European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis is among the most common opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS and is also the most common cause of peripheral lymphadenopathy. These lymph nodes revealed four different patterns on FNAC, which indirectly reflected the immune status in these people. CD4 counts, being a primary marker for immunological status in HIV people, were used to initiate ART, monitoring disease progression and management. The present study was aimed to correlate these four cytomorphological patterns with CD4 counts.
Results: In the present study we observed that CD4 counts varied significantly with different cytological patterns. Pattern 1, having a lower CD4 counts, reflects a poor immune response, whilst pattern 4, having higher CD4 counts reflected a better immune response.
Conclusion: FNAC patterns can be used to predict the CD4 counts where flow cytometry facilities for CD4 count estimation may not be available.

Background and Objectives: There is a rapid increase in the incidence of HIV/AIDS among children. Proportionally, there is a rise in mucocutaneous involvement in this population. Mucocutaneous manifestations can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study was done to note the different mucocutaneous lesions present among pediatric HIV population attending NMCH&RC, Raichur and their relation to CD4 counts.
Methodology: 214 consecutive HIV-positive children attending the OPD, at a tertiary hospital and research centre, between January 2015 to June 2016 were screened for presence of any mucocutaneous lesions and 100 children were included in the study. CD4 count was done in all of them along with other relevant investigations.
Results: Among 100 patients there were 118 mucocutaneous manifestations noted with overlap in a few. Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestation was 47%. M:F ratio was 2:1. Majority of patients belonged to 5-14 year age group. Among mucocutaneous manifestations, pruritic papular eruption was commonest followed by viral and bacterial infections. The majority of patients had CD4 count <25%.
Conclusion: Mucocutaneous manifestations in pediatric HIV population are common and have varied presentations. Mucocutaneous manifestations were common at lower CD4 levels. Mucocutaneous manifestations can be taken as marker for disease progression.

Data from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 show the increase on the knowledge of prevention for HIV/AIDS among Women (49%) and married Men (55%). However, the factors that influence the increase of knowledge in the community, especially among eligible women (EW) are still unknown. On the other side, to increase the number of HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) requires a good knowledge from community, so it is important to identify what factors that are related to HIV/AIDS knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among EW.
This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from IDHS 2017 (data couples record). Data were analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study analyses the relationship between predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors with the HIV/AIDS knowledge of EW.
The results show that more than 75% of 8.838 EW had less knowledge about HIV/AIDS. There are 73.1% of respondents who have mobile phones, but only 4.9% of respondent access information about HIV / AIDS via the internet. In addition, there are 32.2% of respondents who have an elementary school education level or have no education attainment. From the results of PLS-SEM analysis, it is known that the education level and wealth index of EW are predisposing factors that influence EW’s HIV/AIDS knowledge (p-value = 0,000). The frequency of reading the newspaper and the possession of mobile phone are the enabling factors that influence EW’s HIV/AIDS knowledge (p-value = 0.025). Meanwhile, the factors of health workers and community meetings are the reinforcing factors related to EW’s HIV/AIDS. Therefore, health promotion is needed to increase the number of women in continuing education, completing secondary education to higher education, and the innovation to use information technology to disseminate information about women's reproductive health to the community.