European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Total hip arthroplasty could be associated with major intra-operative as well as post-operative blood loss. Post-operative anaemia is a recognized complication which can prolong hospital stay, delay rehabilitation and is poorly tolerated by elderly patients. Blood transfusion carries the risk of infections, anaphylaxis, etc. We examined whether tranexamic acid given before and after total hip arthroplasty reduces intra-operative, post-operative and total operative blood loss and whether the need for post-operative blood transfusion is reduced.
Materials & Methods: A total of 40 patients were included in this study. Group A (n=20, study group) received I.V tranexamic acid (15mg/kg body weight) infusion 10 minutes before incision. 4 hours later, 10mg/kg body weight I.V tranexamic acid was given. Group B (n=20, control group) did not receive any anti fibrinolytic agent. The amount of blood loss, post-operative drop in haemoglobin and the amount of blood transfused was recorded in each case.
Results: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss by 35.68% and total operative blood loss by 22.87% with a 30% reduction in blood transfusion rates compared to the control group. There was no significant effect on post-operative blood loss, duration of surgery or length of hospital stay.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid when administered perioperatively significantly reduces the operative blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty surgery with minor side effects. Thus, it can be used effectively in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty to reduce intra-operative blood loss and the need for blood transfusions.

Aim: The purpose of our research was to assess and analyse IgE cross-reactivity in Indian patients sera in relation to latex extract.
Methodology: Sera from 27patients with latex allergy and control sera from nonsensitive individuals were studied for latex-specific IgE antibodies. Two antigen preparations were used from different rubber tree saps. All patients had skin prick test results that were positive to latex antigens, and all sera were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the various antigens.
Results: There were considerable differences in the reactivity of patient sera with the different antigens. Only 50% of the sera from patients with later allergy demonstrated significant levels of IgE to later as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Conclusion: The results indicate that reagents such as rubber tree sap, which contain multiple clinically significant antigenic components, should be included in evaluation of latex allergy and that differences in patient populations may result in serologic variances

Medical emergencies at dental office are a rare situation. When the dentist encounters such occasional incidences, they should initiate emergency procedures to save the life of the patient. In case of an emergency, the roles and activities of the dentist and the team members should be planned, documented, and displayed. The staff members should be trained and updated in first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and other emergency procedures. The knowledge of management of medical emergencies will increase the confidence of the dental surgeons in their clinical practice. The objective of this review article is to provide a vision to the commonly occurring medical and dental emergencies and complications in dental practice and their management.