European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

In India, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is presently the third most prevalent non-communicable disease. Kidney function is reduced progressively and irreversibly as a result of CKD. The most popular treatment for chronic renal disease is hemodialysis (HD). An arteriovenous fistula (AVF)is the most typical vascular access point for those who need to undergo hemodialysis. However, HD patients always have severe concerns about the pain that is associated with AVF cannulation. The researcher aims to assess the effectiveness of ice massage at the Hegu point on AVF puncture-related pain among hemodialysis. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the AVF puncture-related pain scores in HD patients with and without Hegu point ice massage and to correlate the AVF puncture-related pain scores with selected biographical variables.

Aim: Evaluate The Intraoperative Anaesthesia Management and Postoperative Pain Scores
after Caesarean Section.
Methods: This analytical observational study conducted in the Department of
Anaesthesiology, Madha Medical College Kovur Chennai, India during Feb 2021 to Feb
2022. All patients either receiving GA or spinal anaesthesia for CS receive IV tramadol
infusion for post-operative pain control, which is started either at the request for first
analgesia in the PACU or at 60 min, whichever comes first. Patients are assessed for pain
using numerical rating scale (NRS) immediately in the PACU and at regular intervals. Any
patient having NRS >4 is given rescue analgesia.
Results: Percentage of patients having NRS >4 and who required rescue analgesia on
immediate assessment (time zero) was 15 (15%). After that, 13 patients (13%) at 30 min, 10
(10%) patients at 45 min and 5 (5%) patients at 60 min had NRS of >4 and required first
rescue analgesia. There was no statistically significant difference among patients in PACU
having NRS >4 from those having NRS <4 in terms of the type of incision, ASA grading and
duration of surgery. Patients receiving RA had a statistically significant (P-value < 0.01) low
percentage of patients with NRS >4 and need for first rescue analgesia at time zero and at 30
min when compared to the percentage of patients operated under GA. The difference became
insignificant after 30 min. Overall, 18% of patients received some sort of co-analgesia,
mainly in the form of IV paracetamol 15% and only two patients received TAP block.
Conclusion: The pain management in the PACU was adequate as all patients were given
rescue analgesia if they had NRS of >4 and no patient was shifted from PACU with NRS of
>4.

Background: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our
environment. Diclofenac suppository is an effective adjunct analgesic for post-operative pain
control. Over the last two decades the number of caesareans being performed has increased
dramatically. High quality postoperative analgesia is important because the new mother has
to recover from major intra-abdominal surgery while also caring for her newborn baby. Many
options are available but tailoring the method to the individual can be problematic because it
has been difficult to predict the severity of postoperative pain or the individual response to a
regimen.

Inadequacy of pain knowledge is a common obstacle to successful pain control. Programmes for managing the pain is an important step towards increasing the knowledge about the pain. This paper discusses about importance of pain management wherein, a survey was conducted by to access the interest and attitude of medical caretakers towards pain management. Five groups were made each group comprising 20 nurses each. There were two experimental groups and 2 control groups. Pre and post tests were conducted and compared which provided best results towards pain management. One group was allowed to give pre-test before attending the training session and another group was allowed to give only post-test that was conducted only after competition of training session. Also training were provided wherein training sessions were divided according to modules and time duration was set for each module. The result showed that there was not much difference in knowledge of the nurses towards managing pain however, nurses with pre-test performed well than post-test nurses.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness on the role of Lasers in dentistry among dental undergraduates. LASER- Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation. After successful usage of lasers in the medicinal field, it is possible for laser application in dentistry. Lasers play a major role in apicectomy, surgeries, operative dentistry, etc,. Lasers are utilized in all controls of dentistry and the administration of lasers is to delicate hard tissue in regular procedure as an essential instrument. The present study is a cross sectional survey conducted among 100 dental students to analyse their efficacy of online teaching. A self administered questionnaire was prepared with 15 questions and was circulated among dental students through google forms. Survey conducted and 1st year undergraduate students are more aware of laser technologies in dentistry when compared to others. 57% of students reported that they are aware that use of laser technology will reduce the use of anaesthesia. 60% of students reported that they need theoretical and practical laser education. 57% of students reported that they are aware about the role of lasers in pain management. This study concludes that most of the participants have knowledge and awareness of lasers in dentistry.

Background: Pain management results in better outcomes in traumatic patients in the emergency ward. Use of non-opioids facilitates the elimination of the adverse effects of opioid. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of ketamine as an adjunct to opioids for pain control in traumatic patients in a tertiary healthcare center in Tehran, Iran. Methods and materials: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 traumatic patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Besat Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The study population was randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and placebo. The intervention group one of which received 0.05 mg/kg opioid (i.e., morphine) plus 0.1 mg/kg ketamine, and placebo group the other one was provided with the same amount of morphine opioid plus placebo. The pain was recorded up to 120 min and compared between the groups. Results: Based on the obtained results, 23 (28.8%) and 16 (20%) patients in the ketamine intervention and control placebo groups had side effects, respectively, showing no significant difference (P=0.197). In addition, the pain significantly reduced in both groups (P=0.001). However, the results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain reduction trend (P=0.275). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that ketamine has no superior effect when administered as an adjunct to opioid for pain control in traumatic patients.