European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Despite advances, little is known about the epidemiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of this study was to understand Clinical, Radiological, and functional Profile of ILD patients attending tertiary care center in Pune, India.
Method: Prospective observational, study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research, Pune. 50 known ILD patients, age 20 and above, who were attending OPD clinic and were willing to sign informed consent were recruited during July 2017 - September 2018. The information collected was age, gender, smoking habit, co-morbidities, symptoms, signs of ILD, ascultatory findings, area involved on auscultation, x-ray, CT scan and spirometer findings. Statistical analysis was done with mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages.
Results: Among 50 ILD patients, there was male dominance (58% vs 42%). Average age was 58.02 ±14.66 years. Most common symptoms were cough (100%) and dyspnea (94%). Most common radiological finding was reticular (54%) and nodular (52%). No patients showed sputum +ve for AFB. Infra- axillary and interscapular area involvement (each) was observed in 82% patients. Restrictive pattern was most common in spirometry (48%). CT scan showed presence of honeycombing pattern in 66% of patients. Diagnosis detected usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 50% while non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 22% patients. UIP involved patients’ lower lobe involvement (25 left and 24 right).

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction that results in death are significant in COVID-19 infection, with a greater mortality risk in elderly people with comorbidities. Along with inflammatory markers (like C-reactive protein, Pro-calcitonin, Lactate-dehydrogenase, Ferritin, D-Dimer, Interleukin-6), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), and absolute-lymphocyte count(ALC) are new adjuncts in COVID-19 management.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital of Indore.
METHOD:
The study included patients in third-wave who tested positive (RT-PCR/RAT) for SARS-CoV2 and hospitalized with routine blood investigations like complete blood count and differential values of serum biochemical tests C-reactive protein, D-dimers, liver-function test, renal-function test and ABG were done at admission.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: chi square and fisher’s exact test.
RESULTS:
A value >= 4.94 for NLR and >=263 for PLR was suggestive of severe COVID-19 disease. While absolute-lymphocyte count (<= 1210 lymphocytes/mcl) was suggestive of severe COVID-19 disease along with D-Dimer value of >0.6 ngFEU/l and C-reactive protein of > 16.6 mg/l.
CONCLUSION:
As COVID-19 pneumonia is secondary to inflammation, we showed that a more severe inflammation, as evaluated through inflammatory markers, correlates with more severe disease via different grading scores/systems (ARDS Grading, APACHE-2 Scoring, Covid-19 infection severity and Final outcome). Higher levels in NLR, PLR, CRP and D-Dimer while lower absolute-lymphocytes count should prompt the clinician to proceed aggressively in management of Covid-19 patients.

Marketing strategists have utilized social media platforms to increase sales, establish brand identity, and raise awareness. However, there are difficulties in converting public participation into financial growth. As a result, the current study looked into the challenges and success of social media marketing in attracting customers. The food retail market in India was the focus of the study because it has a diverse retail pattern and a simultaneous rise in social media use and internet use. The quantitative component of the research helped identify the relevant factors that customers perceive as having a significant impact on social media marketing's efficacy. Interviews with social media strategists were part of the qualitative research component, which helped decipher the implemented strategies as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with social media marketing. Two major Jakarta-based retailers served as the subjects of the study. According to the quantitative results of the survey, consumers did not consider the social aspect of social media marketing to be helpful in achieving their goals. Customers' perceptions of the relevance of social media marketing were found to be significantly influenced by factors such as belief (relevance of social media in obtaining up-to-date information and the capacity to share experiences), community participation (active participation in a retailer's social media page and stimulating the retail brand), monetary (obtaining better prices and free coupons for making purchases), and psychological (seeking a sense of affiliation and belonging in the community and establishing and maintaining relationships with other members).

Art Therapy is a formof psychotherapy that involves usage of art making as a part of therapeutic process to facilitate expression and insight creation on part of the clients during the session. This formof psychotherapy encourages expression and projection of emotions on part of the client in the most non-intimidating and non-
invasive manner and hence yields to a safe space of interaction and sharing amongst both the therapist as well as the client. To understand the usage of Art Therapy as an Emerging Approach to Improve Mental, Emotional and
Physical Health Concerns, given research study has an objective to reflect upon and understand the potential that art
psychotherapy in positively influencing the management or improvement of mental, physical and emotional health concerns. The study is a non-quantitative systematic review comprising of analysis of fourteenstudies which were screened out of forty selected studies for review purpose. The studies were selected fromthe database available of the past ten years to ensure relevancy in results and conclusions derived. Results showed positive significant relationship existing between Art Therapy and Mental, Physical as well as Emotional health concerns such as improvement in mood, symptoms of depression, anxiety and physical pain, induced more relaxation, enhanced self- efficacy etc. The findings of the study supported that hypotheses and hence could be considered as a resource to further support and encourage introduction and implementation of art therapy in India as a standard approach to psychotherapy. Art Psychotherapy or Art Therapy can be referred to as an emerging psychotherapy holding potential to serve mental emotional and physical health concerns.

Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana is one of the biggest social welfare schemes of NDA Government, launched by our Hon. Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014 as a land mark initiative to ensure financial inclusion for the weaker section of the society for providing Banking Saving and Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in affordable manner. On 20th January, 2015, the scheme entered in to Guinness Book of world records. PMJDY is based on the motto- ‘sabka khata bhagya vidhata’. Universal access to banking facilities with at least one bank account for every household is the main objective of this scheme. This research article therefore, is an attempt to find out the role of PMJDY in financial inclusion and growth of India as well how effectively this scheme will be implemented in India. Liberalization policy accelerated economic growth in India since 1990. Income inequality has been a concern amid fast economic growth in India. Inclusiveness of growth is crucial for sustainability. Financial inclusion is associated with economic growth. This paper attempts to evaluate role of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) for enhancing financial inclusion in India. Secondary data from website of PMJDY is used for the study. It is found that PMJDY has enhanced financial inclusion. The financial inclusion has been inclusive with the backward region of Central India getting maximum benefits under PMJDY. PMJDY has laid the foundation for inclusive growth. PMJDY can overcome regional economic imbalances in India and foster sustainable growth.

The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing exponentially and expected to reach 783 million by the end of year 2045. The burden of complications of diabetes can be mitigated if the disease is diagnosed early and treated adequately. A cross-sectional pilot study from July 2021 to October 2021 on 52 participants from diverse areas of Bareilly (Northern India) was conducted. Only 38.46% of participants found to have good knowledge (knowledge score ≥ 19). Characters like ‘level of education’, ‘close relative with diabetes’, ‘income’ and ‘education in the medical field’ were having significant association with good knowledge score (p<0.05). Around 67.28% population showed positive attitude towards diabetes. Although ‘the education related to medical field’ and ‘level of education’ were found significantly associated with positive attitude (p < 0.05) and binary logistic regression showed both the variable as the predictor of positive attitude. The mean knowledge score of participants possessing positive practices in relation to ‘doing regular exercise’ was higher compared with who do not do regular exercise (p<0.001). Conclusively, the current study can be considered as a baseline for nationwide diabetes awareness programs to revamp the knowledge of population towards diabetes emphasizing the development of attitude & practices.

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are widely regarded as the motors of economic growth in both advanced and emerging markets because of the jobs they generate, the GDP growth they contribute to, the initiative and creativity of their founders and employees, and the products and services they bring to market. As a result, the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the economy and social fabric of Turkey is significantly higher in India than in other emerging and developed countries. Numerous obstacles confront small and medium-sized businesses, but "poor financial management" issues are frequently cited as the leading cause of business failures in SMEs.

Background: Lidocaine Hydrochloride is a widely used local anaesthetic agent in almost all medical specialties that is well tolerated. But Systemic or local anaesthetics are studied to have proconvulsant activities and seizures could occur as a side effect even with local anaesthesia. Case presentation: I present the case of a 6-and-half-month-old infant who developed intermittent tonic–clonic convulsions immediately after the instillation of local anaesthetic agent before performing incision & drainage of an abscess. Naranjo probability scale categorized the relationship between the drug and the event as probable. The patient was stabilized and referred to higher centre. Conclusion: This case is reported to acquaint medical practitioners to possibility of systemic toxicity by local anaesthesia although uncommon; so that such complications can be avoided or managed promptly if occurs, to optimize patient outcome.

Introduction: Cervical carcinoma (Ca Cx) is a high incidence malignancy in India (6–29% of all cancers in women). The Pap smear test is a proven effective measure for reducing cervical carcinoma incidence. Lack of population level screening program in India corresponds with the detection of most cervical lesions at a late stage of disease (stage II or stage III) with consequent high mortality and morbidity. The hospital where this study was conducted offers Pap smear free of cost.
Aims & Objectives:

1.      To study the spectrum of cervical lesions by analyzing the results of Pap smear tests -for a period of one year.
2.      To evaluate clinical utility of Pap smear testing by studying histopathological correlation- wherever feasible, for the same one-year period.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study conducted by retrieving data for 1 year, pertaining to conventional Pap smear tests and related histopathological examination reports.
Results ^([1]): Of 808 Pap smear tests done, 788 (97.5%) were satisfactory for evaluation. These were reported using, “The Bethesda system for evaluation of cervical pathology (2014)”. Results were divided into: i) Inflammatory (70.56%), ii) NILM (23.60%), iii) Atrophic (3.42%) and iv) Epithelial cell abnormalities [ECA] (2.41%). The ECAs included ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL and SCC. The inflammatory Pap smears included 28 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis, 7 cases of Yeast, (likely Candida) infection, and 2 cases with presence of blue wool like microorganisms morphologically resembling Actinomyces. Histopathological report association was done for 118 (14.97%) cases. Of these, 112 (94.91%) cases were reported as inflammatory pathology and 6 (5.08%) cases as ECAs. The ECAs included 3 HSILs, 2 LSIL/inflammatory changes and 1 case of SCC. All 118 cases were reported with 100% concurrence rate for cytopathology –histopathology correlation.
Conclusions: 1) Pap smear is a good screening as well as diagnostic test. 2)However more significant yield towards prevention of Ca Cx will be achieved by adding supplemental testing e.g., HPV DNA testing.3) Concentrated efforts need to be made to target screening efforts towards older age group women and also towards follow up and treatment of the Positive Pap smear cases

Background:Stroke was the second most frequent cause of death worldwide in
2012,accounting for 7.1 million deaths. as data availablefrom Indian subcontinent is
scrace in relation to Hyper homocysteinemia as a potential risk factor in ischemic stroke
The present study is designed to measure theplasma homocysteine levels in patients
presenting with ischemic strokes and correlate with the levels in age and sex matched
controls.
Materials and Methods: This study is a case - control prospective study. The present
study was done on 80 patients with ischemic stroke admitted in local area hospital 30 –
35 age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. Plasma fasting total
homocysteine (tHcy) levels were measured by chemiluminiscence immunoassay.
Students‘t’ test and chi-square test were used to analyse data.
Results: The total homocysteine (tHcy) were significantly higher in patients with stroke
compared to controls (19.94±4.73 Vs 7.85±4.56, p-value is <0.001). The tHcy levels were
significantly high in smokers compared to non-smokers (31.11±2.44 Vs 12.22±3.63, pvalue
is <0.05), patients with hypertension compared to normotensive patients
(32.09±1.04 Vs 15+3.21, p-value is <0.02), patients with diabetes mellitus compared to
patients not having diabetesmellitus (23.22±4.39 Vs 12.87±2.99, p-value is <0.05),
patients with dyslipidemia compared to patients not having dyslipidemia (31.12±3.99 Vs
12.93±2.23, p-value is <0.05). Patients with no risk factors compared to controls
(14.11±4.38Vs 8.76±1.25).
Conclusion: Hyper homocysteinemia emerged as an important risk factor for ischemic
stroke. A strong positive correlation was also observed between hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, smoking dyslipidemia and tHcy levelsin thepresent study.

Background & objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a major public health emergency affecting the healthcare services all over the world. It is essential to analyse the epidemiologicalandclinicalcharacteristicsofpatientswithCOVID19indifferentpartsofourcountry.Thisstudyhighlights clinical experience in managing patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in northernIndia.
Methods:Clinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesofconsecutiveadultpatientsadmittedtoatertiarycare hospitalatAll India Institute of medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar,India,from August12020 toJanuary 31,2021werestudied.ThediagnosisofSARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat and/or nasopharyngeal swabs. All patients were managed according to the institute’s consensus protocol and in accordance with Indian Council of Medical Researchguidelines.
Results: During the study period, 283 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted. The history of contact with COVID-19-affected individuals was available in only29 patients. The median age of the patients was 53.85 years (15-95 years), and there were 217 (76.67 %) males. Of the total enrolled patients, only 19 patients (7%)were asymptomatic and rest 264 patients (93%) were symptomatic.Thecommonpresentingcomplaintswerefever in 231 patients(81 %),cough in 217 patients(76 %) and shortness of breath in 204 patients (72%). Out of 283 patients enrolled for the study, 113 patients (39%) had Hypertension as an accompanying comorbid illness, 122 (43%) had Diabetes mellitus, CKD and Hypothyroidism each in 8% of patients, CAD & COPD in 7% and 6% patients respectively
Agemorethan60yearsandpresenceofdiabetesandhypertensionweresignificantlyassociatedwith severeCOVID-19disease.Mortalityof 65 patients ( 23%) wasobserved.
Interpretation&conclusions:MajorityofthepatientswithCOVID-19infectionpresentingtoourhospital were elderly and symptomatic. Fever was noted only in three-fourth of the patients and respiratory symptoms in more than half of the enrolled patients. Patients with comorbidities were more vulnerable to complications. Certain Inflammatory markers like serum CRP, Ferritin, LDH, & D-Dimer have define prognostic value. Triaged classificationofpatientsandprotocol-basedtreatmentresultedingoodoutcomesandlowcasefatality.

Quality of Work Life is the extent to which human resources are capable to shape their career vibrantly, in accordance with their opportunities, needs and interests. It is also amount of power that an employer provides to its employees to draft their works. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of job performance on quality of work life and to find out if there is an quantitatively demonstrable relationship among these two variables. This quantitative research was carried out on 600 research samples from engineering colleges in Tamilnadu. Statistical tools, such as Factor analysis and Regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicate the clear impact job performance has on quality of work life. The results of the study further prove that the change in Job Performance factor explains the changes in quality of work to the extent of 84.11 percent. The significant ‘F’ statistics reveals the validity of the regression model. Hence job performance impacts quality of work life to greater extent.

The issue immigration has troubled the state of Assam for decades now. It has deep impact on the socioeconomic and political life of the state. Further, it is adversely affecting the demographic structure of the state; creating law and order problem wherever they are present in sizeable number. At the very outset, the native people fear that the unchecked migration from across the border, particularly from Bangladesh will subvert their way of life and change the demographic profile of the state in the near future. This paper traces the impact of immigration on the society and politics of Assam. Based on insights from the immigration discourse of Assam, the author offers certain policy recommendations to deal with the immigrant issue in Assam

A new, universally attractive and applicable paradigm that welcomes and encourages people to take responsibility for themselves and explore their true selves in search of health, especially in sickness and adversity is spirituality and psychological beliefs. In COVID-19 pandemic situation, how people react and will be in a healthy condition is a crucial aspect in India and even in other countries. To investigate the solution, we had aimed to study the impact of two factors like spiritual well-being and psychological well-being on attack of COVID-19 in India. To study the same a sample of 650 respondents were taken through online survey where 285 questionnaires were only selected for further analysis. A well-designed questionnaire was prepared by testing validating through experts for collecting the responses. Factor analysis and multiple regression tools were used to analyse the data for achieving objective of study. The results notified that spiritual well-being and psychological well-being were having less impact on attack of COVID-19 in people, but the relation exhibits significant. Which implies even there is less impact they are having some relation in prevention of attack of COVID-19. The paper continued with the future research of the study.

 Aim: The purpose of our research was to study various patterns as well as incidence of mandibular population amongst Indian population. Methodology: The medical records of 1842 patients with mandibular fractures treated
over a 3 years period were identified and analyzed supported age, sex, mechanism of trauma, seasonal variation, drug/alcohol abuse, number and anatomic location Results: 464 Patients who were in age range of 7 to 89 years participated in the study. The highest incidence (37.5%) of mandibular fractures was in the age group of 21–30 years. Most prominent cause for mandibular fracture was due to road traffic accidents which accounted for 68.8 % of all cases followed by free falls as well as assault cases. It was observed that parasymphyseal fracture was the most common site affected in mandible and the least affected was the angle of mandible. Mandibular angle
fractures were found mostly to be related to assault victims. Conclusion: The mechanism of injury correlates significantly with the anatomic location of fracture and knowledge of those associations should guide the surgeons for appropriate and timely management.

Barack Obama, former president of the United States, had once revealed that Indian epics
Mahabharata and Ramayana have a special place in his heart. He wrote in his book titled The
Promised Land that "India always held a special place in my imagination. Maybe it was because I had
spent a part of my childhood in Indonesia listening to the epic Hindu tales of the Ramayana and the
Mahabharata…” Mahabharata is one of the incredible epics where several world administrators beget
wisdom from it. This paper assesses a critical view of our nation India through Mahabharata. The
paper also analyses the epic as a perfect piece of literature, picturing Indian culture's origin in
Mahabharata's canvas. Sage Vaisampayana, the disciple of Vyasa, recites Mahabharata for the first
time to King Janamejaya at his sarpasatra in Takshasila, modern Pakistan. Later at Naimisaranya, on
the Gomti river banks near Lucknow, it was narrated by Ugrasravas, showing how the epic was stored,
memorized, and transmitted orally during different historical periods. During a conclave of sages
headed by Saunaka, at Naimisaranya, Ugrasrava Sauti, son of Lomaharsana, again narrates the
Mahabharata

India had to reconstruct its economy after 1947 when more than three-quarters of the population relied on farming. There were several issues faced by agriculture in India like very small grain productivity due to lack of irrigation and other infrastructure as farming still dependent on monsoons. The Green Revolution began in 1965 with the first implementation of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds in Indian agriculture. This has been combined with better and more effective irrigation and proper fertilizer use to increase the crop yields. The Green Revolution ultimately resulted in India becoming self-sufficient. Presently, to get more production from the shrinking resources like land and water is the huge challenge. Biofertilizers, are regarded as profitable, environmental friendly and limitless resources of crop nutrients or microbial inoculants and economical transporters for adding and mobilizing nutrients in soil.

Tribal populations in India are considered to be socio-economically the most disadvantaged group and tribal children have very poor health indicators when compared to the rest of the population. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the nutritional status of under- five years age group among the Rabha children of Udalguri district, Assam, India. For assessing the nutritional status of children, three anthropometric indices- height for age, weight for height and weight for age, which are considered as good indicators of assessment of nutritional status were adopted. Among the 225 children who were assessed for malnutrition, 93 (41.33%) were stunted, 62 (27.56%) wasted and 68 (30.22%) underweight as per WHO Growth Standards. The prevalence of malnutrition was found more common in girls as compared to boys. Education of the mothers was found to have a strong inverse relationship with all three measures of nutritional status. Education among the parents to improve nutritional status in the children as well as modification in the lifestyle can help to decline this health concern

The name given to all electronic and electrical appliances that are at the end of their lives is electronic waste commonly known as e-waste. In short, e-waste is a term that cuddles different forms of electrical and electronic devices that have ceased to be of any value to their owners. Electronic waste or e-waste in one of developing countries such as India and developed countries’ is growing global problems. E-waste contains useful as well as hazardous content with shoddier impacts on health and the environment. This review paper offers an analysis of global e-waste figures, e-waste portion health concerns as well as waste management, recycling, regulatory strategies and e-waste guidelines. Existing and future e-waste management programs have been discussed by communicating strategies for e-waste management to developed countries. The path to sustainability in e-waste management programs such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) has been clearly presented. E-waste environment is a forum for resources (hydrogen and electricity) market project and reliable metal recovery (gold, silver and platinum) by biotechnology approaches.

In the past few years, social networking platforms have been established as a mode of communication using which a huge number of people are getting connected online. Online social networking platforms act as mediums of supportive communication, thus enabling information sharing between users. People are using online social platforms to discuss multiple type of topics online. The need of the hour is to identify the topics which are most talked about over social network platforms. This will help marketers in matching their advertising content with the most preferred topics by social network users. Topics related to school/college stuff and personal issues are found to be most discussed ones on social networking platforms

This paper critically evaluates the legislative structure of Indian arbitration with that of Singapore with special focus on the enforcement provisions. The objective of the author is to find out whether the legislative improvements introduced through 2015 and 2019 amendments to Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 were sufficient to elevate the Indian legislation to global standard. This objective has been achieved through a comparative analysis of Indian Act with the provisions of Singapore's International Arbitration Act, 1994 and Arbitration Act, 2002 with their latest amendments. The two amendments to Indian Arbitration Act have been successful in removing many of the loopholes and lacunae associated with it. But there are some parts related to enforcement issues involving both domestic and foreign awards and equating the interim awards of the arbitration panel with that of final awards where the Indian legislation needs improvement. Equating interim measures/awards with that of final awards allows the courts to use the provisions of New York Convention and enforce it against the erring party. This gives legitimacy to the arbitration process and reposes the faith of parties in the arbitration regime of the country. Under Singapore provisions there is no right of appeal and appeal is the discretion of the High Court. Multiple appeal mechanisms in Indian system during enforcement proceedings lead to enormous delay in  the whole arbitration process forcing foreign parties to refuse arbitration in India.  These are very novel provisions and Indian law should incorporate similar provisions

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease began in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in China, also recognized as China's largest transport centre. The condition became epidemic during China's spring festival. The virus is quickly transported into several nations, including countries with low wages So far, 234073 have registered COVID-19 cases in the world with a total of 9840 fatalities. Cough, high fever, a sore throat, tiredness and respiratory trauma are the typical signs of COVID-19. The condition was shown to be moderate in most cases, others with pneumonia with multi-organ failure and acute ARDS. The Incubation Time for the infection has been observed to be 2-14 days, typically 4 days in maximum cases. India remains in stage 2 on local transmission in line with WHO Record 60. The WHO announced 60 that no population transmission has yet occurred in India that can be avoided by preventing mass meetings and proper citizens screens. Govt. Govt. There have been several initiatives by India to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in the region. The COVID-19 infection incidence in India appears to be poor in comparison to the country's population. This is attributable to swift government measures to quarantine and close down the boundaries of the accused population. The global economy is in great slowdown due to COVID-19 assault and would potentially cost roughly $1 trillion. This is attributable to swift government measures to quarantine and close down the boundaries of the accused population. By reducing H-H transmissions, the spread of COVID-19 infections may be minimized. Anti-CoV drug discovery is also required, and will replace the supporting therapies for infection control.

Pandemic is a global affection which has effects on health, social and political levels,As many countries are trying to tackle the current COVID pandemic, this study aims at analysing the popular perception on the capabilities of India in managing a pandemic among the local population. A questionnaire was distributed through an online google forms link to about 100 South Indian population, The study population were asked to fill out the online form after reading each question thoroughly. The results were collected and Data was analysed using SPSS software version 20. From the results, the majority of the study population answered positive responses regarding India’s capability of managing pandemic and also awareness of Pandemic among people of India.. 100% of the population were aware of the pandemic and its outbreaks. This study gives an insight on the popular perception toward India’s capability of managing pandemic, and creating an awareness on its spread.