European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Efforts to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical in light of the ongoing worldwide spread of COVID-19. Recently developed diagnostic tools include CRISPR, IgG tests, spike protein detection, and artificial intelligence. RT-PCR has been replaced with point-of-care assays, which may be performed at the patient's bedside (RT-PCR). All of these options are available to treat the disease: antivirals and other antiparasitic agents, anti-inflammatory medications like interferon or convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies like gamma-globulin, and RNAi treatments like mesenchymal stem cell therapy are among the options (ECMO). More than a dozen different types of vaccines are now being tested in clinical studies. Furthermore, breakthrough technologies that are easily deployable and transportable.In addition, vaccination delivery technologies are being developed. The threat of a second wave of infection needs strict and reasonable control mechanisms to keep mortality to a minimal when governments begin to loosen their lockdown tactics. Research into COVID-19's advances in diagnostics and treatment may serve as a platform for future research that can lead to improved containment strategies.

A type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack brought on by a partial blockage of the coronary artery, which allows blood to still reach the heart muscle. Instead of a sudden blockage, this kind of heart attack is frequently brought on by a slow accumulation of plaque in the coronary artery. The EKG and cardiac imaging procedures, such as echocardiography or cardiac MRI, are typically used to diagnose type 2 MI. Treatment for type 2 MI may entail a change in lifestyle, medication, or interventions like angioplasty or bypass surgery. People with type 2 MI often have a fair prognosis and recover fully most of the time.However, those who have type 2 MI are more likely to experience additional heart attacks or other cardiovascular problems

SBP is still a serious complication with a dismal outlook. The prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and SBP remains dismal, with a death rate of 21-41%, despite the introduction of new preventive strategies such as early detection and treatment with albumin and new antibiotics. The incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis lowers the survival rate to 31% after one year. To enhance prognosis in this situation, it is crucial to identify patients who are at a higher risk of passing away.

The frequency of cirrhosis is about 20–40 cases per 100,000 populations, and this indicator is steadily increasing. At present, it is one of the six main causes of death at the age of 35–60 years in economically developed countries. Foreign and domestic scientists are working on the development and synthesis of new drugs of chemical and natural origin for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases of various origins, in particular liver cirrhosis. Many studies have shown an important pathogenic role in the occurrence and progression of some liver diseases with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics are an effective treatment for liver diseases, which can correct the intestinal microbiota.

Diagnosis is an area of utmost importance in medical treatment. A person can be cured only when the doctor properly diagnoses the disease and gives the appropriate treatment. However, wrong diagnosis, wrong treatment even when the disease is correctly diagnosed, and wrong treatment can cause side effects and delay the cure. Sometimes it can be life-threatening. It is important for us to know how allopathic doctors, who are now called modern doctors, diagnose disease. They first note down the patient's complaints in order. In this paper, an innovation development of disease identification was proposed using medical deep learning model. The complete and correct information they can provide helps in proper diagnosis. Only after that the doctors examine the patient's body. Testing is not just about checking pulse and blood pressure. All body parts will be examined like abdomen, nervous system-brain function, muscle, skeletal system. Urinary tract and sexual organs will also be examined by the appropriate doctor. Thus, after doing a full body examination, they find out what the patient is suffering from.

-Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disorder for which multiple treatment approaches are required, depending on the reason a patient seeks treatment. Its deal with pregnancy with pcos and how to cure, commonly treatment and medication which are used for pcos, infertility will affect women pregnancy and cure how to give hormonal therapy and alternative remedies for pcos like diet excessive, insulin resistance, pills or surgical , Clomiphene has shown the best results in treating infertility, whereas data are limited regarding the pharmacological treatment of androgenic symptoms. Long-term consequences of PCOS, which include type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, can be treated with antidiabetic drugs and statins. Pcos inflammable to tissue and pathophysiology of pcos

People who have been diagnosed with cancer have a significantly increased risk of suffering from depression and anxiety.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the levels of depression and anxiety that was found in cancer patients.
Material and Methods: Patients who had just been diagnosed with breast, colorectal, stomach, oesophageal, lung, or thyroid cancer and were planned for surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination therapy were evaluated as part of the study from the years 2020 to 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained and informed consent was obtained for initiation of study. Patients who have a previous diagnosis of a psychological condition were not allowed to participate in the trial. The size of the sample was determined to be 150 cases (based on an estimation of 30 percent anxiety or depression in cancer patients with a significance level of 0.05 and a standard deviation value of 0.20).
Results: During the course of the study, there were a total of 150 participants who had recently been diagnosed with breast, colorectal, stomach, oesophageal, lung, or thyroid cancer. Eighty-one (54%) patients had no clinical symptoms of anxiety, 44 (29.3%) mild anxiety, 25 (16.7%) with symptomatic anxiety and these rates were seen in 78 (52%), 40 (26.7%), 32 (21.3%) for depression, respectively.
Conclusion: Those suffering from cancers of the breast and stomach had the highest prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to patients suffering from other types of cancer.

On October 23, 2019, by Presidential Decree, the “Strategy for the Development of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for
2020-2030” was approved, which covered nine strategic priorities, the first of which was ensuring the food security of the population. In this regard, this article is devoted to the current state and prospects for the development of the use of electrical energy in the agricultural production of Uzbekistan based on the widespread use of alternative energy sources in technological processes and their scientific justification, which are the answer to the indicated strategy for the development of agriculture in the Republic.

The aim of this studyto compare functional outcome of close and open cross pinning in treatment of Gartland  type 3 supracondylar humerus fracture in children. All patients operated with mediolateral cross pinning were included in this study. The age range was 3-12 years at the time of surgery. All patients were followed till the fracture united radiologically. The diagnosis was based on conventional X-ray imaging

Coccydynia is a common condition that is often self-limited and mild. Although the vast majority of patients who seek medical attention respond to conservative treatments, some patients require more aggressive treatments. In these cases, the etiology of the coccydynia may be complex and multifactorial. A multidisciplinary approach employing physical therapy, ergonomic adaptations, medications (NSAIDs), injections, and, possibly, psychotherapy leads to the greatest chance of success in these patients. Surgical coccygectomy generally is not recommended, and although different surgical techniques are emerging, more research is needed before their efficacy can be established.

Background: Cancer has become highly prevalent in developing countries, and Africa is not far from it. The treatment of these cancers increases the risk of infertility in women. This review aims to understand the effects of different types of cancer treatments on the fertility in women.
Method: PRISMA guidelines were followed for scrutinizing the articles. Original research articles were searched and obtained from online databases including Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Springer, Nature, Web of Sciences, Semantic Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, Research Gate, EMBASE, National Center for Biotechnological Information etc. After removing irrelevant, duplicated, and less correlated articles from the total of 1671 obtained articles, 19 studies were included in the systematic analysis.
Results: Among The 19 Studies Included, 14 Were Retrospective. Based On The Systematic Analysis Performed, Overall Fertility Deficits Were Observed In Female Survivors Of Cancers. Sex, Age At Diagnosis, Pre-Diagnosis Parenthood, And Diagnostic Period All Had An Effect On Fertility After Cancer Treatment. Treatment with alkylating agents, second line therapy, and age>35 years also influence the chances of pregnancy. Pre-term delivery was also found to be linked to cancer-related therapy. The probability of having a first live birth among cancer survivors was low. The site of cancer and age at the onset of cancer were independent predictors of a reduced probability of giving birth after diagnosis. Pelvic radiation was found to be more damaging than abdominal or supradiaphragmatic radiation.
Conclusion: The present review suggests that future measures should be taken to include an assessment of women’s desire for future fertility and also provide fertility preservation options. Fertility preservation strategies for cancer-affected women in their reproductive years. Long-term fertility data on cancer survivors in South Africa are needed. Counseling tools and guidelines for referral to onco-fertility specialists should be developed for newly diagnosed young patients.

Background:Since the first description of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), clinicians have modified and customised the method of TRT in order to suit their practice and their patients. A simplified form of TRT is used at Ealing Primary Care Trust Audiology Department. Simplified TRT is different from TRT in the type and (shorter) duration of the counseling but is similar to TRT in the application of sound therapy except for patients exhibiting tinnitus with no hearing loss and no decreased sound tolerance (wearable sound generators were not mandatory or recommended here, whereas they are for TRT). The main goal of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of simplified TRT.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a series of 42 consecutive patients who underwent simplified TRT for a period of 3 to 23 months. Perceived tinnitus handicap was measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and perceived tinnitus loudness, annoyance and the effect of tinnitus on life were assessed through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Results: The mean THI and VAS scores were significantly decreased after 3 to 23 months of treatment. The mean decline of the THI score was 45 (SD = 22) and the difference between preand post-treatment scores was statistically significant. The mean decline of the VAS scores was 1.6 (SD = 2.1) for tinnitus loudness, 3.6 (SD = 2.6) for annoyance, and 3.9 (SD = 2.3) for effect on life. The differences between pre- and post-treatment VAS scores were statistically significant for tinnitus loudness, annoyance, and effect on life. The decline of THI scores was not significantly correlated with age and duration of tinnitus.
Conclusion: The differences between pre- and post-treatment were statistically significant for tinnitus loudness, annoyance, and effect on life. The results suggest that benefit may be obtained from a substantially simplified form of TRT. TRT improved self-perceived disability induced by chronic tinnitus for a long time after the end of therapy.

Background: Though the earlier studies reported that there will be loss of magnesium and calcium ions in the patients with acute gastro enteritis, the exact measure was not provided.
Objective: The present study was undertaken to measure the levels of the calcium and magnesium in the patients of acute gastroenteritis. This information helps to plan adequate treatment in these patients.
Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients with acute gastroenteritis aged more than 18 years including both male and females were part of the study after obtaining the written, voluntary informed consent. Unwilling participants were excluded from the study. Patients with any severe complications were also excluded from the study
Results; Out of fifty participants, 20 participants were males and 30 participants were females. The range for calcium was found from 6.7 to 10.7 mmol/l. Majority of the patients have the calcium levels in the range of 7.7-8.7 mmol/l. The range for magnesium is 0.1-3.1 mg/dl. Majority of the patients have level of magnesium in the range of 2.1-3.1 mg/dl.
Conclusion: Significant decline in the serum calcium and magnesium levels was observed in the patients with gastro enteritis. The study results support the results of earlier studies. The study recommends the need of future studies with involving multiple centers and multiple samples to plan adequate treatment strategies for management of diarrhea cases and to prevent death of these patients.

Health is a state where all the bodily constituents are in equilibrium and functioning to their optimum capacity. Maintaining the health of a healthy individual and alleviating the disease to get back health in an individual is the aim of Ayurveda. Though all treatments aim at bringing back the equilibrium, the present treatment practices are limiting themselves at alleviation of diseases. The signs and symptoms of equilibrium of all the bodily constituents though clearly explained, it is not practically assessed in patients by the doctor. It may be because of the lack of knowledge or the current trends of clinical practices. This lack of assessment may be considered as one of the reasons for a consistent and gradual raise in incidence and recurrence rate of diseases. The doctor plays an important role in establishing the equilibrium of bodily constituents. He is considered the reason to initiate, assess and continue treatment till signs and symptoms of equilibrium of all the bodily constituents are established. Once alleviation of disease is done the doctor has to advice certain rules and restrictions of diet and regimen for the patients to follow in order to maintain the equilibrium of the bodily constituents. Equilibrium of all the bodily constituents is the most essential factor to assess for the completion of treatment successfully. Once the signs and symptoms of equilibrium of all the bodily constituents are properly assessed, the doctor can avoid the recurrence of diseases and also avoid the possibility of emergence of new disease. Alleviation of disease can be considered as the stepping stone towards treatment and all the other signs and symptoms of equilibrium of bodily constituents have to be established to call it a successful completion of treatment

Nowadays, neuroendocrine symptoms following twin brain injuries (twin brain injuries) are more common and negatively affect the outcome of Brain Double Injuries by reducing the overall quality of life. However, research from the scientific literature suggests that neuroendocrine dysfunctions, particularly hypopituitarism, play an important role in the etiology of complications. It has been found that postoperative hypopituitarism has been a clinically common phenomenon in the last twenty years and is likely to contribute significantly to these disorders, given the parallelism of adenohypophysis among those following neuroendocrine changes associated with hypopituitarism other than cerebral palsy. In this our scientific study, we sought to explore hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms based on neuroendocrine anomalies after a Brain Double Injury through an overview, improved on the basis of an analysis of early diagnosis and treatment aspects

to assess MSCT and clinical and radiological features of dysplastic coxarthrosis.

Lefort classification is the historic classification which is widely used to classify mid facial fractures. The lefort classification was given by Rene Lefort ,who classified mid facial fracture into Lefort I , II and III. Lefort 2 fracture is referred as ‘ PYRAMIDAL or SUBZYGOMATIC FRACTURE .’ Lefort 2 is a floating maxilla which runs from the thin middle area of the nasal bones down either side , crossing the frontal processes of the maxilla into the medial wall of each orbit . Within the orbit , the fracture line runs across the lacrimal bone behind the lacrimal sac to cross the infra orbital margin medial to or through the infra orbital foramen . Extends downwards & backwards across the lateral wall of the antrum below the zygomaticomaxillary suture & divides the ptyergyoid laminae .Le fort fractures are blunt trauma facial fractures which involves specific pattern of facial bones injury. Pterygoid process of sphenoid bones is involved in all Le fort fractures. Lefort fractures are classified further depending upon the involvement of zygomatic, nasal and maxillary bones. Blunt facial traumas due to motor vehicle collision, assault, falls or sports injury are the most common causes. In our case, Le fort 2 fracture resulted from motor vehicle collision.

To evaluate the psychological impact on ophthalmologists of the COVID 19 crisis during lock-ups in India. An online study was carried out during the lockout on ophthalmologists. The details collected included population information, address, current professional status, form of activity, marital status, effect on training or practises of COVID-19, and effect on income and living cost power. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured psychiatric anxiety. Altogether 2,215 ophthalmologists replied. Multivariable research found that at younger age depression was considerably greater. For an age rise of 1 year, the risks of depression declined by 2.86%. Non-practicing ophthalmologists were more concerned about their schooling or professional development, in particular those with difficulties covering living costs. An extraordinarily significant number of ophthalmologists suffer from psychiatric disorders and will need customised psychological treatment of health

Orbit is a conical cavity in which the base lies anteriorly and the apex directed at Optic Foramen .By Age of 5 years orbital growth is 85% complete, finalized between 7 years of age. Orbit is formed from 7 bones (Maxillary, Zygomatic, Frontal, Ethmoid, Larimal, Palatine, and Sphenoid ). It consists of Four Walls – roof, lateral, medial, floor .Medial wall and floor are thin ,While Lateral wall and Roof are Stronger. Floor of orbit is weakened due to infraorbtal Canal passing through it. In Pure blowout fracture one orbit wall is affected, without involving orbital rims. The inferior and medial walls are affected most frequently. Clinical features are diplopia, infraorbital nerve paresthesia , entrapment of soft tissue within the maxillary sinus, restriction of ocular movements and enophthalmos. CT scan is most helpful method for diagnosis of orbital fracture. For orbit reconstruction, natural and synthetic materials are available. We report a case of 21 years old man, diagnosed with orbital floor fracture after slip and fall from his two wheeler The surgical treatment involved orbital floor reconstruction with titanium mesh under general anesthesia. The outcome was satisfactory and during followup visual disturbances or paresthesia was not present.

This review discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, classification, clinical evaluation, and current non-operative and operative treatment of hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are defined as the symptomatic enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushions. The most common symptom of hemorrhoids is rectal bleeding associated with bowel movement. The abnormal dilatation and distortion of the vascular channel, together with destructive changes in the supporting connective tissue within the anal cushion, is a paramount finding of hemorrhoids. It appears that the dysregulation of the vascular tone and vascular hyperplasia might play an important role in hemorrhoidal development, and could be a potential target for medical treatment. In most instances, hemorrhoids are treated conservatively, using many methods such as lifestyle modification, fiber supplement, suppository-delivered anti-inflammatory drugs, and administration of venotonic drugs. Non-operative approaches include sclerotherapy and, preferably, rubber band ligation. An operation is indicated when non-operative approaches have failed or complications have occurred. Several surgical approaches for treating hemorrhoids have been introduced including hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorrhoidopexy, but postoperative pain is invariable. Some of the surgical treatments potentially cause appreciable morbidity such as anal stricture and incontinence. The applications and outcomes of each treatment are thoroughly discussed.

Acute ischemic damage to neurons during the development of a focus of cerebral infarction (CI) is based on a complex cascade of interaction between the endothelium of the vascular wall, hemostatic factors, neurons and microglia. Oxygen starvation of tissues stimulates the production of endothelial cells of endothelial dysfunction markers produced by blood vessel endotheliocytes, macrophages, neurons and neuroglia in response to hypoxic brain damage. The so-called “cell death genes” are activated, which are responsible for the development of apoptosis, or programmed death of ischemic penumbra cells, as a result of the expansion of which the infarction volume increases

Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes extreme acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and vascular injury, micro-angiopathy, angiogenesis and widespread thrombosis. The first symptom of the common cold is upper respiratory tract infection. Currently, there is no precise cure for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 reviews numerous prescription drugs used in global economy, which includes antiviral agents, inflammation suppressants, low molecular weight heparins, plasma, and hyperimmune immune globulins. Clinical researchers are using and investigating various ways of handling the virus. This article explores SARS-CoV-2 drug therapy along with other prescription medicines. The article will do the review of the literature done by the authors about the treatment of the coronavirus.

Objective: The aim of this research was to screening the radicular pulp therapy for the primary teeth. Materials and methods: There were two different clinical procedures were used in this study one was single visit and another one was multiple visits. Out of those two single visits was more preferable. Various methods were also used to determine the working length of the teeth. Results: We found normal and healthy soft tissue after the treatment. No pathologic resorption associated with bone rare fraction also seen. Radiographic treatment was successful without evidence of bone reabsorption and no periapical radiolucency formation postoperatively. Conclusions: Pulpectomy is meant to protect the main teeth that are missing. The pulpectomy technique consists of debridging and widening canals with graded files in advance of shuttering.

The results of the study of the distribution frequency of the genotypes of the
polymorphism of the rs1800629 TNF-α gene involved in the formation and clinical course
of rosacea are revealed, which allows us to predict the development, course of the disease
and to develop the optimal scheme for its prevention and treatment. We studied the
polymorphism of the rs1800629 TNF-α gene in rosacea patients and determined the
effectiveness of therapy depending on the severity and frequency distribution of genotypes

Despite the fact that brucellosis is a particularly dangerous, socially significant endemic infectious disease, to date, there are very few published scientific research on complex treatment, taking into account the pathogenetics of the disease.
Materials and methods. The data of 52 patients, with a diagnosis of chronic brucellosis accompanied by pain syndrome, were analyzed. Based on the received treatment, all patients were divided into 3 groups. The dynamics of treatment was evaluated by laboratory tests, and the perception of pain was evaluated by a 10-point visual analogue scale.
Results. The analysis showed that in all groups there was a positive trend, but the trend of the dynamics was different. The highest rate of improvement in the general condition of patients and reduction of pain was observed in the third group (p-trend<0.0001), which received B vitamins, along with antibiotic therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A lower rate of improvement was observed in the group of patients receiving antibiotic therapy and NSAIDs.
Conclusions. Treatment of chronic brucellosis should be rational and comprehensive, taking into account neurological symptoms, the course, the nature and severity of the pain syndrome. It is advisable to prescribe vitamins of group B, along with NSAIDs and antibiotics, to provide a more rapid improvement in the general condition of the patient.

In the US, dietary recommendations in >50 y centered on reducing saturated and total fat intakes. During this time, however, obesity and diabetes rates have dramatically increased, with potentially devastating consequences for public and economic health. Ketogenic diets have recently gained extensive media interest and nutrition studies. During this time, however, obesity and diabetes rates have dramatically increased, with potentially devastating consequences for public and economic health. Ketogenic diets have recently gained extensive media interest and nutrition studies. In addition to decreases in blood glucose and insulin, which can be accomplished by reducing carbohydrates, persistent ketosis could convey specific metabolic advantages that are important for cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and other insulin resistance conditions. Based on existing data, a well-formulated ketogenic diet does not seem to have significant public safety issues and should be seen as a key solution to obesity and diabetes. Medical studies of good consistency.

from this article we see that why COVID-19 causes thrombosis, A thrombus is a mixture of platelets, erythrocytes and fibrin protein, which begin to accumulate on the wall of the damaged vessel. gradually it thickens and hardens, but in general it resembles a viscous substance, similar to jelly,it can be unambiguously stated that with this virus, from the very beginning, there is an activation of hemostasis, intravascular blood coagulation and thrombus formation in small-caliber vessels of vital organs. In this case, not only the lungs are damaged, but the blockade of microcirculation and its irreversible nature determine the outcome of the disease.

patients under 30. The control group consisted of 110 healthy middle-aged
individuals. In the surveyed population, those with 1 to 5 years of age were the largest group
(38.3%), followed by those with 5 to 10 years of age (34%). In 66.3% of the patients of RA MT
was used as a base preparation. The average dose (median) of MT over the study period was
10 mg per week. 80% of patients took prednisolone in an average dose of 10 mg/day. The
content of lipids in venous blood was determined by photocolometry on Vitros SYSTEM
Chemistry DT 60 biochemical analyzer (Austria). Results: RA patients who took MT showed a
significant increase in the level of triglycerides (TG). Also, it is characterised by an increase
in TG levels and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL) and an increase in the atherogenicity factor. A more pronounced decrease in HDL
levels. Significantly high indicators of the atherogenicity coefficient, which to a lesser extent
depended on the duration of MT use. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and
triglyceridemia are also proved to be serious risk factors for atherosclerosis and
cardiovascular heart diseases (CHD). Also according to the results of the research, special
attention is paid to the use of hypolipidemic drugs, which is promising in improving the
prognosis and reducing cardiovascular injuries in RA patients. In the group of patients who
received additional lipidex SR, there was a decrease in the level of OHS by 17.1%, an
important shift was observed on the part of TG, this indicator decreased by 29.7% and
practically did not differ from the control indicators. HDL cholesterol in the SR lipidex group
increased significantly by 37.7%. These fibrates have a stimulating effect on all components of

C- reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein observed in increased quantities in plasma during the infections and presence of any inflammation, which could be a further possible risk factor in systemic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. CRP molecules help as a biological marker for the determination of the inflammatory process when obtained from the gingival crevicular fluid and there is association between periodontitis and CRP levels. These levels are found to be reduced after the non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment. Therefore, the levels of CRP would play a major role in determination of the inflammatory process.

In December 2019, an outbreak due to extreme acute Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cow-2) respiratory syndrome was first identified in Wuhan, China. The 2019 global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 culminated in an extraordinarily strong risk for spreading. No medications in large-scale trials have been validated with substantial effectiveness of clinical care for COVID-19 patients considering the declining pattern of COVID-19. Remdesivir is deemed the most promising antiviral agent; it acts by inhibiting RNA-dependent polymerase RNA function (RdRp). No medications in large-scale trials have been validated with substantial effectiveness of clinical care for COVID-19 patients considering the declining pattern of COVID-19. Remdesivir is deemed the most promising antiviral agent; it acts by inhibiting RNA-dependent polymerase RNA function (RdRp). No medications in large-scale trials have been validated with substantial effectiveness of clinical care for COVID-19 patients considering the declining pattern of COVID-19. Remdesivir is deemed the most promising antiviral agent; it acts by inhibiting RNA-dependent polymerase RNA function (RdRp).

61 patients aged 3 to 14 years were treated with a diagnosis of postoperative anal incontinence (AI). Gel plastic surgery of the anal canal in patients with postoperative AI is the method of choice and is an alternative to reconstructive plastic interventions. During the operation, the creation of an internal nephosphincter from a bypass muscle coupling is advisable to perform with preliminary stomatization of the colon. The final result is largely determined by the quality and timing of rehabilitation measures in the near and remote postoperative period.

Although a viral infection begins in COVID-19, some patients have overly exuberant inflammation, leading to acute pulmonary injury and a condition of adult respiratory distress (ARDS). As IL-6 is a key role in the inflammatory response, in this single centre observatory study in all Covid-19 patients with a proven SARS-CoV-2 fast-pacing infection in order to escape ALI and ARDS we have assessed the effectiveness and protection of tocilizumab (TCZ). In this single centre The rate of mortality in 104 patients treated for COVID-19 was lower (5 · 8%). The percentage of patients treated with COVID-19 was 11% lower than in untreated patients who had our level of treatment alone and a marginally lower rate of mortality (6 percent ). The acute phase reagents, Ferritin, and liver protein releases were quickly diminished by TCZ. Slowly, D-Dimer declined. Relevant safety issues were not found. An early prescribing of IL6-R antagonists can be safe and successful for avoidance, ICU admission and more complications in COVID-19 patients with imminent hyperinflammatory reaction1.

About 7 months, the whole world has been plunged into the coronavirus pandemic. And each time, caronavirus infection surprises medical workers with its new abilities to affect various organs and systems of the body, which makes it more dangerous for humanity [5, 6].
Unfortunately, for now, there is no specific treatment and prevention for Covid-19 have not find out [7, 8]. Non-specific prophylaxis of coronavirus infection is aimed at to close borders and to stop spreading of Covid-19 into the territory of the Republic, regulated by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 23, 2020 No. 176 "On additional measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection", By the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4649 dated March 26, 2020 "On additional measures to prevent the wide spread of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Uzbekistan", by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4652 dated March 26, 2020 "On additional measures to support medical workers and employees of the sanitary and epidemiological service involved in countering the spread of coronavirus infection. " Despite certain advances in drug therapy for patients with Covid-19, the number of temporary disability of patients for several months is increasing, as well as complications associated with thrombosis of the vessels of the heart and brain, leading to disability for all life.
In this regard, the improvement of methods of prevention and treatment in the rehabilitation period of patients with Covid-19 remains an urgent problem of medicine.
During many years in medical practice we use infrared resonance therapy according to the method of R.Kh. Rakhimov to treat various diseases, to disinfect viral infections, pathogenic microflora and to improve vascular microcirculation, as well as to increase immunity [1, 2, 3 and 4].

The therapy of COVID-19 has attracted great interest in Chloroquine. The latest focus on these chloroquine applications has contributed to a survey on the effect and possibility of hormonobiphase dose reaction on extremely biologically different models. The examination showed that chloroquin usually induced hormetal effects that impacted many types of cells, including tumour cell lines (e.g. human breasts, colons, colones) and non-tumor cell lines, improved viral reproduction, motility of semen, varied behavioural endpoints, and decreased the risk of convulsions. These diverse and nuanced findings indicate that hormetic dose reactions with different biological models and endpoints are common in chloroquine treatments. These findings impact the nature of the study, including dosage number and distance, and suggest a variety of clinical challenges and opportunities focused on the expected outcome.

Objective: To test the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia with diode laser.
Materials & methods: Throughout this investigation we found five cases of oral leukoplakia that were validated through biopsy then diagnosed using laser diode.
Results: Diode laser offers pain free and fast tissue repair resulting from the procedure. The time of recovery lasted from 7 days to 30 days well after laser cure and no resection from 2 years well after research.
Conclusions: The diode laser seems to be an effective means of handling contaminated wounds and helps avoid malignancy by treating oral leukoplakia.

Pan facial fractures are complex to treat and hence have to be systematically managed . Several authors have quoted several principles regarding the repair of pan facial fractures in a stepwise fashion . The most important goal is to restore the occlusal relationship at the beginning of the treatment , so that all the other structures get aligned . The folllowing is a case of a traumatic pan facial fracture and its surgical management

In children with rickets, significant changes in the composition of higher fatty acids in blood serum have been established by gas-liquid chromatography. The depth of changes in the composition of higher fatty acids depended on the severity of the disease. The violated composition of higher fatty acids was corrected using vegetable (apricot) oil and aevit. Apricot oil helps to normalize the activity of serum lipase and leads to the restoration of the metabolism of higher fatty acids, the absorption of calcium and phosphorus thereby ensures high efficiency of therapy in children with vitamin D-deficient rickets. The effectiveness of this method of treating children before traditional therapy is shown.

Objective: Optimization of diagnostics and treatment of gastroschisis in newborn infants.
Material and Methods: We observed 92 patients with gastroschisis. Among them boys - 51 (55,4%), girls - 41 (44,6%). Born full-term - 47 (51%), preterm - 45 (49%) children. On the first day (0-24 hours) after birth received 78 (84.8%) patients, 24-48 hours - 12 (13%) and 48-72 hours - 2 (2.2%) children.
Results: In 60 (65.3%) revealed a total form, in 27 (29.3%) and subtotal in 5 (5.4%) - a local form of gastroschisis. 51 (55.4%) of 92 children diagnosed prenatally pathology. Ultrasonographic findings of gastroschisis were uneven contours of the anterior abdominal wall, and the defect was located a short distance from the umbilical cord. In our studies, ultrasound accuracy in gastroschisis was 100%. Surgery performed 84 (91,3%) patients. 65 (77,4%) neonates with total, subtotal and local form performed radical surgery. In 17 (18.5%) cases made-stage surgical correction. Postoperatively, 52 died (61.9%) children. The most common cause of postoperative mortality were aspiration pneumonia, and sclerema oligoanuria as a result of hypothermia on the road and a painful shock and sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, cardiovascular and respiratory failure.

In recent years, special attention has been paid to in-depth study of
perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, and this is not accidental,
since the problem of perinatal lesions of the nervous system has acquired
particular relevance in connection with the increase in the frequency of this
pathology. Perinatal brain damage accounts for more than 60% of all
pathology of the nervous system of childhood, is directly involved in the
development of diseases such as seizures, cerebral palsy, and minimal brain
dysfunction.

Summary: The choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment of the habitual dislocation of the patella is one of the urgent problems of modern orthopedics. This is evidenced by the existence of more than 160 methods of operations. The ultrasound diagnostic method is non-invasive, affordable and quite informative, especially when choosing an operation. The article presents the results of ultrasound examinations to study the characteristic changes in the elements of the knee joint in this disease. A survey of 219 patients operated on using different methods was performed. According to the results of studies, it was found that ultrasonography is one of the methods for diagnosing the habitual dislocation of the patella, which provides the possibility of multiple dynamic studies and postoperative observation.

The treatment of fractures of the proximal tibia is at the center of surgery traumatology. A high percentage of complications and unsatisfactory functional results require the development of methods for the osteosynthesis of fractures of the proximal tibia. Various complications associated with bone regeneration, such as pseudoarthrosis and delayed fusion, occur mainly with a conservative flight. When using external fixators in the proximal part of fractures of the tibia, the probability of their association is high. The article uses the results of treatment of 132 patients with various methods. The treatment results were healed by other methods of osteosynthesis.

Expansion has been one of the oldest means and also conservative method of gaining space and correcting the intermaxillary and dental arch relationships primarily in transverse direction. As clinicians we all rely on some form of rapid or slow palatal expansion appliances to produce maxillary change. Various appliances and treatment techniques have been developed and used to correct the transverse discrepancies. The most common is rapid maxillary expansion (RME) performed with a tooth-anchored expander. However the predictability of orthopedic expansion is greatly reduced after 15 years of age. Due to this reason, it has been proposed that the MARPE is an effective alternative to maximize the skeletal effects in adults and also to avoid invasive surgical procedures like SARPE .

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency of the number of patients who undergo maxillary single complete denture in a private dental college, Chennai.
Materials and Methods: The data were reviewed from patient records in a private dental college from a particular time period of June 2019 to March 2020. The data collected was then tabulated in excel and exported to SPSS by IBM. The outputs were obtained through statistical analysis..
Results: The results obtained were based on age, the most common age groups found were 44- 49 years. Based on gender, the gender predilection was towards females. The total number of patients who were diagnosed was greater than the number of patients who underwent treatment ( 51.2%) Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the maxillary complete dentures are the most prevalent in the female gender of the age group 44-49 years of age. The number of patients treated were less compared to the number of patients diagnosed with partial edentulous maxilla.

Background: The most important feature in maintaining and improving a person’s esthetic appearance and self-esteem is only by an attractive smile. Smiling is the best method to influence people. The dynamic part of the face is the oral region, with tooth and gingival display during functional lip movement which is unique to an individual, people with ugly smiles develop a high risk of psychological problems. Esthetic dentistry was motivated by the growing accessibility of media and online information has been highly demanded by the patients and tooth color is also used for veneers. Aim: The main aim of this study is to assess the awareness about the esthetic veneer treatment for enhancing smiles in undergraduate dental students. Materials and method: A survey based questionnaire was done to assess the knowledge about the veneer treatment. A self designed 16 questions were framed and the responses were collected through google form app.Thedatas were statistically analysed by SPSS software. Results: Results were represented in the form of bar diagrams and 71% of the respondents are aware of veneer treatment. This study shows a high-level self-consciousness about the veneer treatment 76% of the students agreed that they can brush veneer, 63% were answered for porcelain veneer. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the undergraduate dental students are highly aware of the esthetic veneer treatment for enhancing smile.

Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells which differentiate into various cells and can divide indefinitely to more or less the same type of stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are used to treat diseases like leukemia, lymphoma and spinal cord injury, heart failure, loss of hearing, blindness and vision impairment. DPSCs also have the capability to form clones of dental-pulp like cells. Due to its capability of changing into neural cells it can also send impulses to the brain. A well structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic information, knowledge, attitude and perception was framed and circulated through online survey links. The results conclude that the awareness of DPSCs was good among college students . Some of them knew the therapies done using these cells but were not fully aware of its properties and thus further studies can be done to increase the awareness and knowledge of the use of DPSCs.