European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the population's psychological and social well-being. This study was initiated to ascertain the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 recovery such as depression, anxiety, and bereavement, as well as to assist in ascertaining the psychosocial repercussions of the pandemic. Long periods of isolation can be costly on the economy, hence impact of the disease on quality of life in people who have recovered from Covid-19 was assessed.
Methods and Material:Across-sectional study conducted on patients who have recovered from Covid 19 and were visiting a tertiary health care center. Patients consenting for study were interviewed based on the ICD-10 criteria for depression and anxiety. DASS and WHO-QOL questionnaires were used to measure the severity of depressive, anxiety symptoms and quality of life. The data was analysed using SPSS (statistical packages for social sciences) version 20.0 software.
Results: Female population was 36% and male population was 64%. Oxygen support was required by 83% of the subjects. In the participants the severity of depression, anxiety and stress were recorded. There was total 48, 45 and 38 patients who reported to have depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. ICU admission was required by 40% of them. The association of oxygen support, with depression and stress was significant, with higher number of patients requiring oxygen support. While there was no association of anxiety and oxygen support.
Conclusions: Pandemic has had significant psychological sequalae on the participants, not only while they were infected but also chronically in terms of their quality of life.

Background: Medical education is the most stressful compared to any other courses. Every student who enters medical school must come across a lot of hardships. Aims and objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the mental well-being of the students so that can offer counselling to them with management strategies. Materials and methods: A total of 90 second-year MBBS students were part of the study after obtaining written informed consent. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using a standard questionnaire called DASS. This is a self-administered questionnaire and is freely available online. Spatial and verbal memory test was used to assess the participants’ cognitive functions. These are standard tests available in the literature.

It can be a difficult task to provide care to the patients living with mental health issues, especially with chronic diseases such as schizophrenia where the patient loses touch with reality.
Aim:
The aim of the research was to assess the level of perceived family burden, among the primary caregivers of chronic schizophrenia patients and socio-demographic correlates of caregiver's burden in schizophrenia. The study also evaluated the factors affecting the caregiver's burden.
Materials and Methods:
A descriptive research design was used for the study. The study population consisted of 100 primary caregivers of chronic schizophrenia patients who were attending the outpatient department of Government Erode Medical College Perundurai, Erode. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. In order to collect the data, the tool comprised of socio-demographic variables, Burden Assessment Schedule of SCARF (BASS,1995) to assess the level of perceived family burden.
Results:
Mean age of patients was 29.7 SD (8.6) years. Of the 368 caregivers, 81.5% were parents, mean age was 58.1 years (SD 19.6). The result revealed that among the primary caregivers 48% are having mild burden, 36% of them are having moderate burden and 16% of them having severe burden. The association between the level of perceived family burden and demographic variables shows that age (c2=8.97), duration of illness (c2=7.69), and relationship with the patients (c2=7.44) are significantly associated with their level of burden. More aged, less income, duration of illness and wife group are having more burden than others.
Conclusion:
Caregivers of schizophrenia patients experience enormous burden and are potential “high risk group” for mental disorders. The caregivers should receive an adequate support for maintaining their own mental health. they should be provided support for maintaining their mental health. Particularly, vulnerable are females, elderly, low-income groups, and longer duration of care. They should be provided with adequate support.

Art Therapy is a formof psychotherapy that involves usage of art making as a part of therapeutic process to facilitate expression and insight creation on part of the clients during the session. This formof psychotherapy encourages expression and projection of emotions on part of the client in the most non-intimidating and non-
invasive manner and hence yields to a safe space of interaction and sharing amongst both the therapist as well as the client. To understand the usage of Art Therapy as an Emerging Approach to Improve Mental, Emotional and
Physical Health Concerns, given research study has an objective to reflect upon and understand the potential that art
psychotherapy in positively influencing the management or improvement of mental, physical and emotional health concerns. The study is a non-quantitative systematic review comprising of analysis of fourteenstudies which were screened out of forty selected studies for review purpose. The studies were selected fromthe database available of the past ten years to ensure relevancy in results and conclusions derived. Results showed positive significant relationship existing between Art Therapy and Mental, Physical as well as Emotional health concerns such as improvement in mood, symptoms of depression, anxiety and physical pain, induced more relaxation, enhanced self- efficacy etc. The findings of the study supported that hypotheses and hence could be considered as a resource to further support and encourage introduction and implementation of art therapy in India as a standard approach to psychotherapy. Art Psychotherapy or Art Therapy can be referred to as an emerging psychotherapy holding potential to serve mental emotional and physical health concerns.

Background: The present study was conducted for evaluating Post-Natal Depression.
Materials & Methods: A total of 100 subjects were enrolled. Out of the total, 70 belonging to the first group of women in the immediate postnatal period, and 30 at 6-8 weeks post-delivery. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was taken under consideration. Mean EPDS scores were taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Mean score for women in the immediate postnatal period was 11.20 and that for those at 6-8 weeks post-delivery was 11.73. There was no difference between these two means. 41.5% among women within one week of delivery and 43.4% among women within 6-8 weeks of delivery screened positive for postnatal depression.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was high prevalence of postnatal depression in women. However; further studies are recommended.

This research paper explores millennials’ perceptions of mental health and the role of media advertisements in shaping their views toward skin color. The study will focus on understanding the attitudes and beliefs of millennials, defined as individuals born between 1980 and 2000, towards mental health and the impact of media advertisements on their understanding of mental health towards skin color issues. The research will utilize a quantitative approach, using a survey to gather data from a sample of millennials to examine their perceptions and attitudes toward skin color. A total of 58 responses is collected using the purposive sampling method. The study results provide insight into how millennials perceive mental health and the role of media advertisements in shaping their views on skin color.

Pandemics have taken place throughout history at various times. Infections known as pandemics cause the deaths of millions and severely harm society's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, it interfered with kids' ability to learn. Similar to the horrific occurrences that have caused various psychological problems in people throughout history, COVID-19 would have a negative psychological influence on every person. It is crucial to conduct scientific studies on COVID-19 to prevent it from having negative societal, cultural, psychological, academic, and economic implications, especially on children. Once the COVID-19 epidemic has been contained for a duration, it'll be simpler to comprehend the emotional effects on individuals. The severe psychological repercussions of the COVID-19 Outbreak do not spare kids. They undergo major shifts in behavioral habits, parental anguish, worries, and social and physical isolation. It is essential to successfully grasp their thoughts and behaviors to meet their needs throughout this Outbreak. The potential psychological impacts of COVID-19 on schoolchildren's susceptibility are examined in this study, along with a summary of the warning signs of stress across various demographics and the treatments and tools that exist to enhance children's wellbeing and mental wellbeing throughout these challenging circumstances. It is globally supported that children and adolescents' mental health is a top priority as an integral part of any global, locally-driven response to the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Background: Geriatric population requiresspecial needs for theirlife support and health care. Understanding their health-seeking behavior, quality of life (QOL), and morbidities is thus essential for reinforcing health-care services delivery for them.
Objective: To assess the health status of geriatric population with special reference to QOL in urban and urban slum population.
Methodology: This community based, comparative, cross-sectional studyincluded 288geriatricindividual of either gender, aged≥60 years, from urban (n=153) and urban slum (n = 135) areas. Data was collected through interview for personnel details, family, social and psychological background as per proforma. Medical examination was carried out at home. The QOL was assessed by using tool comprised of Assessment of Quality of Life(AQoL) instrument (Australian Centre for Quality of Life). Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (Version. 3.6.0).
Results: Majority of individuals from both the area were in the age group of 60-64 years (35.76%) with female preponderance (Male: Female = 1: 1.2). A significant difference was noted in the demographic and social variables, and HR-QoL(Score) between urban and urban slum area (P<0.05). Most individuals in both the area suffered with arthritis. In urban area diabetes and hypertension, and in urban slum area cataract was common morbidity. The mean score for assessment of QOL instrument was higher in case of urban (13.05 ± 7.85) then urban slum area (9.44 ± 7.95). A significant association was observed between HR-QoL (score) and different variables viz. gender, type of family, marital status from urban, and gender, marital status from urban slum area (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Due to lack of awareness and poor living conditions the proportion of morbidities is more among geriatric populationin urban slum. However, high expectations from society and believe in having good living conditions along with high expectations, older people in urban area tend to have more depressed life.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the frontline warriors in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and similar health crises. In developing countries, HCWs face high stress because they have to deal with the increased patient load and limited infrastructure. Long-term exposure to stress, anxiety, and depression may lead to impaired mental health in HCWs. It is, therefore, essential to assess the mental health of HCWs as a part of their annual health check-up. Objective: The present cross-sectional observational study was aimed to assess the mental health of HCWs by analysing the stress, anxiety and depression during their annual health check-up at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: Total 200 participants, including the consultants, and junior and senior resident doctors, were included in the study. The stress level was analyzed using PSS-10, and anxiety and depression were analyzed using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 respectively. Results: The mean PSS-10 score was 9.39 ± 8.53, indicating low stress among HCWs; the mean GAD-7 score was 5.20 ± 4.19, indicating mild anxiety in HCWs and the mean PHQ-9 score was 3.41 ± 3.59, indicating minimal depression among HCWs. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the HCWs faced minimal to mild stress, anxiety, and depression. It is therefore recommended that the mental health check-up should be made a regular part of the annual health check-up in HCWs so that adequate, timely steps are taken to address the same.

Background: In the course of any living thing's existence, ageing is a normal and expected component of the process of development. There is very nothing that can be done to slow down the ageing process, as it is a natural part of life. It is not merely a biological phenomenon, but also has psychological and social ramifications for humans.

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19, forcibly moving educational activity to the online environment allows for flexibility in teaching and learning because courses are easily accessed. The online learning environment varies profoundly from the traditional classroom situation when it comes to learner’s motivation, satisfaction, and interaction.Present study was aimed to study impact of online learning on student’s physical and mental health amidst covid19 pandemic in school at UrunIslampur, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Lockdown is an emergency situation which has confined people to their homes, states and country. Individuals felt insecure and worried about their financial matters and their mental health was affected at some point of time during the corona virus pandemic lockdown.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of lockdown on mental health between the general population and covid-19 frontline health care workers.
Material and Methods: The survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using DSM -5 Self-Rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure -Adult scale, circulated through social media platform (Google forms). In this study, 180 participants were enrolled. Hindi version of the measure was used to assess the psychological impact on the participants and a score of 0 was considered as NO and was taken as a Negative response and scores 1 to 4, were considered as YES and were taken as a positive responses.
Result: A total of 180 responses were obtained during the survey, amongst them 36.67% were male and 63.33%were female. Frontline healthcare workers were 51.67% and among the Non-health care workers, unemployed were 10%, Student were 17.78%, and the remaining working were 56.67%. As per DSM 5 Crosscutting symptoms scores, the most common reported psychological symptoms were Anxiety  81.11%, Depression  52.78%, Sleep problems  29.44%, and Substance use 25%,. The comparison between both the groups was not statistically significant (p>0.001). However, non-healthcare workers experienced more psychological symptoms.
conclusion: The covid-19 lockdown was associated with poor mental health across individuals .the lockdown was observed  to be a stressful situation that could have precipitated psychological symptoms like anxiety, stress, depression, and sleep disturbance in the individuals.
 

As a major virus outbreak in the 21st century, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. While psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the general public's mental health requires significant attention as well. This systematic review aims to synthesize extant literature that reports on the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population and its associated risk factors. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception  following the PRISMA guidelines. Relatively high rates of symptoms of anxiety , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , psychological distress , and stress  are reported in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic . Risk factors associated with distress measures include female gender, younger age group , presence of chronic/psychiatric illnesses, unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19.The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with highly significant levels of psychological distress that, in many cases, would meet the threshold for clinical relevance. Mitigating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 on mental health is an international public health priority.

Current psychosocial risk theories focus on different dimensions that it is necessary to understand each theory and approach to be able to adequately be analysed any psychosocial risk problem. Psychosocial hazards and risk, along with their relevant significant impacts, are often unrecognized by workers and management. This leads to increasing number of occupational accidents that are partly caused by psychosocial factors, in addition to physical, chemical, biological, and biomechanical factors. This review aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the approaches/theories/models that are necessary to be able to comprehensively explain how psychosocial hazards and risk occur and their related impacts against workers in a workplace.

Children in conflict countries are exposed to difficulties with an austere point of view for
their future. People residing in conflict-affected areas are denied their right to education,
admittance to aptitudes and information, and the path to a superior life for themselves and
their country. The present investigation is descriptive. In the current examination, the
investigator studied recent related literature and secondary data extensively like books, ebooks,
journals, editorials, and other reliable sources, which put forwarda more prominent
understanding of all possible and practical aspects of the research problem at hand.The
exploration reveals that conflict has taken a heavy toll on children and their right to
education concerning mental and physical health, school attendance, school closure, and
schooling capacity reduction. In addition to that, appalling levels of massacring,
mutilating, recruitment and denial of humanitarian access, committing rape and other
forms of sexual violence, engaging in attacks on schools; and abducting children in armed
conflict situations came under the domain of violations against children

Vitamin D is also known as calciferol because of its role in calcium metabolism and antirachitic factor because it prevents rickets. It is a modified steroid, synthesised in the skin under the influence of sunlight and is necessary for metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Its RDA is 400 IU or 10 mg, it binds to the receptor of target cells and regulate through gene expression. Vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation in the liver to form 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D]. The two main forms are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The main source of vitamin D in humans is in the form of vitamin D3, which is derived from synthesis in the skin via exposure of 7- dehydrocholesterol, concentrated in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. Vitamin D2 is obtained from the diet, and is derived from ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol, found in fungi. Both metabolites are transported in the blood bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). These inactive vitamin D metabolites must undergo a two-step hydroxylation process to become biologically active. Initially, vitamin D2 and D3 undergo hydroxylation in the maternal liver, via the action of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzyme (CYP27A1), to form the inactive steroid precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). 25[OH]D is the major circulating and stored form of vitamin D. In this present review we have focused on need of vitamin D beyond bone.

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and distinguish kinds and related factors
of Mental Disorders among elderly people attending Geriatric Clinic, Baghdad, Iraq.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted and a systematic random sampling technique
was used to select 320 elderly people. We collected data on basic demographics and associated
risk factors using a questionnaire filled through self-reported questionnaire. Mental disorders
(MDs) were defined according to Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) with a cutoff score
of 20+. Accredited tools used by WHO were utilized to identify mental disorders kinds. Results:
The prevalence of MDs in the study sample was 24.4%. The prevalence of MDs types were:
Depression 16.6%, anxiety 12.8%, dementia 5.3%, substance abuse 2.5%, suicide thoughts
5.6%, and suicide attempts 2.5%. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the
determinant factors of elderly MDs revealed the following significant factors: Aging, smokers,
living depends on others, loneliness and social isolation, visual impairment, economic state
deterioration, neglect and mishandling, and chronic diseases are the determinant factors of
elderly MDs. Conclusions: Mental disorders are wide spread among elderly people and
enhanced elderly mental health care services should be provided

Background As the pandemic COVID-19 (due to novel Corona virus) is widely spreading across the globe, it is creating extensive fear, anxiety, apprehension and stress. These are all inevitable and growing reactions to the changing and uncertain situation in which all of us find ourselves. Objectives This study was carried out to assess the psychological impact of the novel, unprecedented situation arising due to pandemic in adult Indian population. Method The data was collected with self-reported questionnaire based survey. The survey was circulated in social media as Google form and participation was completely voluntary. Data was statistically analysed by using chi square test for the calculation of significance. Results The responders had moderate level of perceived stress and anxiety 71%; 63.1% were found to be above average in terms of wellness, 80% were reported to smoke/chew tobacco/consume alcohol and 98.1% were well aware of COVID-19 and seriously followed social distancing. Conclusion Since disruptive effect of COVID-19 social distancing is dominating our daily lives, it is important to maintain connection. Anxiety and fears of each and every individual should be acknowledged and better understood by other individuals, communities and caregivers.

Depression is a global health problem which is elevating constantly. It affects not just the mood of the patient but also it`s health, behavior and the quality of life. Diagnosis becomes difficult as there is no exact point for it`s confirmation except some symptoms which too vary among patients. The condition can be triggered by various factors such as the surrounding friends and family, social sites, food habits, sleep patterns, food insecurity, childhood traumas, post partum and genetic factors. Since there is a wide range of clinical heterogeneity among patients the treatment approach would depend upon the individual itself. Different patients may show varying efficacy to different approaches. Along with the treatment there is a serious need to promote awareness among people of all age groups regarding various myths of the disorder and make them aware of the seriousness of this rising global health issue. In this review we made an approach to gather information about various treatment approaches available worldwide to fight this disorder as allopathy alone is not feasible to deal with it.

The concept of mental health has secured mammoth credibility in the past few years, with the focus being shifted towards enhanced mental health care professionals and facilities and attention paid towards a sounder mental and emotional health development of the youth and adults. However, the palpitating question persists: how far along has India traveled on this tumultuous journey to achieve the definitive aspiration of securing stable mental health across the country for persons of every age group? Through the means of this paper, the author will endeavor to find an answer to this question by delving into the mental healthcare laws in India [The Mental Health Act, 1987 and The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017] coupled with the understanding of international [The Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act, 1992] as well as constitutional aspects concerning mental health care laws. This paper would not be inclusive enough without mentioning some important case laws, which further the central theme of this paper. Towards the end, the author presented a few proposals, which may prove assistive for bettering the mental health care law drafting and their implementation in India. The cornerstone of this paper is to view the concept of mental health from a legalistic and social microscope at the national and international echelon.

The recent pandemic disease called “COVID-19 or Corona Virus”, which is prevalent the whole world is also spread in every state of our own country India. It has a wide range impact on every aspect of the life of the people everywhere. The people are sure to undergo vast variety of COVID-19 impacts like stress, anxiety, tensions, fear, remorse, disinterestedness, physical problems like pressure and heart problems, various other discomforts, frustrations, irritation, anger, etc. It is said by the psychologists that a like 'COVID-19’ will have a significant impact on the mental health of the people who live any part of the world. This impact will be multifaceted: immediate effect, short-time impact, effect which could be long lasting, different types of impacts, etc. One great impact of this COVID-19 situation is felt in the educational field-education process is in a standstill. Lot stress is experienced by the teachers which has affected their psychological well-being and has reduced the degree of their employment-related experience or the total quality of their work life at the school. Teachers must remain calm so as to look after their own well-being. In this way, through different ways,they should navigate through this time and must their own psychological well-being and higher degree of quality of work life.

Background: Corona virus disease (Covid-19) entered at the end of last year in China, and slowly occupied rest of world. In India, Government declared complete Lockdown in second half of March, soon after three or four months later country slowly lifted Lockdown. But, covid-19 pandemic is still there. Along with biological complication due to covid-19, we suffered with lots of mental health issues due to psychological and economical aspects.
Objective: Aim of this study is to assess mental health status irrespective of gender, age group, location, stress, chronic disease and covid-19 infection. Also, to investigate mean difference between various demographic variables in order to examine most vulnerable people towards mental health illness.
Material and method: Due to covid-19 and social distancing, the researchers were carried this study using demographic variables and the mental health inventory (MHI-38) in internet and social media platform from September 13 to September 23, 2020. The data collected were more than hundred, but the researchers took only hundred respondents to analyse data statistically and the results were interpreted.
Conclusion: The result revealed that mean difference of mental health in relation to gender, age group, and stress were statistically significant and their corresponding p-value were 0.0447, 0.0048 and 0.0001 respectively. Mental health status increases with increase income, and there were no statistical significant in respective to covid-19 testing, location, or chronic disease. The researchers have concluded this study with mental health consideration from latest reviewed paper and mentioned possible strategies to control mental health problem.

The most common psychiatric disorder in young people is depression. Unipolar depressive disorder in young people are common globally but still unrecognized. The incidence is growing sharply following the puberty, especially in girls, and the 1-year prevalence rate at the end of adolescence exceeds by 4%. In middle and low-income nations, the burden is highest. Depression is related to current and potential illness and raises the risk of suicide. A family history of depression and exposure to psycho-social stress were the most important risk factors for depression in young people. Adolescence is a physical, social, sexual and emotional stress phase and it is a topic of concern at this stage of life if there are mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and stress. The inherited risks, developmental factors, sexual hormones and psycho-social adversity interact in order to increase risk by hormone and associated neural disturbance factors. In this study, the student's executive functions were studied and compared with those of a stable person with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. These scales are structured to measure depression, anxiety and stress in negative emotional states.

Human health is of paramount importance to life on earth. It is the basis of human health to take care of this blessing given by the God almighty, to spend it without wasting it, and to restore it. The article explores the views of scientists who have conducted research on a person’s mental health. 432 people participated in the empirical study. Their concepts and knowledge of mental health were explored and the importance of mental health in overall human health was explored.Also employment, personal financial situation, health, leisure time, family friends, home education, cultural recreation, economics, public administration, religion and religious beliefs, personal freedom (rights), neighborhood, interpersonal relationships, daily life (living conditions), the degree of impact of factors such as proper nutrition on individual health was studied. Each of these factors affects the mental state of the person, his views, orientation, goals, worldview, general health. The results were analyzed mathematically statistically, the reliability value was determined. Conclusions are given.

In the history the out broke of pandemic had caused much damage on humanity. There were different pandemic such as cholera pandemic and flu pandemic, Spanish flu, Asian flu, SARS, MERS, Ebola etc. but COVID-19 has shaken the entire world and irrespectively affected all people. Particularly, it caused mental health challenge for children and adolescents. (fear, worry, panic, stress, anxiety, depression, difficulty in sleeping, loss of appetite, isolation, emotional and relational problem and conduct restriction).Though COVID-19 has created greater opportunity for the personal growth and family cohesion but brought huge damage on children and adolescents. Despite of all sensitization done by the government about the pandemic and preventive measures to be observed such as hand washing with sanitizer, wearing mask and practicing social distancing, people are not following them in day today life. Thus, the appropriate psychosocial care programme needs to be developed to strengthen the coping skills and promoting the positive psychological and emotional wellbeing of children and adolescents.

Abstract: Introduction: Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder in which an individual
experienced unwanted thoughts, like the insistency of words or ideas perceived by the
patient to be inappropriate or nonsensical. It is an obsessive urge or idea changed the
personality of people. The lifetime prevalence of OCD in India is about 2-3% which means
that at least two to three people out of hundred are suffering from this illness.
Case Presentation: A case of Obsessive compulsive disorder is found in a 47 years old man
from Nalwadi, Wardha. He has a symptoms like over disciplined, perfectionist, overly
maintaining self-hygiene. All these symptoms started 2 years back and the intensity has
increased. The purpose of this study is to be aware of what Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
is and aware that it is an illness that can be treated.
Conclusion: In the study, we mainly focused on OCD and how it affects people’s mental
health.

The rapid rise of chronic diseases in the Philippines from non-communicable disease to mental health disorder requires a rebalancing of health care priorities to meet these challenges. Recent statistical modelling studies in the country revealed a strong relationship in the developmental outcome of NCD and mental health. The need to develop strategies aimed at integrating NCD and mental health are important steps towards efficient and effective health care delivery systems particularly in low-income countries. Critical to these changes in health care delivery system is the role of key decision makers in understanding the interrelationship of chronic diseases and areas in public health policy related to governance. A semi-structured key informant interview was conducted, and responses were analyzed using a thematic content technique to determine knowledge and how current health programs are meeting these challenges. The results of the study highlighted areas for future research and public health policy development, while revealing structural and organizational problems. The implication of improving human capital development, governance, and communication gaps between national and local government agencies are vital to addressing these problems

Numerous viral infections have arisen and affected global healthcare facilities. Millions of people were at severe risk of acquiring several evolving viral infections through several factors, Covid- 19 being one of the most popular ones requiring more efforts to control its spread. During the epidemic period of coronavirus diseases, appropriate oral health management and disease prevention of children is very important for children’s oral and general health. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-infection and epidemic spreading of Covid- 19 during dental practice, the recommendation to parents include making them hand hygiene at home and include proper oral care habits. Covid-19is a global human disaster presented with an emphasis on disturbing mental health aspects of the ongoing pandemic. According to the cross-sectional study, two weeks after the occurrence of Covid-19 in chin almost 40% of the affected youth were proven to have psychological problems, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of Covid-19. Person to person transmission of Covid-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments, Extensive measures to reduce person to person transmission of Covid- 19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak.

Coronavirus, a deadly virus caused an unimaginable pandemic across the globe and in order to limit its spread the lockdown and quarantine initiative was introduced. The mental health of students generally refers to the complete mental well-being and the absence of any mental disorders. This pandemic caused a major fluctuation in mental attitudes and anxiety levels of students. The main aim of this study was to analyze the attitude of students in relation to the quarantine and the mental health of students during the lockdown period. A self administered questionnaire was prepared and circulated. The results were obtained and statistically analysed using SPSS software with a version of 22 and the statistical test used was descriptive statistics. It was found that the majority of students had no change in relationship between friends and family and were able to counteract boredom and laugh every single day of the quarantine. The study concluded that the quarantine period had an effect on attitude and anger levels of students. Teenagers were physically and psychologically affected by the quarantine due to lack of socialization and however proved to be addicted to social media which had a deteriorating rating impact on the quality of life.

If not addressed with long-term mitigation practices, the high incidence of isolation is
closely correlated with the likelihood of developing mental health problems such as
anxiety, depression, and even vulnerability to suicidal ideation.
According to research, individuals who live away from their ancestral homelands are at a
higher risk of depression and mental health problems. One of the main populations of
expatriates living in the UAE is projected to be the Indian population. It has been proposed
that expatriates, despite appearing to live a happy life, often face a variety of negative
circumstances such as isolation, workplace distress, and worries about occupational
security, all of which contribute to a rise in the prevalence of mental illnesses such as
depression, stress, and anxiety. As a result, the following study sought to determine the
prevalence of isolation, mental wellbeing, and the risk of mental health problems among
Indians working in Sharjah, UAE. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, along
with data collection on demographics, mental wellbeing, and social functioning, using
self-reported questions l i k e the General Health Functioning-28 and the Social
Functioning Questionnaire. Based on these results, the study was evenly distributed in
terms of their risk of mental health illnesses and a high degree of social functioning, likely
due to the inclusion of both single and non-single participants. Furthermore, demographic
factors such as age, schooling, and occupational levels may be responsible for the
equitable distribution of such risk and high levels of social functioning. Further research
into the role of specific demographic factors in influencing mental health status and social
functioning among Indian expatriates in the UAE is therefore needed.