European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background:Recently, there has been an interest in identifying non-lipid risk factors in the causation of metabolic syndrome.
Objectives: The present study was aimed to assess the significance of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)and thyroid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in the outpatient clinic of Department of Medicine were included. Those having ≥3 components of the metabolic syndrome criteria constituted the cases and those with less than three components constituted the controls. Various biochemical parameters were compared between cases and control.
Results: Mean hs-CRP was significantly higher among cases (2.9 ± 0.8mg/L) as compared to controls (1.1 ± 0.7 mg/L), p value 0.5). The clinical thyroid status of the cases was compared against that of control. Among those with metabolic syndrome, overt hypothyroidism was observed in 18.4% and 3% had subclinical hypothyroidism, while among controls, only 4.6% had overt hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP. Though the mean TSH levels were similar, thyroid dysfunction was significantly more common in cases with metabolic syndrome

The components of metabolic syndrome ‘X,' which include elevated insulin levels, poor glucose tolerance, high triglyceride levels, central obesity (sometimes known as an "apple body"), and high blood pressure, are significant in the Indian setting. Those who suffer from metabolic syndrome are at an elevated risk of developing coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke by a factor of two to three. This research aimed to compare the components associated with metabolic syndrome and neurological examination in patients with metabolic syndrome with non-metabolic syndrome patients in cases with the acute ischaemic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a set of interrelated clinical disorders, including dyslipidemia, central obesity, glucose intolerance, and high blood pressure. Hyperuricemia is known to cause various inflammatory diseases via uric acid deposition in the joints. Present study was aimed to study serum uric acid in patients with metabolic syndrome at a tertiary care hospital in rural Tamilnadu. Material and Methods: Present study was comparative, observational study, conducted in patients of age > 18 years, either gender, case of metabolic syndrome (cases) & healthy, age & gender matched subjects (controls). Results: In present study 400 cases & age, gender matched 400 controls were participated. We noticed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar & triglycerides were significantly higher among patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to controls & difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). While, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol & low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) were comparable in both groups & difference was not significant statistically (p>0.05). In patients with metabolic syndrome higher levels of uric acid (6.78 ± 1.05) were noted as compared to controls (5.16 ± 0.95), difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).In patients of metabolic syndrome higher levels of uric acid were noted in patients with BMI > 30 kg/m² (6.17 ± 1.02 vs 4.81 ± 0.92), Fasting Blood Sugar ≥100 (6.29 ± 1.09 vs 4.92 ± 0.99), blood Pressure ≥130/85 (6.27 ± 1.13 vs 5.29 ± 1.01) & triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (6.05 ± 0.99 vs 5.53 ± 1.21), difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elevated levels of uric acid were seen in patients with metabolic syndrome and also in components of metabolic syndrome such as body mass index, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure & triglycerides

Several pieces of data imply that metabolic syndrome (Met S) increases the risk of stroke. The modified Rankin scale (MRS), a clinician-reported evaluation of global impairment, is frequently used to assess the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients with Met S and AIS were examined using modified Rankin Scale scores to determine their prognosis.
Methods:
The study involved fifty patients hospitalised at the D Y Patil Medical College Kolhapur between October 2020 and August 2022 with acute ischemic stroke symptoms. Initial symptomatic atherothrombotic ischemic stroke was detected using the diagnostic criteria of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). They were utilising the NCEP ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome evaluation. Mortality at three months was the primary outcome. (a Rankin modified score of 4-6) At three months, secondary outcomes included recovery, disability, and death.
Results:
Fifty individuals were hospitalised for the trial. In the present study, 62 per cent (31 out of 50) of ischemic stroke patients were found to have metabolic syndrome. Compared to patients without metabolic syndrome, 67.74% of those diagnosed had an MRS score of more than 3. In contrast, only 31.58% of those without metabolic syndrome had an MRS value larger than 3. Compared to persons who did not have metabolic syndrome, those who did were more likely to die (19%) and be handicapped (71%) than those who did not have metabolic syndrome (47% and 16%). The incidence of discharge was significantly higher among individuals without metabolic syndrome (37%) compared to those with metabolic syndrome (10%).
 Conclusion:
According to the results of our research, Met S was shown to be associated with a bad outcome in individuals diagnosed with acute ischemia. The development of efficient prophylactic interventions against metabolic syndrome and its separate components is required to bring the risk of future strokes down to a more manageable level

Background: Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of neck discomfort in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of neck discomfort in people with metabolic syndrome. A total of 800 patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study. Each patient’s relevant clinical characteristics were assessed. The symptoms of the patients were recorded. SPSS and Prism 8 were used for all statistical analysis A p value of 0.05 is considered significant.
Results: MetS was discovered in 44.37% men and 55.62% women who participated in the study. Neck discomfort was reported by 15.62 percent of women and 11.87 percent of men.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that neck discomfort was present in 27.5% people with metabolic syndrome.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is the association between uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome in individuals undergoing general health screening. Serum uric acid levels have been reported to be associated with a variety of cardiovascular conditions. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that hyperuricemia may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, on the other hand, many studies argue that the observed association between uric acid and atherosclerosis is attributable to an indirect association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular risk factor or clustering of these metabolic and hemodynamic risk factors, designated “metabolic syndrome”.
Materials and Methods: The study comprised of metabolic syndrome cases visiting the general medicine outpatient at Government General Hospital, Guntur. Age and sex matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Total 100 out of which 50 cases and 50 controls. Physical Parameters like Waist Circumference (WC), Blood Pressure, Systolic (SBP) & Diastolic (DBP) and Biochemical parameters like Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and Lipid profile Total Triglycerides (TTG), Total Cholesterol (TCH), HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C). Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed using the diagnostic criteria provided by the International Diabetes Federation.
Results: The total numbers of study participants were 100. Out of them 50 cases of central obesity were selected with increased waist circumference and 50 age and sex matched controls were selected with normal waist circumference. Out of 50 obese individuals metabolic syndrome was detected in 23 (46%) of subjects, in 14 (60.86%) of men and in 9 (39.1%) of women and hyperuricemia was detected in 21 (42%) of individuals. The overall serum uric acid (SUA) analysis in the 50 obese group, 21 (Twenty one) are with increased SUA levels. The mean± standard deviation values of all physical (waist circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (FPG, lipid profile, SUA) of obese group when compared to controls were statistically highly significant.
Discussion: In the present study risk analysis was done among the obese group (waist circumference >90cms in men and >80cms in women) and control group who were non obese. The difference between all the variables (physical and biochemical) of both groups based on the standard error of difference was statistically significant and also the p value (<0.001) that was obtained from Student t test was statistically significant.
Conclusion: in the present study, an elevated serum uric acid concentration was found to be correlated with hypertension, insulin resistance and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of skin and joint associated with cardiovascular morbidity.Previous studies have shown higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis patients.
Material & Methods: In this study 60 adult patients from each group with psoriasis and chronic eczemawere included for assessment of metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the presence of three or more criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Panel III (ATP III) with Asian modification for waist circumference.
Results: Metabolic syndrome was significantly more common in psoriatic patients than in eczema patients ((23)38.3% VS (13) 21.6%) P=0.046. Psoriatic patients had a higher prevalence of triglyceridemia, low HDL levels and elevated blood sugaras compared to those findings in chronic eczema group of patients.
Conclusion: In view of our study showing strong association between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis, it is recommended that all psoriasis patients should be screened for early detection of metabolic syndrome so as to prevent mortality and morbidity related to metabolic syndrome. In eczema, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is comparable to that observed in normal population of this region.

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders, with an
overall prevalence of Hypothyroidism about 10.95% in the general population. Prevalence of
the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in the Indian population is about 31.6%, with the prevalence
of 22.9% in men and 39.9% in women.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its
components in people with Hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: A total of 200Hypothyroid patients attending our out-patient and
in-patient department were consecutively enrolled for the study. Clinical data were obtained
by interviewing the patients and referring to their case folders and prescriptions. The
anthropometric indices were recorded. The laboratory parameters that were analyzed included
fasting lipid profile, thyroid function tests, and fasting blood sugars.
Results: The patients were aged between 18 to >65years, with a mean age of 45.11 years,
and the female‑to‑male ratio was 1:2.48. The overall prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
was significantly higher than that in the general population, as reported earlier in various
studies. The most common occurring Metabolic Syndrome defining criterion was increased
waist circumference, and hypertension was the least documented criterion.
Conclusion: Metabolic Syndrome occurs in approximately every second patient of
hypothyroidism, and so, routine screening for components of Metabolic Syndrome may be of
benefit in this group.

Background: Lichen planus is an inflammatory papulosquamous dis- ease which affects skin and mucous membrane and cause metabolic derangements.
Methods: This is an hospital based case control study during a span of 2 year (Jan2018-Dec 2019) which includes 60 cases of lichen planus and 60 age and sex matched controls. Relevant clinical history and physical examination was done and collaborated with blood investigations. Diagnosis was made based on IDF criteria.
Results: No significant association can be established between lichen planus and metabolic syndrome ( p=0.278) Although prevalence of hypertension was higher in cases as compared to controls (36% vs. 26%, p=0.027) , TG levels (12% vs. 6%, p=0.030 and low HDLC levels (47% vs. 33%, p=0.039). No significant association was established between FBS and waist circumference with lichen planus.
Conclusions: Although no significant association can be established between lichen planus and metabolic syndrome but its components such as hypertension, TG and HDLC were found to be associated with LP as per the study. Therefore screening of these parameters in LP patients is necessary to avoid future complications in these patients.

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders, with an overall prevalence of Hypothyroidism about 10.95% in the general population. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in the Indian population is about 31.6%, with the prevalence of 22.9% in men and 39.9% in women.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in people with Hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: A total of 200Hypothyroid patients attending our out-patient  and in-patient department were consecutively enrolled for the study. Clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and referring to their case folders and prescriptions. The anthropometric indices were recorded. The laboratory parameters that were analyzed included fasting lipid profile, thyroid function tests, and fasting blood sugars.
Results: The patients were aged between 18 to >65years, with a mean age of 45.11 years, and the female‑to‑male ratio was 1:2.48. The overall prevalence of the  Metabolic Syndrome was significantly higher than that in the general population, as reported earlier in various studies. The most common occurring Metabolic Syndrome defining criterion was increased waist circumference, and hypertension was the least documented criterion.
Conclusion: Metabolic Syndrome occurs in approximately every second patient of hypothyroidism, and so, routine screening for components of Metabolic Syndrome may be of benefit in this group.
 

Introduction: Physical and mental health have a bidirectional relationship that influences
one another. Several clinical studies have shown that metabolism and emotional state may
share comparable pathways. Although metabolic syndrome and mood disorders often
manifest themselves in adulthood, the likelihood of acquiring these illnesses is influenced by
social and economic conditions in childhood, such as childhood maltreatment, neglect, and
family dysfunctions.
Aim and objectives: To examine the association between childhood adversity and
components of metabolic syndrome in patients with mood disorders and to test whether
specific types of childhood adversity and type of mood disorder interact to worsen metabolic
outcomes.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction with metabolic syndrome is recognized risk of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular disease. This study is an effort to investigate the proposed association between these two disease entities and to identify the factors that increase the risk of this association. Methods: A cross sectional study from a teaching hospital in Bhopal city of central India. Total80 patients with metabolic syndrome were included in this study. Metabolic syndrome patients required to fulfil NCEP-ATP III criteria and 80 patients without metabolic syndrome were allocated into the control group. The biochemical parameters like: Fasting Glucose, Lipid Profile, Thyroid Profile, Hs-CRP, FINS, HOMA-IR levels were determined for assessment of metabolic dysfunctions. Results:Fasting blood sugar, Total cholesterol, LDL and TAG level of metabolic syndrome subjects are significantly increases compare than to control group. Abnormal thyroid functions were found in metabolic syndrome group compare to control group. Hs-CRP, FINS and HOMAIR level of metabolic syndrome subjects are significantly increases compare than to control group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a slight increase in serum TSH might be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the screening of thyroid level essential to reduce the severity of disease and further investigations are needed to evaluate the mechanism of this correlation.

Background:The present study was done to determine the association of serum Ferritin
in Metabolic Syndrome as well as to determine the relation between individual
component of metabolic syndrome and number of components metabolic syndrome and
plasma ferritin.
Materials and Methods: It was a Cross-sectional study. The study was carried out at
NRI Medical College & Hospital, CHINAKAKANI, GUNTUR. The study was included
Metabolic syndrome patients diagnosed as per NCEP (National Cholesterol Education
Program) ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2001) attending the NRI medical
college and Hospital during the study period from March 2021 to March 2022. It is a
Correlational clinical single group study with 102 patients.
Results: In the present study, the mean age group of the study population was 57.38
±8.05. The majority of the study participants belonged to the 51–60 years age group, i.e.,
40.2%, followed by 36.3% in 61–70 years age group. In the present study, the majority
of the study population were male, i.e., 62.7% and females were 37.3%. In the present
study, the majority of the male and female belonged to 51- 70 years age group. In the
present study, overweight was 42%, and obese was 58%. In the present study, the
majority, i.e., 98.4%, had a waist circumference of >90 cm, and among the female
majority, i.e., 94.7% had a waist circumference of >85cm. In the present study, 87.3%
had systolic Blood pressure >130 mmHg, and 84.3% had Diastolic Blood pressure >85
mmHg. In the present study, 62.7% were Hypertensives and were taking regular
medications. 78.4% of the study population were diabetics. The mean duration of
diabetes in the present study was 2.11 ± 0.84. 18.6% had a duration of diabetes <3 years,
3-6 years in 37.3%, and 22.5% had a period being >6 years. 22.5% had 1+ urine
albumin, 2.9% with 2+ urine albumin. 74.5% didn’t show any albumin in urine
analysis. 61.8% had no sugar in the urine. Trances of sugar in urine were identified in
38.2%. Based on the ATP III criteria, metabolic syndrome was classified. 20.6% had 3
components, 28.4% had 4 components, majority i.e. 51% had 5 components identified.
In the present study, a statistically significant association was observed between
metabolic syndrome components and PPBS, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL
as the p-value calculated to be <0.05. In the present study, the mean serum ferritin
levels were 126.89 ± 51.77. There was a statistically significant association observed
between components of metabolic syndrome and serum ferritin levels as the p-value
calculated to be <0.05. In the present study, a significant relation was observed between
serum ferritin and waist circumference (r=0.33, pvalue<0.05), Total Cholesterol
(r=0.310 pvalue<0.0001), and LDL (r = 0.326; p value <0.0001).

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a clinicopathological syndrome, characterized by the development of histological features comparable to those induced by excessive alcohol intake without alcohol abuse. This study is an attempt to evaluate the clinical, biochemical and histological profile of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in this tertiary hospital in Rayalasema.
Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted in patients of all ages, either gender, who are found to have increased echo texture of liver on routine ultra-sound scan.
Results: The present study was conducted on 60 patients, comprised of 36(60%) males and 24(40%) females. Majority were from the age group of 41 to 50 years there were 22 (36.66%) cases of which 12 (54.54%) were males and 10 (45.46%) were females.  The commonest symptom was fatigability and malaise (66.66%), followed by right upper abdominal discomfort (46.66%), Jaundice (10%), ascites (10%), UGI Bleed (8.3%) patients and 20 (33.33%) patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis and diagnosis was established due to abnormal sonographic finding and abnormal liver function tests during investigations for other causes. Hyperlipidemia (61.67%), diabetes mellitus (58.33%), obesity (46.67%) & overweight (50%) were the most commonly associated risk factors noted. 7 patients underwent biopsy. Of these 4.28% patient showed steatohepatitis, 42.86% patients showed simple fatty change and 14.28% patient had cirrhosis. Other 28.57% had no specific changes.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that features suggestive of the metabolic syndrome are observed more frequently in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, share many of the systemic disorders that constitute insulin resistance syndrome, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a serious universal health problem, is defined as the clustered presence of three or more conditions, including hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and central obesity. The present study assessed the relationship between MetS and Periodontitis. Materials & Methods: In this case control study, 270 patients with metabolic syndrome aged 18-40 years of both genders (Group I) and equal number of age and gender matched healthy controls (n=270,Group II) were enrolled. Periodontal status was assessed using a community periodontal index (CPI). Score 0 (healthy), 1 (bleeding following probing), 2 (presence of dental calculus), 3 (probing pocket depth between 4 and 5 mm) and 4 (probing pocket depth ≥6 mm) was calculated. Results: Out of 540 patients, males were 258 and females were 282. Healthy periodontium was seen in 12% in group I and 45% in group II, bleeding in 5% in group I and 20% in group II, calculus in 20% in group I and 15% in group II, pockets 4- 5mm in 35% in group I and 13% in group II and pockets >6 mm was seen in 28% in group I and 7% in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: There was poor periodontal status in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to healthy subjects

The aim of the study was to review the features of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with cardiopathy, betting on the presentation of the components of the metabolic syndrome. For the research we examined 197 male patients with chronic heart condition (CHF) of ischemic genesis of II-III functional class (FC) in line with NYHA. Metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic heart failure HFmrEF exacerbates impaired renal function, which has developed together of the most pathogenetic links in chronic heart condition. it's been established that because the metabolic syndrome progresses (attachment of T2DM to other components of the metabolic syndrome), the phenomena of functional kidney failure increase. Evidence of the importance of the metabolic syndrome within the nature of the clinical manifestations of chronic coronary failure HFmrEF is that the established dependence of the identified disorders on the severity of the metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: the study aims to assess the relationship between obesity and prostatic markers (total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA), and free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA)). Methods: this study was conducted on 127 men aged ≥40 years at The Department of Urology at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital. Exclusion criteria were a history of previously diagnosed or treated prostate cancer, the use of prostacare or any drugs that affect the levels of PSA in the serum. Results: the age range of the participants of the study was between 40–80 year. The number of men with normal BMI was 26 (20.47%), 47 men were overweight (37%), 33 men were obese (25.98%), and finally, 21 men were severely obese (16.53%). The mean of parameters total and free prostate-specific antigen (tPSA, fPSA), in the study, were (mean ± SD) (1.683±0.563) ng/ml, (0.537±0.189) ng/ml, respectively. Conclusions: there are no significant relationships between BMI, tPSA, and fPSA, at P≤0.05 in a sample of Iraqi men.

Abstract: Background :Looking at non-alcoholic fatty liver infection anthropometric and
biochemical profile with clinical profile and hazard factors. Presentation of NAFLD is
asymptomatic with liver compounds then it advances to cirrhosis later. Commonest reason
for NAFLD is cirrhosis of liver, however reason for essential NAFLD is related with
disabled glucose tolerance, obesity, hypertension, secondary NAFLD and is related with
hypothyroidism, git surgeries, toxins. This study is aimed to see commonness in
understanding with comorbidities albeit accurate aetiology of NAFLD ailment isn't known,
as studies in regards to this in India is inadequate.
Objective To correlate profile & anthropometry of patients of NAFLD

Objective: To describe the features and mechanisms of development of metabolic
syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes melitus (DM2) and intermediate states of glycemia in
psychosis the occurrence of these disorders, the values of total cholesterol (TC),
fractions of high density lipoproteins (HDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL),
triglycerides (TG), values of atherogenic coefficient (AC), insulinemia, С-peptidemia,
insulin resistance (IR) the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a sample of patients
with schizophrenia and in mentally healthy individuals.
Materials and methods: The frequency of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) was
studied. Fasting glycemia was determined, and in the presence of its violation, a glucose
tolerance test was performed. MS components were studied in patients with DM2,
plasma concentrations of TC, HDL, VLDL, TG, C-peptide (CP), insulin and HbA1c were
determined in patients with DM2, AC values and IR indices were calculated using
HOMA-IR and CARO criteria.
Results: CMD in schizophrenia are more common than among mentally healthy subjects,
amounting to 13.1% (p=0.02), and the main condition here is a significant number of
individuals with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
among women (CMD p=0.01; IGT p<0.001; IFG p=0.03). A feature of psychiatric
sampling is a decrease in HDL by 16.4% (p=0.03) and an increase in AC by 52%
(p=0.02). Mentally ill men with MS are characterized by a significantly large value of AC
(p=0.019), insulinemia (p=0.02), CP level (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and CARO
(p=0.04) values than in mentally ill patients with DM2 without MS. In comparison with
the control, regardless of gender, the schizophrenic patients with DM2 have significantly
lower values of insulin (p=0.03), C-peptidemia (p=0.04) and IR, according to the criteria of
HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and CARO (p=0.03).

Background: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Present study aimed to assess the frequency distribution of various components of metabolic syndrome in patients younger than 50 years of age.
Materials and method: The study group consisted of 100 patients less than 50 years of age admitted at Rajindra Hospital with acute coronary disease.
Results: Most common age group was 45-50 years in both males and females, with 66% patients belongs to this age group. 37 patients of ACS with MS, most common component in males was raised blood pressure (SBP and DBP), in females most common component was impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Waist circumference was statistically significantly raised in patients of ACS with MetS as compared to patients of ACS without MetS. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was statistically significantly raised in patients of ACS with MS as compared to patients of ACS without MS. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was statistically significantly raised in patients of ACS with MetS as compared to patients of ACS without MetS. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) Serum triglycerides(TGc) and Serum high density lipoproteins (LDL) was statistically significantly raised in patients of ACS
Conclusion: All the five components of metabolic syndrome i.e. waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, serum high density lipoproteins were significantly associated with patients of acute coronary syndrome with metabolic syndrome as compared to patients of acute coronary syndrome without metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a group of simultaneous conditions that expanding your risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high glucose level, and abundance muscle versus fat around the abdomen or triglyceride levels. The objective of the study is to demographic, biochemical, obesity indices and angiographic profile (severity of CAD) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A prospective and observational study involving a number of 971 patients who had undergone coronary angiogram (CAG) for the 18-month CAD assessment. In present study about half of population had significant abnormality on coronary angiogram. Amongst abnormal coronary angiogram about 50% of patients had single vessel disease. The FRS had positive correlation with severity of coronary artery disease and waist circumference. FRS and metabolic syndrome had critical contribution as score and risk factors with presence of and severity of CAD. To conclude it was suggested to incorporate FRS and components of metabolic syndrome for better management and risk stratification of coronary artery disease at large.