European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. It affects millions of people worldwide and is the fourth leading cause of death in India. One of the most important and effective treatment to achieve glycemic control in diabetic patients are various oral hypoglycemic agents with adequate lifestyle modifications and physical activities. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are one such emerging oral hypoglycemic agents that achieve the desired goal with some complimentary benefits. This prospective observational study using four different SGLT2 inhibitors amongst 68 patients with Type II diabetes namely Canagliflozin 100 mg, Dapagliflozin 10 mg, Empagliflozin 25 mg, Remogliflozin 100mg has shown promising results in managing glycemic control along with complimentary benefits including weight loss

Background:SGLT2 inhibitor treatment has been shown to have additional benefits
such as weight loss, renoprotective and cardioprotective effects. The present study was
conducted to assess role of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly obese uncomplicated DM
patients.
Materials & Methods:84type II DM patients of both genders were prescribed
empagliflozin or dapagliflozin. FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, liverenzymes and kidney function
tests, complete urinalysis,serum lipids, protein excretion in spot urine were
recordedbefore and after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor.
Results: Out of 84 patients, males were 50 and 34 were females. SGLT2 inhibitor used
wereEmpagliflozin in 40 and Dapagliflozin in 44. Comorbidities were hyperlipidemia in
57, hypertension in 62, CAD in 12 and heart failure in 7 patients. Complications were
diabetic nephropathy in 15, diabetic retinopathy in 10 and diabetic neuropathy in 22
patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Laboratory findings before and after
treatment in FBG (mg/dl) was 198.2 and 154.3, PPBG (mg/dl) was 276.2 and 235.9,
HbA1c (%) was 9.5 and 7.1, hemoglobin (g/dl) was 13.5 and 14.2, hematocrit (%) was
43.2 and 45.0, urea (mg/dl) was 36.4 and 38.7, creatinine (mg/dl) was 0.8 and 0.9 and
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) was 84.2 and 79.5 respectively. The difference was significant
(P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Glycemic control was successfully achieved with SGLT2 inhibitor
treatment in type II DM patients.

Background: Restriction of cerebral blood flow can disturb cellular homeostasis due to insufficient oxygen and nutrient delivery. However, the re-establishment of cerebral blood flow can aggravate the impairment of ischemic brain tissue contributing to a series of oxidative,  inflammatory events resulting in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury, which eventually results in neuronal death and neurological disability. Method: An experimental model of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to five groups, sham group, I/R group, I/R+(DMSO as a vehicle),I/R+ intraperitoneal (i.p) Empagliflozin 5mg/kg 1 hour before induction of BCCAO, and I/R+intraperitoneal Empagliflozin 10mg/kg 1hour before induction of BCCAO. The brain tissue levels of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and F2-isoprostane were measured in each group in our study. Results: The two doses of (5mg/kg and 10mg/kg) Empagliflozin were significantly reduced the brain tissue level of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and F2-isoprostane as compared to I/R and I/R+vehicle groups.Conclusions: From the results above we concluded that Empagliflozin has a neuroprotective effect seeing that it’s antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.