European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

To study and compare the effect of Poly herbal plant extract (PHPE) with Glibenclamide (GL) on various parameters in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by combining High Fat-diet and injecting low dose Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body wt.) to Sprague-dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with chloroform leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, aqueous leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis and ethanolic seed extract of Trigonella foenum graecum combined in ratio of 1:2:3 respectively at dose of 600 mg/kg body weight by oral gavaging for 28 days. The results were compared with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide given in dose of 500 µg/kg body weight. Results: Increase in body weight of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to diabetic control rats. Decline in FBG levels of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats were found to be highly significant statistically (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats at the end of study. Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides level in diabetic rats treated with PHPE were found to be highly statistically significant (p<0.001) compared to diabetic control rats. Pancreas of PHPE treated diabetic rats revealed partial restoration in size and number of islet of langerhans. Reduction in widening between acinar and islet cells noted. Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats showed much more improvement in pancreatic cell architecture by returning to its normal structure and size. Conclusion: In present study PHPE has shown to decrease elevated FBG level and improve in body weight at the end of study in diabetic rats which can be suggested due to modification in carbohydrate metabolic pathways, stimulation of insulin production by the pancreas, increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the cells and regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas.

Background:Depression is a medical condition, illness of the brain in which an individual is conquered by the feeling of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and so on. Depression is one of the commonest human blight, mental illness causing more ‘years lost to disability’ (YLD) than any other illness and the sufferer learns to live with it, adapts it both mentally and physically. WHO fact sheets states that depression affects nearly 350 million people; yet, difficult to recognise initially, then diagnose and ultimately treat. Since the disease creates disinterest in day-to-day activities, it also affects dietary pattern of the person, leading to inadequate, imbalanced diet essential for maintaining mental health. B Complex vitamins; pyridoxal phosphate, folate and cobalamin plays an important role in maintaining good physical and mental health as these act as co-enzymes and co-factors in metabolic processes. Biosynthesis of GABA, the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain requires PLP. Aim and Objective: Estimateserum levels of vitamin B6, B9, B12along with GABA, TSH and total cholesterol in controls and the cases. To evaluate the association of study biochemical variables with disease severity.
Materials and Methods: Present study is an experimental case control study performedon 204 people (102 controls and 102 patients) including both males and females between 18-65 years of age. Participants demoFigureic factors were recorded and biochemical variables were assayed. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items(HDRS) was used to rate the severity of depression.
Results: Most patients 47.1% enrolled in the study had mild form of depression. Females, married individuals, less educated and those belonging to middle income group of individuals of the study were more depressed. Serum levels of vitamin B6, B9, B12 were much lower in depressed subjects. Whereas, GABA levels were elevated in depressive patients.
Conclusion: Findings of the resultant study shows low levels of pyridoxal phosphate, folate, cobalamin and total cholesterol and higher GABA levels in newly diagnosed depression patients.

Background:- the aim of the present study was to evaluate component of variety color of gallstone samples using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Technique (FTIR) , also study the cost and simple method of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Technique (FTIR) compare with result of quantitative chemical analysis like total cholesterol, calcium , total bilirubin , total protein . Material and method:- the material in the study were gallstones removed from 140 patient ( 94 female, 46 male) after surgical. All samples were stored in sterile dried counter and used for FTIR spectral analysis and quantitative chemical analysis. Result :-the results of FTIR were suggested that cholesterol and mixed gallstones content were a major component , cholesterol gallstones were characterized by the band 2949,1456,1053 cm -1 , while in mixed stones the band of cholesterol between 2800-3000 cm1 due to asymmetrical stretch vibration of CH2 and CH3group, and quantitative chemical analysis were explained the cholesterol stones and mixed stones were higher cholesterol compared to pigmented stones which were richer in total bilirubin and total protein. Conclusion:-the investigation were suggested thatFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Technique (FTIR) is the less cost and simple method to find component of differential gallstone samples and this method conformed the cholesterol and mixed with calcium carbonate , bilirubin and total protein is the major component of human gallstones from Babylon,Iraq.