European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Pregnancy-related hypertension can alter the outcomes of pregnancy if left unmanaged. The complications associated with pregnancy-related hypertension include pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Various medicines are available that can avoid these complications and lead to better outcomes of pregnancy. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 250 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) that were prospectively enrolled over two years at a tertiary healthcare facility. After randomization of the patients into two groups, methyldopa or labetalol was administered to patients. The difference between the two groups was evaluated for the mode of labour, delivery, perinatal mortality, mean birth weight, Apgar score and neonatal intensive care (NICU) admissions. Result: There was no significant difference observed in the mode of labour, delivery, perinatal mortality, mean birth weight, Apgar score and neonatal intensive care (NICU) admissions between the patients undergoing management with methyldopa or labetalol. Conclusion: Overall, labetalol was found to have slightly better and safer outcomes for both the mother and the fetus in comparison to methyldopa.

The goal of obstetrics is a pregnancy that results in a healthy infant and a healthy minimally traumatized mother. Much of the art of good obstetric care involves the delicate balance of avoiding cesarean delivery with all its attendant complications. Planned pre-induction cervical ripening and induction of labor has become an established part of modern obstetric practice. Different methods used for the induction of labor in women with an unfavorable bishops score are, mechanical methods such as trans cervical extra-amniotic Foley‘s catheter(FC)insertion, intra cervical balloon catheter and medical methods like vaginal prostaglandin(PGE2) and misoprostol(PGE1)are used for IOL in women with an unfavorable cervix for pre-induction cervical priming. The present prospective study was conducted in a teritiary care hospital after obtaining clearance from institutional ethical committee with no GMC/IEC/140/2019 to compare the efficacy of intra cervical Foleys catheter with Dinoprostone gel (PGE2) in cervical ripening and induction of labor, maternal and neonatal outcome. Maternal outcome compared in terms of pre-induction bishop score and change in bishop score after induction, need for reinstallation and augmentation of labor, the interval between intervention and delivery, mode of delivery, indication for cesarean section, induction delivery interval. Neonatal outcome compared in terms of apgar score at 1min and 5min, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Two hundred antenatal mothers with bishop score<5were randomly allocated to be induced with intracervical foleys catheter (group A) and PGE2 gel (group B). In this study, both Foley’s balloon dilatation and PGE2 gel group had patients of almost similar age group, parity, and gestational age. In the present study, in both the groups (foleys and PGE2 gel groups), post-datism was the commonest indication for induction- 52% and 45%, respectively, followed by pre-eclampsia-19%and 32%. The mean improvement in Bishop score was higher in the PGE2 gel group when compared to the Foley’s. The need for oxytocin augmentation to deliver was higher with Foley’s balloon dilatation when compared to the PGE2 gel group. The mean induction delivery interval in Foley’s group was 13.17hours. The mean induction delivery interval in the PGE2 gel group was 11.43hours. In both the groups, the maternal and fetal outcomes are found to be similar. In both the groups, the rate of normal vaginal and cesarean section delivery was also found to be equal. This study shows that prostaglandin E2 gel is a better and more effective agent than foley’s balloon dilatation in cervical ripening and induction of labour

Labor induction rates have more than doubled in the United States over the last two
decades. Indications and risk factors for induction of labor are also gaining in
popularity. Professional organizations such as the American College of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists and The Joint Commission have taken steps to
discourage elective induction of labor prior to 39 weeks' gestation and have defined
new terms such as early-term, full-term, late-term, and postterm gestation to assist
clinicians in determining the appropriate timing of birth for specified indications.
Induction of labor carries the risk of harm to both the mother and her fetus. The
cost of inducing labor and its influence on the health care system are a major
source of worry. Women's education and the shared decision-making process used
to get informed permission are critical elements in lowering early elective deliveries.
The use of scheduling forms, hard stop procedures, induction of labor indication
tools, and informed consents may assist the provider in reducing overdiagnosis,
overtreatment, and disease creep. This article discusses induction of labor trends,
medical indications and criteria, related dangers, cost and health system impact,
and measures to reduce induction of labor.

Childbirth experience is one of the important outcomes of childbirth, so creating a positive experience of childbirth should always be considered as one of the goals of health care providers and programs. Present study investigate the Iranian women’s experience of physiological childbirth and its related factors. This cross-sectional study from June until Dec 2019 was conducted on 185 women based on estimating the average population formula, who had the experience of physiological childbirth in Fatemieh hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Samples were selected by convenience method. Data collection tools included demographic and midwifery questionnaire, childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ) and midwifery care observation checklist. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 24) and descriptive and analytical tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov for assessment of normal data distribution and multiple linear regression test were applied. Significance level in the tests was considered less than 0.05.The overall mean score of childbirth experience was 71.85 ± 10.77 (score range of 22-88). Maternal satisfaction with the midwifery care, and the behavior of care providers were reported to be 67.13% and 75%, respectively. In 172 (92.97%) of cases, the backup midwife was present at the mother's bedside. On the other hand, the mean score of childbirth experience in the areas of “support of obstetric care providers”, especially back-up midwives (3.44 ± 0.53), and “own capacity” (3.12 ± 0.53) were higher and lower than other areas, orderly. As satisfaction with physiological childbirth was high, suggesting this type of midwifery care conveys great sense of security and satisfaction. This indicates that, the constant presence of midwifery staffs when women need them and minimal use of medical interventions, play an effective role in creating a positive experience of childbirth.

This research is quantitative. The data used were secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data analysis employed was multiple linear regression analysis, which was processed using SPSS 23. The results revealed that investment had a significant and positive effect, with the t-count value of 9,300 higher than the t-table of 1,968 with a significance level of 0,000. Labor had a significant and positive effect, with the t-count value of 8.691 higher than the t-table of 1.968 with a significance level of 0.000. The consumption level had a significant and positive effect, with the t-count value of 7.474 higher than the t-table of 1.968 with a significance level of 0.000. Simultaneously, the variables of investment, labor, and consumption levels had a significant and positive effect on economic growth. From the regression results, the R-Squared (R²) value was 0.744. It indicated that the independent variables could explain the variation in economic growth in Indonesia by 74.4%. Meanwhile, the remaining 25.6% was explained by other variables outside the research.

This article describes the reasons for the division of the territory of Uzbekistan into economic zones and the consequences of these reasons. And also in this article the example of the 20-70s of the XX century is given. The study of the processes of development of society in the modern history of Uzbekistan makes it possible to clearly identify a number of important contradictions that legally led to a crisis. These contradictions are based on the discrepancy between the level of development of productive forces and the nature of existing production relations, which has deepened over time. During the formation and development of a single economic complex of the Soviet Union, the real interests, special conditions and opportunities of Uzbekistan were ignored in Soviet times, when the policy of the Soviet government was a very centralized and command-oriented, monopoly system of the Communist Party.