European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The viral virus transmitted by mosquitoes that can be fatal, dengue, has been a public health issue. Despite being lethal, dengue is an illness that can be avoided. Health education, mosquito eradication, and immunization are the three basic forms of preventive that are frequently used in tandem.
Method: Quantitative research design was used for study. A practical simple random sampling procedure was used to select 60 mothers in total. Questionnaire methods were used to gather the data. Age, religion, degree of education, and other socio-demographic characteristics were taken into account when formulating the questions.
Results: In this study, the majority of participants, 36 (60%) had average knowledge about dengue fever, followed by 13 (21.7%) who had bad knowledge and just 11 (18.3%) who had strong knowledge. The majority of 28 (46.7%) were between the ages of 18 and 25, and the majority of 45 (75%) were Hindus, according to other results. Of the relationship between mother and selected socio-demographic factors and their level of understanding regarding their dengue fever. The results indicated that while religion and educational status are significant at the p0.05 level, socio-demographic variables like the mother's age, residence, employment status, earning members of the family, family monthly income, marital status, family type are not significant at that level.
Conclusion: It is important to give mothers enough information about prevention of dengue fever so that they can help and encourage other mothers.

Mamata Scheme is conditional cash transfer maternity benefit scheme given to address maternal and infant under nutrition in Odisha.
Objective: To assess the knowledge and perception of pregnant women and mothers with child less than 1 yr of age regarding Mamata Scheme.
Methodology: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in a field practice area of Dept. Of Community Medicine, PRM Medical College, Baripada. The study subjects included all pregnant women with at least six months of completed gestation and all lactating mothers having child less than 1 yr of age registered at AWCs / Mini AWCs during the study period. A pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using MS Excel.
Results: Out of 157 study subjects, all the mothers were aware about the amount paid Rs.5000 in two installments under Mamata Scheme. Ante-natal registration and dT vaccination required as the criteria for 1^st installment was known to all the participants. 149 (94.90%) had knowledge regarding the intake of IFA & 97 (61.78%) had knowledge to attend one counselling session at the AWC for getting the 1^st installment. Knowledge regarding criteria for 2^nd installment, 138 (87.90%) mothers were known about the registration of the child after birth at AWC. Regarding the various vaccination status most of the mothers, 150 (95.5%) were known to OPV & Pentavalent vaccinations. Almost all the mothers 155(98.73%) had knowledge regarding the exclusive breast feeding followed by 148(94.27%) for complementary feeding. 139(88.53%) mothers had good perception towards Mamata Scheme.
Conclusion: The Knowledge and perceptions of mothers regarding the scheme needs to be enhanced further through IEC activities.

Abused and neglected children are exposed to multiple stressors in addition to experiences of abuse and neglect and possible sequel may manifest at different points in a child's development ¹.
Objectives:

To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding child abuse among the mothers of school age children before video assisted educational programme.
To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding child abuse among the mothers of school age children after video assisted educational programme.

Purposive sampling technique was used Total 60 mothers with school age children of selected area in Karad city, Maharashtra, India selected for the study.
The Major Findings: Data on sample characteristics revealed that out of 60 mothers of school age children. Majority 33% belonged to age group 26-28 years. Maximum mothers 52% having one child. Majority mothers 38% were educated up to under graduated. Majority of mothers 37% belong to income group 15,000-20,000/- per month. Majority mothers 41% having child of age group 10-12 years. The pre-test knowledge the mothers regarding child abuse 29 (48%) mothers had average knowledge, before administering video assisted educational programme. The post-test knowledge of the mothers regarding child abuse: It was notified that majority of 44 (73%) mothers had good knowledge regarding child abuse after administering video assisted educational programme. The mean pretest 11.6 and SD 3.845 and Post Test 23.2. And SD 3.502.
Conclusion: The video assisted educational programme was effective.

Background: Fever is a typical symptom of common childhood health concerns, leading parents to seek medical attention for their children.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of health education on mothers' understanding of how to best care for their children while they are ill with a fever.
Methods: The study used a one-group pre-and post-test strategy for research. The mothers of children aged six and up admitted to the paediatric ward of a selected Karad tertiary care hospital constitute the study population. It was permissible to pick a sample of moms of children with fever using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. One hundred childbearing women were chosen from the Krishna hospital in Karad. In order to gather information, a formal questionnaire was used. The purpose of the pre-test was to gauge mothers' preexisting knowledge on the topic of food for children with fever. After 7 days of pre-testing, we repeated the knowledge quiz to see how much of the initial knowledge gained from the structured health education had stuck.
Result: After receiving systematic health education, 60% of moms improved to a sufficient level of knowledge. For mothers, the mean pre-test score on diet knowledge was 5.83; the post-test score was 14.6, and the paired "t" test value was 13.9. This improvement was statistically significant at the 0.0001 level.
Conclusion: Most mothers lacked information about what to feed their children with fever prior to receiving health education, so it's important that ongoing health education programmes emphasise the importance of a healthy diet for kids when they're sick. This will help prevent further complications and ensure that kids stay healthy in the long run

Introduction: Families having children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were the most negatively affected group in terms of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, burnout and quality of life (QoL). It is known that Therapeutic Recreation Programs have positive effects on depression symptoms and quality of life of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a one-week therapeutic recreation program on the symptoms of depression and QoL of mothers who have children with ASD.
Method: Fifteen mothers volunteered in this quantitative research, which was performed as a single-group pre-test and post-test experimental design. ASD diagnosed by medical professionals and classified as having moderate or severe ASD according to the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2-Turkish Version (GARS-2-TV). Data was collected via Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Parent Edition and Beck Depression Inventory before and after the therapeutic recreation camp at a mountain camping center in 2020.
Results: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results revealed that the therapeutic recreation program had a positive effect on the levels of depression and ASD related QoL but did not have a significant effect on the general QoL of mothers.
Conclusion: It can be argued that even a one-week therapeutic recreation program provides a significant improvement in the QoL of mothers and, consequently, a decline in their symptoms of depression.

Background: -India has 440 million children. About 27 million children are born each    year in India. But nearly 2 million of them do not live to the age of 5.  Upper respiratory infections are leading cause of child mortality (30%) in India.^1..WHO report stated that children below five years of age suffer about 5    episodes of URTI per child per year. URTI is responsible for about 30-40% of visits to health care facilities and for about 20-40% admission to hospitals.The proportions of death due to respiratory infection in the community is much higher as many children die at home^.2
Methodology:-.Quasi experimental (one group pre post, post testdesign )was used with evaluative approach among 50 subjects by Using simple random sampling Technique.Permission taken from ethical committee and concern authority of the institute  andbefore collection of the data informed consent taken from mothers. Data were collected from mothers by using knowledge questionnaire on demographic data and Home Management Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infecton In Under Five Children.Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result :- Result reveals thatknowledge regarding  upper respiratory tract infecton  among the mothers of  under five children is . 76%  mothers had average  level of   knowledge regarding URTI.  24%  had  good level of knowledge regarding URTI and  no one is having poor level of  knowledgeregarding URTI.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is considered to be an important practice for enhancing infant health and wellbeing. Breastfeeding offers a wide range of psychological and physical health benefits in the long-term and short-term for young children, infants, and mothers. The study therefore sought to assess the challenges in initiation of breast feeding among mothers admitted at a teaching hospital.
METHODS:This study used a retrospective questionnaire to collect data. The advantage of using a questionnaire is standardized response as women are asked the same set of questions in the same order.The questionnaire was in English and questions are asked in their own language. Mother’s and caretakers were asked about each question.Random sampling was used when selecting the mothers to be interviewed from those who were admitted for delivery in maternity and teaching hospitals in postpartum period during hospital stay.
RESULTS: Among the 200 participants 45.5% of mothers gave first feeds to their baby within one hour, 73%of the neonates were given Direct breast feeding on day 1,5% of mothers had difficulty in initiation of feeds. 48.5% of mothers had delay in initiation of feeds,2.5%of the mothers had inverted nipple,1.5% of the mothers had taboo regarding breast feeding, 2.5% of the mothers preferred formula feeds.
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, it was recommended that mothers should be encouraged and sensitized to know the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, and extension of maternity period is also important to enable them attend to their babies

Background & Method: The aim of this study is to study neonatal outcome in babies born to mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension. An observational study was conducted in level III NICU of INDEX MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL & RESEARCH CENTRE , INDORE .  Detailed maternal history like age, parity, immunisation status, gestational age, blood pressure recording, proteinuria & presence of seizures. Details of labor, mode of delivery, presence of complications if any during labor. Detailed natal history was taken which included maturity , birth weight , APGAR score , type of delivery  , anthropometry , any complication during birth like Meconium Aspiration Syndrome(MAS) , respiratory distress (RDS) , sepsis , need for ventilatory support. Gestational age was assessed by New Ballard scoring system.
 
Result: Among the total(n = 156), about 69.2% of babies were delivered by caesarean section & 30.8% were delivered by vaginal delivery. This shows a statistical significance of caesarean section(p value-0.001) among these babies born to PIH mothers in our study. RDS is found to be the most common complication accounting for about 39.7% of all babies. Birth asphyxia (26.9%) & sepsis (29.4%) comes next, followed by Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) (3.8%) being the least common complication.
 
Conclusion: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a maternal pathology involving placental modification which is associated with foetal complications. Since babies born to hypertensive mothers are prone to develop several complications, close monitoring of these babies should be undertaken in an attempt to provide these babies with decreased morbidity & improved growth development & survival.

Weaning is a complex process of a gradual introduction of complementary foods to the infant’s diet. It is recommended that solid food is introduced between 6 and 12 months of age. Weaning is difficult and potentially dangerous time for infants’ growth and mother’s education is an established determinant of its success. Little is known about weaning attitudes or practice among mothers in the Saudi Arabia. The weaning is a process by which the baby gets used to eating adult's food slowly and relies less and less on breastfeeding (BF). It should start between four and six months of age. It is an important public health strategy for improving the child health.e origins of the word ‘weaning’ are traceable to the AngloSaxon expression “wenian” meaning “to become accustomed to something different” . Weaning from breastfeeding is considered a natural and inevitable stage in the development of human child. Weaning is a complex process involving adjustment to a range of nutritional, immunological, biochemical, and psychological changes.

Over the last several decades, there has been some decline in mortality rate in association with diarrhea and this has been attributed to the use of oral rehydration solutions (ORS), better supplemental feeding, improvement in hygiene and sanitation and mother education; however, the use of ORS is greatly affected by mothers knowledge and attitude toward using it in treating their children with diarrheal disease. This study was aimed to figuring out maternal knowledge, attitude and practice with respect to ORT use in diarrheal illness and the main maternal characteristics that can predict such attitude and practice.The current study was designed to be a cross sectional study enrolling 400 mothers of children aged between 2-59 m. with history of diarrheal disease. Those mothers were asked to fill a questionnaire form regarding residency, level of education, parity, occupation,did they use ORS for their children or not during diarrheal disease. Mothers who did not use the ORS were asked about the reasons for such behavior. Mothers who used the ORS were asked about their source of knowledge about ORS,the way of preparation of ORS,the type of ORS, the frequency of administration, the method of administration and their beliefs regarding the benefit of ORS. The results of current study revealed that out of 400 mothers including in this study 232 (58%) used ORS to treat there children during diarrheal disease.There was no significant association between use of ORS and residence, level of education, parity and occupation (P > 0.05). Mothers who used ORS had good knowledge about the advantages and the way of preparation and use of ORS and their main source of knowledge was primary health care centers. Mothers who did not use ORS admitted to have no idea about its advantages because no one has told them about these advantages. a significant proportion of mothers in our community lack necessary knowledge about the advantages of ORS in treating diarrheal disease in children and that there is urgent need to adopt health campaign to raise the awareness of women in our society regarding this common health issue.