This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between simple febrile convulsion and iron deficiency anemia in children. In this case-control study, 60 children aged 6 months to 5 years old with simple febrile convulsion hospitalized in the Pediatric Unit of Heshmatiyeh Hospital of Sabzevar. separately for case and control groups and the two groups were compared in terms of blood indexes and iron deficiency anemia. The significance level was considered Pvalue <0.05. The case and control groups were matched in terms of age and sex, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results showed the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the febrile convulsion group was somewhat lower than that of the control group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups (p> 0.05). The results of this study showed that the risk of convulsion is not higher in cases with anemia. However, iron can be prescribed with caution for high-risk patients with a history of previous convulsion or a positive family history of this condition, if they suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, according to the results of previous studies and the present study, conducting extensive research simultaneously in several centers is recommended.