European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The aim of this study is to study prevalence of cognitive function impairment in ckd patients in india & to study effect on cognitive function after hemodialysis initiation in ckd stage v patients.
65 patients from department of Nephrology Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute, New Delhi , who were CKD Stage III – V (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m²), & were not on Hemodialysis and those End Stage Renal Disease patients in whom hemodialysis was initiated.
RESULT: Result of both the group was statically significant, showing improvement in cognitive dysfunction after hemodialysis initiation. P vaue by both HMMSE and HMOCA score was less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION: Our study also emphasizes on the fact that with the increasing CKD population there are more chances of cognitive dysfunction. Early evaluation of cognitive impairment in these patients is important because it affects the quality of life and adding life to years is adding years to life.

After various types of information sent from outside are combined in our brains and adapted, after it, they become compound words. Adaptation in this form results in the formation of compound words based on both synonymity and antonymity by combining words with different meanings. The other part of compound words are made up of words that expressing opposite meanings. Man’s cognitive activity has made it possible to distinguish between the things that exist in nature and, in general, any concepts in certain features. It is as a result of this activity of the brain words have been formed that are opposite to each other in the language, and these words have been regrouped to form compound words. In cognitive linguistics, one of the components of compound words is considered to be the main one, and in general, it affects which part of speech the newly formed compound word is. In compound words, the first element takes a stress, but the second element defines a new class of compound words. The formation of compound words is closely related to conceptual factors. Mostly complex words are the result of the formation of a conceptual mixture. In this process, the elements of the two concepts are selected and “mixed” with a new, more complex concept. The article discusses the expression of compound lexical units’ components with parts of speech in the English and Azerbaijani languages, which are different system languages, and their cognitive features. Various scientific sources have been used in writing the article

The article discusses the definition of responsibility, defines the structure and its components. And also an analysis of the works of specific authors on the problem of responsibility, a variety of approaches and the ambiguity of the characteristics of this category. The functions of responsibility are considered: sense-forming, normative-regulating, directing, coordinating and mechanisms of perception of responsibility, a heuristic mechanism, an evaluative mechanism, a mechanism of due attitude, a reference mechanism, a motivational mechanism - a mechanism of self-control. Cognitive, motivational, volitional, activity-based components are considered

Background: One of four older people have experienced illness in the last month and requires health care whose primary efforts are to increase, prevent, and maintain health results of the degenerative process in health facilities. Aim: This study seeks to determine the independence level, in which the Barthel ADL Index and Mini-Mental Status Examination are utilized. Method: This study was an observational descriptive at the community health center of Aikmel District, East Lombok Regency. The study sample was older people who visited from January to June 2019, in a total of 739 respondents. Results: Analysis employing the Barthel ADL Index discovered that the independence levels of the older people were 92.7% independent, 7.0% lightly dependent, and 0.3% moderately dependent. Meanwhile, the Mini-Mental Status Examination for cognitive function of the older people was 69.8% normal, 25.0% probable cognitive impairment, and 5.1% definite cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The older people visiting the community health center of Aikmel are mostly independent and have a normal cognitive function. The recommendation for the community health center is to evaluate the assessment results and make planning and implementation to follow up on the integrity of health programs.