European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The present prospective study on “incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy” was conducted on the patients admitted in the cardiac care unit. Total of 200 patients were taken. All the subjects included in the study underwent coronary / renal angiography using 50-60 ml of iohexol non-ionic radiopaque contrast media.All the patients were subjected to a detailed history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations which were recorded in the predesigned performa for this study.Following observations were made, More male patients (110; 55%) were observed than female patients (90; 45%) during the study period.Male to female ratio was 1.2:1.Most male patients 36 (32.7%) were observed in 50-59 years age group, followed by 28 (25.5%) in 60-69 years age group,followed by 17 (15.5%) in > 70 years age group.Similarly, female patients were 29 (32.22%) in 50-55 yr age group, followed by 20 (22.22%) in60-69 years age group followed by 16 (17.77%) in > 70 years age group. Conclusion: Contrast media (CM) are increasingly used in diagnostic and interventional procedure. This results in the rising incidence of iatrogenic renal function impairment caused by exposure to CM, a condition known as CIN

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of urinary Kim-1 level in type II diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and to evaluate its relation to various clinical and laboratory parameters as an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy.
Methodology: The prospective study was conducted at Department of Medicine at Dr M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur. Attached to Dr. S.N. Medical College to study the detection of Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1): An early biomarker for nephropathy in type II diabetic patients attending the Medicine Outdoor and Indoor at M.D.M. Hospital, Jodhpur. It includes 75 patients whose serum creatinine level was less than 1.5mg/dL. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL according to WHO criteria.
Results: Kim-1 is found raised in 68% patients and with normal albuminuria and microalbuminuria also significantly correlated with other variables i.e. fasting blood sugar, HbA1c p value is less than 0.001 for all these variables. So kim-1 can be used to diagnosis early nephropathy as a sensitive, rapid, noninvasive test in diabetes. With these we conclude KIM-1 is a good for early detection of Diabetic nephropathy and it is nicely correlating with urinary microalbumin level which is gold standard for detection of early nephropathy.

Background: Pulse pressure (PP) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease microalbuminuria in non-diabetic people. Reduced circadian blood pressure (BP) variation has been identified as a risk factor for diabetic complications. In a sample of type 2 diabetic patients, we looked at the relationship between retinopathy, nephropathy, macrovascular disease, PP, and diurnal BP change.
Method: We performed a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) and fundoscopy on 100 type 2 diabetes patients, and urine albumin excretion was measured using the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio. It was determined whether or not macrovascular disease existed.

Albumin is the main protein that is usually located in the blood, but when the kidneys are functioning well, virtually no albumin is found in the urine. When the blood flows into balanced kidneys it flushes excess products and provides the items that the body requires, such as protein. Our study aimed to assess and standardize the spot (random) urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) method for the proteinuria assessment. A urine albumin test (formerly known as microalbumin) detects and measures the amount of albumin in the urine for kidney disease checking. Based on spot urine albumin, 50 percent of patients had micro albuminuria and 40 % had normal urine albumin levels and remaining had macroalbuminuria. Mean urine albumin levels were 107.38 mg/dl.