European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: In India there is a decline in MMR compared to 2010 statistics. Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity (SAMM) has been introduced to analyze the quality of the health care system, thus to improve the obstetric care. SAMM and Near Miss events are complimentary to MMR. This concept was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “a woman who, being close to death, survives a complication that occurred during pregnancy, delivery or up to 42 days after the end of her pregnancy”.
Aim: To estimate the magnitude, associated Morbidity, various interventions and maternal and perinatal outcome for near miss cases (MNM) at tertiary care center.
Method: The prospective observational study was conducted in a Government medical college and hospital, Aurangabad from 2018 to 2020 after Institution Ethics Committee approval. Data of 350 near miss cases were analysed and also categorized based on adverse event identified in 1) Pregnancy Specific Obstetric and Medical disorder 2) Pre-Existing disorders aggravated during pregnancy 3) Accidental/Incidental disorders of pregnancy.
Results: The magnitude of near miss cases (MNM) was found to be 1.10 per 1000 live birth and maternal mortality (MMR) observed was 0.41 per 1000 live birth. Maternal near miss to maternal death ratio was 2.71:1. In present study anaemia (65.43%) and PIH (64.29%) was associated risk factors of maternal near miss. Further it was seen that the causes of MNM was Atonic PPH in 64% of cases followed by severe preeclampsia in 54% of cases.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that hemorrhage during pregnancy are the most common cause maternal morbidity in the study group, followed by ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Hence, services at the grass route level helps in early identification, treatment and proper referral of complicated pregnancies should be made available. Proper insemination IEC activities of the primary health care staff about the complication among the antenatal mothers, their referral and further evaluation of the disorder should be given.

Background-According to WHO, 42 million pregnancies end annually in induced abortions, 20 million of which are estimated to be unsafe. Globally, unsafe abortion accounts for 13% of maternal deaths, 99% of which occur in the developing world. This is mainly due to unavailability of the services and the underutilisation of the available services.
Materials and methodology-A prospective observational study of 650women , selected by non-probability convenience sampling method and who met the designed set of criteria, was conducted.
Results- In this study maximum number of participants were 238 (36.62%) in the age group of 21-25 years . Most participants 527 (81.07%) of the women were multigravida and 37.85% were having gestational age (GA) between 8.1-10 week. Maximum number of participants45.54% underwent MTP , among which 235 (36.15%) patients were terminated under ground V. Further 84.62% had no complaints of pain post-operatively. Further analysis reveals that there was significant correlation between GA and duration of procedure as p<0.05.In the study, 97.69% women did not have any associated complications. In the present study, Intrauterine contraceptive device (Copper T )was the most accepted method of contraception post MVA in 182 (28%) women , followed by oral pills in 169 (26%) women , tubal ligation in 130 (20%) women , condoms in 62 (9.53%) women , DMPA injection in 57 (8.76%) women and 50 (7.69%) women refused the use of any sort of contraception.
Conclusion-MVA is both safe & effective in first trimester medical termination of pregnancy and early trimester abortion.MVA  is safe, cost-effective and reduces hospital stay as compared to inpatient based management.

Background:Ovaries are one of the commonest sites of neoplastic lesions. Ovary is complex in its embryology, histology, steroidogenesis and potential for malignancy and presents wide variation in the clinical and morphological features The clinical stage of the neoplasm per se is inadequate to evaluate the optimum mode of therapy and to compare the therapeutic results. Histological classification of ovarian tumors forms an integral part of this evaluation Determination of various histopathologic patterns of ovarian tumors is very important in diagnosis as well as prognosis of ovarian tumors.Aims and Objectives: To classify and to study the histomorphology of various types of benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumors and their relation to age and distribution of ovarian neoplasm.
Materials and Methods: During the period of three years from June 2019 to May 2022, 150 ovarian tumors were studied in the department of Pathology ACSR Govt Medical College, Nellore, AP, India.
Results: The overall incidence of ovarian tumors was 14.83% of total hysterectomy and oophorectomy specimens. The surface epithelial tumor formed the commonest tumor type accounting for 92 (66.67%) of ovarian tumors followed by germ cell tumors with 39 (28.26%) cases. The most frequent presentation of ovarian tumors was in the age group of 21-30 year in both benign and malignant tumours. Majority, 122 (88.4%) were benign and 16 (11.59%) were malignant. 94.93%of the tumors were unilateral, of which majority (85.51%) were benign. Majority of benign tumors 84.06%cases had cystic consistency,majority of malignant tumors 7.97%had mixed consistency.Other rare tumours Transitional cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, immatureteratoma Haemangioma and lymphangioma were encountered.
Conclusion: A proper histological diagnosis and categorization of ovarian neoplasms in conjunction with clinical findings and recent diagnostic modalities assist in making accurate diagnosis which helps in the proper management.

This article reveals the interrogative aspect of question forms in English and Uzbek, including the characteristics of interrogative pronouns ‘Kim’/’Nima’ in Uzbek and ‘Who’/’What’ in English. ‘What’/‘Who’ and ‘Kim’/’Nima’ in two English and Uzbek languages by definition indicate meanings of both “interrogation”, and thus it is anticipated that the semantic characteristics of these forms will not differ significantly. When studying the semantic characteristics of both ‘who/kim’ and ‘what/nima’ are listener-oriented interrogative sentences with strong communicativity possess the commonality in English and Uzbek. It is analyzed, the status of interrogative words “Who’ and ‘What’ (WH-words) for interrogative interpretations in English and Uzbek, including the derivation of constituent questions evolves from a specific interplay of syntactic representations with pragmatics. The given examples in English and Uzbek to compare the interrogative pronouns in morphological usage verify the evident distinctions. However, one perceives many differences when examining the morphologic characteristics of interrogative pronouns ‘Who’ and “What’ in both English and Uzbek languages. In a cross-linguistic overview, we discuss the characteristic elements contributing to the derivation of interrogatives in Uzbek. It also replies in the article that WH-words can form a constitutive part not only of interrogative, but also of exclamative and declarative clauses. Based on this, characteristic of interrogatives in exclamation and rhetoric usage the question usage does not solicit an answer.

Background -The main purpose of this paper is to focus on identifying the significance of ethical
ecosystem in ensuring that crisis like Covid-19 could be effectively dealt or prevented in future.
An ethical ecosystem is formed with the contribution of different individuals, groups,
organisations and institutions that collaboratively work to protect the environment and promote
sustainable use of resources.
Materials and methods-The qualitative research of the scientists, doctors and other
knowledgeable persons has been used which provides reliable source of information about the
disease and its link with the management of ecology over the globe.
Results-Findings of this research helped in identifying the significant role is being played by
different national and international industries and organisations for overcoming the Corona
pandemic. Findings of this paper informed that ethical ecosystem management is an important
approach that ensures the appropriate and sustainable use of the ecosystem and environment.
Conclusion-The problem of Corona pandemic that started from China, spread throughout the
world and raised various questions about the ethics of humans actions towards nature and
environment. This paper concludes that different industries, sectors and institutions that work
within the wider society have their own ethical responsibilities towards the broader ecosystem.
Therefore, the ethical actions that are currently being taken by different organisations around
the world could be a significant example for future approaches of ethical ecosystem
management.

A stroke is the third most common cause of death and the fourth most common cause of infection. Stroke is characterized by the WHO as a clinical condition involving the rapid development of clinical indications of a central aggravation of cerebral capacity lasting more than 24 hours or causing death without a clear reason other than a vascular source. In the present study, a large part of the cases of intense ischemic stroke were found among the males. In the present study, mean cholesterol values, triglyceride values are directly proportional to the severity of the ischemic stroke, among the study subjects. In the present study, 8% cases died, while 92% discharged at home. The current study proved the association of serum uric acid levels with the severity of the acute ischemic stroke.

The COVID-19 epidemic in China is a world health threat. So far now it is the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. Within weeks of the onset of COVID-19 the total number of cases and deaths exceeded those of SARS .SARS is similar to COVID-19, and SARS is a beta-coronavirus that can be spread to humans through intermediate hosts such as bats, though the actual route of transmission of COVID-19 is still debatable. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. It has been debated among the political leaders claiming that there is error from the part of WHO in giving a wrong impression at the golden hour where the pandemic could have been averted. A survey conducted with a self prepared questionnaire comprising 15 questions with a sample of 100 people of Tamil Nadu state. The questionnaire was prepared with questions comprising of covid 19 and who January WHO report, these questions help to determine perception on COVID-19 and WHO January report and that help to depict their knowledge and awareness on this topic and what is their critical perception of the role of WHO in handling the COVID pandemic. WHO plays a role in the process of updating the methods to prevent and cure the pandemic outbreak COVID-19. WHO is found to test the positive and negative responses shown by the possible methods present against COVID-19 and displays the most trusted method among the available methods.In the previous study, more than half of the participants are found to show high concern about swine influenza pandemic. In the present study, around 71% of the participants are aware of the COVID-19 pandemic and the controversial role played by WHO in spreading the COVID-19 pandemic. This study concludes that during this pandemic outbreak most of the participants are aware of the role of WHO in the process of controlling and updating information related to the global pandemic condition. It is evident from this study that people are sceptical about the role played by WHO in managing COVID-19