European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Bowel ischemia is one of the serious and most catastrophic abdominal emergencies which lead to high mortality if unidentified and untreated. CT is described as the most useful diagnostic tool in diagnosing bowel ischemia and identifying the cause. The aim of the present study is to find about the imaging findings of bowel ischemia due to various causes.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective study undertaken to evaluate the role of CT in bowel ischemia in indoor and outdoor patients being referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis and department of surgery, NRI Medical College & GH, Chinnakakani. All the study patients were investigated on 16 slice MDCT. All the study patients will be investigated on 16 slice MDCT.
Results: In our study out of 56 patients, 34 were females making about 60% of cases and 22 were males making about 40% of cases. Among 56 cases diagnosed and confirmed with CECT, 42 were of occlusive type and 8 were of non-occlusive type, 6 cases were due to obstruction. In the 42 cases, 28 cases were of arterial etiology and 14 cases are due to venous causes.
Conclusions: Thus MDCT can demonstrate the ischemic bowel segment, length of the segment involved and helps in determining the primary cause. The various patterns of bowel ischemia as described can aid in the diagnosis of bowel ischemia and thus in the further management.

Aim: To evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography in acute pancreatitis and
severity of the disease using Modified CT Severity Index.
Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the
department of Radio diagnosis, Imaging & Interventional radiology N.S.C.B Subharti
Medical College, CSS Hospital, Meerut among 51 patients in any age group referred to the
radiology department with clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis for a period from October
2019 to August 2021.Detailed clinical history was taken from the patient relevant clinical
examination done and serum urea and creatinine of the patient was checked.Severity of acute
pancreatitis was analysed using MCTSI.
Results: Most common etiology was found to be gall stones (47.06%) followed by
alcoholism (21.57%). In cases of acute pancreatitis vascular complications such as venous
thrombosis were more commonly associated with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (15.79%)
than acute interstitial pancreatitis (3.13%) and pseudo-aneurysm was seen in association with
acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Majority of the cases were of moderate severity (52.94%). In
subjects categorized as severe according to CT Severity index, recurrence, chronic
pancreatitis and mortality were noted in 3, 5 and 2 subjects respectively. Hence, Modified CT
Severity index was found to have excellent predictability (kappa value=0.85, p<0.01) of
outcome among the subjects with pancreatitis.
Conclusion:MDCT proved to be the imaging modality of choice in patients of AP.MDCT
successfully used to calculate MCTSI which revealed astrong correlation with clinical
outcome and was helpful in assessing disease progression and patient mortality

Aim: To localize and characterize neck lesions with respect to anatomical delineation, extension to adjacent structures and bony involvement.
Materials and Methods: For this prospective study the data was collected from patients attending department of radio-diagnosis at LG Hospital, AMCMET medical college, Maninagar Ahmedabad. Total 150 patients presented with symptoms of palpable neck mass and neck pain were recruited. Patients were evaluated with Multidetector CT (Mx Philips 16 slice) and patients who were diagnosed having neck mass on CT scan study. The pathological lesions were evaluated with respect to the density, size of the lesion, location of the lesion, enhancement pattern, presence of calcification, presence of fat, extension into adjoining structures and presence or absence of venous thrombosis and bony involvement.
Results: Most common benign neck mass was in the age group of 31-40 years. Incidence of malignant lesions was observed between 61-70 years (40%). Higher incidence among males was noted with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Necrosis was present in 67.6% of the malignant lesions. Bony involvement was seen in 34 cases (40.47%) of the malignant lesions. Vascular involvement in the form of jugular vein thrombosis was seen in 10.71% of malignant lesions. Extension into the adjacent space was seen in 43 (51.19%) of malignant lesions.
Conclusion: The most common space involvement was parapharyngeal space (24%) followed by pharyngeal mucosal space (18%). MDCT has 96% accuracy in diagnosing neck lesions. MDCT has 100% accuracy in predicting bony involvement in head and neck cancers.

With the speed of MDCT acquisition, most young children can be imaged either with sedation or unsedated with feed and wrap. Contrast medium injection should optimally be through a large (20g minimum) cannula with pump injection, but a hand injection may also produce adequate results. Contrast agent bolus timing is important and may be crucial for optimal image quality, vessel delineation and diagnostic confidence. The study was carried out after the approval from the ethics committee. All the patients were explained about the possible adverse effects of contrast medium injection and radiation exposure. Informed signed consent was taken. We can see that in our study MDCT has a very high sensitivity ranging from 80% to 100% and specificity ranging from 80 to 90%. The P value is highly significant.

There are many different types of congenital heart defects. They range from simple defects with no symptoms to complex defects with severe, life-threatening symptoms. Defects such as coarctation of the aorta may not cause problems for many years. Other problems, such as a small ventricular septal defect (VSD), may never cause any problems, and some people with a VSD have normal physical activity and a normal life span. The study was carried out after the approval from the ethics committee. All the patients were explained about the possible adverse effects of contrast medium injection and radiation exposure. Informed signed consent was taken. The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing overriding of the aorta using MDCT was 100% and 60% respectively. The P value was 0.0013 which was statistically highly significant. In our study the specificity was 60% as compare to the specificity of 100% this indicates that it is relatively good value. This indicates that the number of cases interpreted as positive for overriding of the aorta were more in comparison to the peroperative findings.

Early oesophageal cancer has shown a good 5-year survival rate of 57%-78%. Its high mortality rate makes it a major concern. Overall survival rate is 62.5% at 1 year, 42.4% at 2 years and 30% at 5 years. The prognosis is poor in locally advanced diseases and worse in cases with distant metastasis. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and adenocarcinomas are the most common oesophageal cancers. Patients with the signs and symptoms relating to dysphagia, weight loss, and/or hematemesis were referred from various Departments. Out of all these patients, 78 patients were selected on the basis of histopathological examination (HPE) report showing the confirmed presence of carcinoma of the esophagus. All the patients with upper third growths (14 patients, 24.6%) had squamous carcinoma while 25 out of 28 patients (44%) had middle third growths had squamous carcinoma and 18 out of 36 patients (31%) with lower third growths had SCC. Adenocarcinoma was observed to be seen maximum in lower third location (85.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma was observed to be seen maximum in the middle third location (43.9%) followed by lower third location (31.6%). Adenocarcinoma was observed to be seen maximum in lower third location (85.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma was observed to be seen maximum in middle third location (43.9%) followed by lower third location (31.6%).

INTRODUCTION: The neck is a part of the body that has many vital structures in a relatively small region with complex anatomy. Various pathologies of the neck may present as neck swellings. The mass may be first noticed by the patient, other individual or by the physician as an incidental finding during physical examination. With the improvement of CT imaging techniques, shorter examination time, higher resolution imaging, Multidetector CT is particularly useful in evaluation of neck masses. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the role of MDCT in neck masses for characterization of nature of lesion (benign or malignant) and organ of origin and to Correlate with tissue diagnosis wherever possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients presenting with clinical suspicion of neck masses and referred for MDCT neck to the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, DMCH, Ludhiana were included in this study. RESULTS: 18.9% patients were in 31-40 years age group. Mean age for malignant lesions was 58.3 years. Most common space involved was visceral space (48.9%) and the most common diagnosis was benign thyroid nodule(s) (30%). Many of malignant lesions showed ill-defined margins (68.18%), necrosis (62.5%), heterogeneous enhancement (68.2%), bony infiltration (20.8%), obliteration of fat planes (8.3%), metastasis (45.8%), involvement of adjacent neck spaces (37.5%), vascular involvement in form of internal jugular vein thrombosis (8.3%) of cases. In diagnosing malignant lesions, CT had a sensitivity of 95.83%, specificity of 96.30%, positive predictive value of 92.00%, negative predictive value of 98.11% and accuracy of 96.15%. CONCLUSION: MDCT has high accuracy for characterization of a lesion as benign or malignant. It provides the best possible contrast of soft tissue (with the choice of appropriate delay, contrast agent volume, flow rate and scanning time), visualization of vascular structures, extent of lesion, bone and airway details, thus helps in making diagnosis and deciding further course of management.