European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The incidence of congenital heart defect is 8-10/1000 live-births according to various reports from the different parts of the world.3 this incidence has remained constant worldwide.4 It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. These account for about 30% of the total congenital abnormalities. Neonates with CHD presents with low oxygen saturation which can be screened with the help of pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry is an easy and non-invasive method for measuring arterial oxygen saturation in newborns with a high level of accuracy.
Objective: To asses the role of Pulse Oximetry as a Screening Tool for Detecting Congenital Heart Disease.
Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted by the Department of Paediatrics (Post Natal Ward) at Government Multi-specialty Hospital, Sector-16 and Chandigarh from December 2015 to June 2016.
Results: Among the study out of 528 study subjects nearly 5 (0.9%) of them were found to be positive and 523(99.1%) of them were found to be negative. The mean value of spo2 in positive screened cases of the upper limb was noted to be 91.20 which ranged from 89-94. In the lower limb, the mean value was found to be 90.20, which ranged from 84-94. The mean value of hand-foot difference was 3.00. The mean SpO2 Saturation in the upper and lower Limb between screen positive and Screen Negative was found to be statistically Significant with P Value of less than <0.0001.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis of CHD is crucial to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of CHD as the first manifestation of CHD may be associated with circulatory collapse or death. Pulse oximetry can detect mild hypoxemia which is characteristic of CHD. Therefore, pulse oximetry screening should be implemented in routine post natal examination of neonates.

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus is a paediatric congenital deformity with an occurence of 1 in 1,000 live births, it is distinguished with the development of equinus and varus deformity in the hind foot, cavus in the middle of the foot, forefoot adduction. Clubfoot assessment is essential to assess the initial severity of the clubfoot, to monitor treatment progress and to identify relapses. Currently, there is no measurement tool available to measure the extent of the deformity or control the treatment and it is difficult to do so using measures such as Pirani scoring and Dimeglio classification, as observer bias is susceptible. With Real Time Sonoelastography we can test changes in the properties of CTEV-affected Soft tissues. 
Objective :1)To evaluate initial properties of the tendons of Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles by real time sonoelastography in CTEV.2) To compare changes in tendon substance of Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles with Real time elastography in patients with Clubfoot after serial Ponseti’s cast correction.3)To evaluate sonoelastographic properties of normal Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles in cases of unilateral club foot.
Methods and Material: A total of 30 unilateral clubfoot children who are less than 2 years old visiting the out patients department of AVBRH would be recruited. In this study, we will use a Real time sonoelastography, Real time sonoelastography will be performed using the (Hitachi Aloka ;Model: Arietta S 70) and the ultrasound probe ( MSK liner probe 12 to 18 MHz).
Results – The result will be compiled after the results of elastography, in well tabulated manner.
Conclusion – The conclusion will be based on the findings for study.

The incidence of Congenital Diaphragmatic hernias 1:2000 to 1:12500 amongst all live births. (1,2) It is rare adults with a incidence of 0.17%. (3) Presentation in adults is usually asymptomatic and are detected incidentally during imaging studies.Somepatients present when complications occur. Otherwise when symptoms are present, it is usually more of GI symptoms or rarely with respiratory symptoms. Here we report a case of a 39yr old female patient who presented with respiratory symptoms and had a Left side Bochdalek hernia which was treated successfully by laparoscopic mesh repair. Patient is fine after 1 year of follow-up.