European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Fertility is a complex equation of continuous hormonal changes. The present study was evaluation of ovarian volume, stromal blood flow and antral follicular count in case of infertility by spectral color doppler and transvaginal 3D ultrasonography. The present study was conducted to assess ovarian volume, stromal blood flow and antral follicular count in case of infertility by spectral color doppler and transvaginal 3d ultrasonography.
Materials & Methods: Patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years were included in both infertility (50) and pregnancy control groups (50). Basal ovarian volume and AFC are measured intravaginally. USG. Relevant clinical data and hormonal tests will be recorded for each patient. The machines used in this study are GE Voluson S8 USG-machine, Logiq p9 USG.
Results: Based on the criterion of >11 antral follicular count which gave sensitivity and specificity of 20% and 56% respectively that 43 subjects in the infertile group and 34 subjects in the control group had antral follicular count of less than 11 while seven (07) subjects in the infertile group and 34 subjects in the control group had antral follicular count of equal to or more than 11. The difference in between infertile and control group was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.03). Ovarian volume less than 11.75 cc was seen in 45 (90%) patients in infertile group and 33 (66%) patients in the control group. Ovarian volume (in cc) of more than or equal to 11.75 was seen in 05 (10%) of patients in the infertile group while 17 (34%) patients in the control group. The difference between the two group was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.004). The cut -off for ovarian volume at 11.75 cc was decided based on sensitivity and specificity of 12% and 66% respectively. PSV of less than 13 cm/sec was seen among 37 patients from infertile group while PSV of ≥13 cm/sec was seen among 13 patients from infertile group. In control group, 28 patients had PSV of <13 cm/sec while 22 patients had PSV of ≥13 cm/sec. However, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.05). The distribution was uniform across the infertile and control group and difference was not found to be statistically significant (p = 1).
Conclusion: AFC, ovarian volume, stromal blood flow (in terms of PSV and RI) can be used as predictors for determining infertility state among females of reproductive age group and further can be used in determining further management for the same. Although our study also showed that in fertile group, there was no positive correlation between AFC and ovarian volume, PSV. The mean AFC in our study population was different from that noted in other studies from different parts of the world and it could be due to racial, socio-economic and geographical factors. A cut-off value of 11 for AFC may be used as one of the factor in females undergoing infertility assessment. Other factors such as Ovarian volume, Stromal blood flow (in terms of PSV and RI) can also be used during assessment along with AFC for management of infertility among Indian women

The genesis and fertility of soils are determined by the processes of transformation, migration and accumulation of matter, energy and information. It is proved that these processes determine the intensity of the development of podzol formation in soils, gleying, and the soddy process.
It is shown that it is more profitable to grow on more cultivated soddy-podzolic soils, from an energy point of view. Winter wheat, on less cultivated - perennial grasses. On less cultivated soils, there is a greater risk of crop failure under adverse weather conditions.
It is proposed to carry out an information assessment according to the multiple correlation equations. It is proved that the information-energy assessment of soils is necessary for the correct characterization of the genesis and fertility of soils.

Background: Cancer has become highly prevalent in developing countries, and Africa is not far from it. The treatment of these cancers increases the risk of infertility in women. This review aims to understand the effects of different types of cancer treatments on the fertility in women.
Method: PRISMA guidelines were followed for scrutinizing the articles. Original research articles were searched and obtained from online databases including Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Springer, Nature, Web of Sciences, Semantic Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, Research Gate, EMBASE, National Center for Biotechnological Information etc. After removing irrelevant, duplicated, and less correlated articles from the total of 1671 obtained articles, 19 studies were included in the systematic analysis.
Results: Among The 19 Studies Included, 14 Were Retrospective. Based On The Systematic Analysis Performed, Overall Fertility Deficits Were Observed In Female Survivors Of Cancers. Sex, Age At Diagnosis, Pre-Diagnosis Parenthood, And Diagnostic Period All Had An Effect On Fertility After Cancer Treatment. Treatment with alkylating agents, second line therapy, and age>35 years also influence the chances of pregnancy. Pre-term delivery was also found to be linked to cancer-related therapy. The probability of having a first live birth among cancer survivors was low. The site of cancer and age at the onset of cancer were independent predictors of a reduced probability of giving birth after diagnosis. Pelvic radiation was found to be more damaging than abdominal or supradiaphragmatic radiation.
Conclusion: The present review suggests that future measures should be taken to include an assessment of women’s desire for future fertility and also provide fertility preservation options. Fertility preservation strategies for cancer-affected women in their reproductive years. Long-term fertility data on cancer survivors in South Africa are needed. Counseling tools and guidelines for referral to onco-fertility specialists should be developed for newly diagnosed young patients.

The article elaborates on the possibility of increasing cotton yields by improving the agrophysical, agrochemical and microbiological properties of fallow soils by deep tillage at different depths between rows of cotton grown on irrigated fallow soils in the southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In variants 4 and 5 of the experiment, an increase in cotton yield was observed as a result of improved agrophysical, agrochemical and microbiological properties of the soil when cotton was cultivated at depths of 26-28 cm and 30-32 cm, respectively. In the experiments, when the cotton row spacing was loosened to a depth of 30-32 cm, the mass volume of the soil in the drive and subsoil layers decreased by 0,02-0,03 g/cm3, porosity by 2,0-2,1%, water permeability by 100-120 m3/ha increase in; humus content was higher by 0,004%, nitrogen content was higher by 0,007%, and phosphorus content was higher by 0,006%; As a result of the rapid development of the cotton root system, the efficiency of moisture and nutrient utilization has increased, and an additional 4-5 ts/ha of cotton has been proven to be obtained. The best results are obtained by cultivating cotton at a depth of 30-32 cm between rows. additional yield was obtained.