Background: Infertility is a failure of women to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sexual relationships. It affects 10 to 14 percent of the population in India and high rates with one out of six couplesaffected in urban areas. Nearly 27.5 million couples suffer from infertility in India. 1 Method: A case-control studywas conducted in the Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecological OPD, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Women diagnosed with primary infertility were included as a case and primi mothers were included as a control. Women who conceived with infertility treatment were excluded from the study. A total of 100 cases and 100 controls were included for the study. Pretested self-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: Significant predictors of infertility identified in the study were age of women (p = 0.003, OR = 0.414), duration of married life (p = 0.000, OR = 15.4), BMI (p =0.020, OR = 1.166), history of thyroid disorder (p = 0.001, OR = 4.810), family history of infertility (p = 0.006, OR = 13.2), sleeping problem (p = 0.000, OR = 0.03), duration of attempting pregnancy (p = 0.001, OR = 0.06), any habituation (p = 0.006, OR = 0.07), frequency of menstrual cycle (p = 0.000, OR = 1.77), pattern of menstrual flow (p = 0.000, OR = 1.52), dysmenorrhoea(p = 0.000, OR = 0.31), history of PCOS (p = 0.000, OR = 16.5), food likes (p = 0.000, OR = 4.379), frequency of taking meat (p = 0.000, OR = 7.0), caffeine intake per day (p = 0.000, OR = 0.11), exposure to smoking (p = 0.008, OR = 0.21) and family environment (Stress) (p = 0.025, OR = 4.0).Conclusion: Early Screening and treatment of risk factors will help in preventing the occurrence of infertility.