European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Direct laryngoscopy followed by endotracheal intubation is prone to
haemodynamic fluctuations which may be detrimental in subjects with coronary artery
disease, hypertension, and cerebral vascular disease. The aim is we wanted to compare
Dexmedetomidine with Magnesium sulphate to determine the better drug with regard
to attenuation of the haemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and endotracheal
intubation.

Background and Aims: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are associated with
strong sympathetic responsein the form of tachycardia and hypertension. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Dexmedetomidine in attenuation
of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Materials and methods: In this prospective, randomized, double blinded study,A total
of hundred patients of ASA grade I and II between 18 to 50 years of age scheduled for
various elective surgical procedures under general anesthesiawere selected and
randomized into two groups of fifty patients each. Group C received 10 ml of normal
saline intravenously over 10 min, 10 minutes prior to induction. Group D received
injection Dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg body weight diluted to 10 ml normal saline
intravenously over 10 min, 10 minutes prior to induction. Baseline parameters like
Heart rate [HR], Systolic blood pressure [SBP], Diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and
Mean arterial pressure [MAP] were recorded in all patients before giving studydrug, 2
,5 and 8 minutes after studydrug, just beforeinduction, immediately after induction,
1,3,4,10 minute after laryngoscopy andintubation.
Results: There was no significant difference in the Age, Gender, body weight of patients
between Group C and Group D. After induction, In group D, there was no statistically
significant increase in the mean HR, SBP, DBP and MAP compared to basal value
whereas in group C, there was a statistically significant increase in mean HR, SBP, DBP
and MAP compared to basal value in group C.
Conclusion: In the present study, Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5μ/kg body weight
given 10 minutes before induction significantly attenuated the haemodynamic responses
to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without significant side effects.

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation often provoke an undesirable increase in arterial blood pressure and/or heart rate1,2,3. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists like dexmedetomidine have been extensively used to suppress the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Methods: The study was conducted among 60 ASA grade I and II patients between 18-60 years of age, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. The study population was subdivided randomly into 2 groups each consisting 30 patients. Group D received Dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg IV diluted to 10 ml with normal saline. Group S received Normal saline 10 ml IV.
Results: There was a significant fall in HR in group D at 5 and 10 minutes after drug administration. The mean HR increase observed at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation in group NS was statistically significant. The mean SBP values at 5 and 10 minutes after drug administration were significantly low in group D. The increase in SBP in group NS at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation was statistically significant. The mean DBP values at 5 and 10 minutes after drug administration were significantly low in group D. The increase in DBP in group NS at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation was statistically significant. There was a significant difference in MAP values at 5 and 10 minutes after drug administration which was statistically significant. The increase in MAP in group NS was statistically significant at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation.
Conclusion: We conclude that Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg before laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation effectively attenuates the hemodynamic response as compared to normal saline without major adverse effects.

Background: In recent anaesthesia practice, videolaryngoscopy is gradually replacing conventional Macintosh laryngoscopy in adult and paediatric patients particularly in difficult intubation scenario. In this study, we compared McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in cleft lip and palate surgeries.
Aim: To compare and assess the ease of placement of endotracheal tube in cleft lip and palate surgeries using McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope.  Methods: Sixty children less than 5 years of age, belonging to ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I and II category, who were posted for cleft lip and palate repair were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. In group I, Macintosh laryngoscope was used for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation and in Group II, McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope was used. Parameters like range of visibility of  vocal cords (Cormack Lehane in Group I vs Fremantle score in Group II), requirement of external laryngeal manipulation (ELM), time taken for intubation and haemodynamic changes were assessed.Results: The time taken for endotracheal intubation was significantly higher in Group II (20.10±2.83s in Group I vs 24.57±3.52s in Group II, p<0.001). Requirement of ELM was significantly higher in Group I (24/30 vs 2/30, p < 0.001). The heart rates recorded at 1 min, 3 mins and 5 mins of laryngoscopy were significantly higher in Group I (139.7±12.06, 128.47±9.1, 119.37±8.96 vs 125.90±12.24, 120.00±8.35 and 113.03±9.76 in Group II respectively). Cormack Lehane gradings were comparable in both the groups. Conclusion: Laryngoscopy with McGrath VL significantly prolongs intubation time compared to conventional Macintosh laryngoscope in cleft lip and palate surgeries. The requirement for external laryngeal manipulation was less with McGrath VL and also less tachycardia was observed with McGrath VL than Macintosh laryngoscope.