European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Snake bite is a well-known occupational hazard amongst farmers, plantation workers,
and other outdoor workers and results in much morbidity and mortality throughout the world.
This occupational hazard is no more an issue restricted to a particular part of the world; it has
become a global issue.
Aim: To study the clinical profile and outcome of patients of snake bite admitted JA group of
hospital Gwalior (GRMC Gwalior)
Method: This study was conducted in JA group of hospital Gwalior (GRMC Gwalior) in 75 patients
admitted with history of definite snake bite in ICU, Department of Medicine, G.R. Medical College,
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India over a period of one and a half year from July 2019 to December
2021. All the patients were subjected to history taking, complete physical examination and relevant
blood investigations including compete blood count and renal function test with appropriate
inclusion and exclusion criteria
Results: Most of the cases of snake bite were from age group 21-30 years (28%) and second most
common age group was 41-50 years (24%). Ptosis (74.6%) was found to be most common symptom
followed by ophthalmoplegia (62.6%) in snake bite patients.Almost all (94.6%) patients of snake
bite recovered and only 4 (5.4%) died in hospital due to cardiac arrest while on ventilator.
Conclusion: Snakebite is most often an occupational, domestic or environmental hazard affecting
mostly males and from age group 21-30 years. Mostly patients appeared with
neurotoxicity.Majority of patients of snake bite recovered if they received right treatment

Nowadays, there is a continuous and progressive global public exposure to acrylamide (ACR) due its presence in fried and backed food. Thermal preparation of sugar-rich food mostly initiates chemical reactions that yield dangerous chemicals. Of these chemicals arise acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. Those having a high
affinity for binding to nervous tissues. The acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity involves reduction in proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells associated with apoptotic cell death. Concerning acrylamide-induced toxicity, preventive medicine research focused on natural antioxidants. Studies on active constituents of Saffron showed obvious antioxidant, and anti-toxic properties. Here, we designed this study to investigate the possible protective
effect of saffron against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal area of brain. Adult male albino rats were assigned equally into 4 groups (n = 8); control; saffron group; acrylamide (ACR)-administered group and combined ACR and saffron- treated group. Our results recorded molecular changes as a significant decrease on genomic DNA fragmentation in saffron co-administered group as compared to ACR-exposed group. The changes on DNA mutagenicity were studied by analyzing the random amplification of polymorphism of DNA that showed an elevated genomic integrity on rat co -administered saffron with ACR in contrast to those exposed to ACR only.

The word “neuro” is originated from the classical Greek word “neuron” which means nerves and nervous system which plays a very essential role in functioning of different body parts of humans and animals.[1] Neurotoxins are those kinds of toxic substances which are when encountered with living body by what’s so ever way i.e. Cutaneous, Sub-cutaneous, Ocular, Muscular or Intravenous, causes maladaptive and detrimental behaviour of CNS (Central nervous system) which leads to evolve various diseases and ultimately death. Neurotoxicity is the direct or indirect ramifications of nerve cells and nervous systems which especially effects to the cellular metabolic processes on which CNS mutually depends.[2] Neurotoxicity is usually self-sustaining and rarely progressive when discontinued in exposure with body but there can be delay in between the contact time and the neurotoxic effects.[3]