European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Many foramina and fissures are located in the sphenoid bone that carries nerve and blood vessels of the head and neck. Sphenoid bone is an unpaired centrally situated bone. In the cranium it lies anteriorly and to the middle cranial fossa its contribution is large. Also contributes to the posterolateral wall of the orbit and the lateral wall of the skull. Foramen spinosum is a very small foramina situated at the edge of the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa. In the greater wing of the sphenoid bone foramen of spinosum is one of two foramina present. The foramen rotundum is a circular opening in the sphenoid bone that connects the pterygopalatine fossa. The foramen rotundum is a spherical opening positioned in the floor of the skull.

Introduction: Sphenoid bone is an individual bone in the cranium which is unpaired. Its shape resembles a butterfly or bat shaped containing a central body. Sphenoidal tubercle is the bony projection present within the anterior aspect of the infratemporal crest. The purpose of this research work is to bring out the morphometrical variations of sphenoidal tubercle in dry sphenoid bone and its anatomical deviations.
Materials and Methods: The osteometric study was did in 42 dry processed cranial cavity of unidentified gender. Also skulls having large breakage and developmental defects were rejected. Good selected bones were collected from Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals for estimation. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS, using a paired sample ‘t’ test.
Results: Morphological analysis shows that sphenoidal tubercle represent a different morphology and measurements. Morphometrical analysis shows that the average of right sphenoidal tubercle and left sphenoidal tubercle is 3.901 and 3.394.
Conclusion: Since the groove for maxillary artery and groove for maxillary nerve are situated nearer to the sphenoidal tubercle, it is a remarkable landmark in anatomical structures. This key landmark could be regarded as a criterion for the surgical methodology to the infratemporal fossa.

INTRODUCTION :
In the cranial cavity, the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is a small a bony projection in the lesser wing of Sphenoid in its posterior border. Surgically removing this is an important procedure for the proper treatment of any aneurysms related to the internal carotid artery (ICA) and for tumours in that region. Very few studies have reported dimensions, various surgical approaches and anatomical variations of this.
AIM :
The aim of the study is to make morphometric measurements of ACP in the dry cranial cavity of South Indian adult skulls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
The study was conducted on 23 dry adult South Indian skulls of unknown age and sex. Basal width, length and thickness of ACP were measured using Vernier caliper. The data were tabulated and related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test was done using SPSS software.

Objectives: To determine any possible association between sella turcica bridging and canine impaction.
Subjects and methods: Orthodontic records consisting of standard-quality lateral cephalograms and dental panoramic radiographs were selected. Thirty patients with impacted canines (19 females,11 females; mean age, 16.0 ± 22.3 years) and 30 controls with erupted canines (15 males, 15 females; mean age, 15.1 ± 24.1 years) were included in the study. Sella dimensions between the patients and the controls were compared by using Independent sample t test whereas the relation of sella bridging with impacted canines was analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: In the results, significant statistical difference was found to be present among male subjects and female subjects in relation to mean sagittal interclinoid distance (p<0.05). On comparison of degree of calcification (Leonardi classification) in cases and control, occurrence of type I sella bridging was found to be 3 (10%) and 19 (86.4 %) in subjects (n=30) and control (n=30) respectively, type II sella bridging was observed in 21 (70%) subjects and 11 (34.4%) control respectively, type III sella bridging was observed in 6 (20%) subjects. Degree of calcification in cases with stratification in regards to gender 
was studied using Leonardi ordinal scale classification. Occurrence of type I sella bridging was found to be 3 (27.3%) and 0 (0%) among male subjects and female subjects, type II sella bridging was seen in 6 (54.5 %) male cases and 15 (78.9 %) female cases and type III sella bridging was seen in 2 (18.2 %) male cases and 4 (21.1%) female cases respectively.
Conclusions: The frequency of sella turcica bridging was increased in patients with canine impactions whereas sella turcica length, depth and diameter were reduced in patients with canine impactions. Sella length was increased in males than females in the impacted canines group. The chances of having partial or complete bridging in subjects with impacted canines were approximately 4 times greater than those with erupted canines.