European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Awareness of anatomical variations in lungs is essential during segmental or lobar resections of lungs. The knowledge of variations in the lobar and hilar anatomy of the lung presented in this study is clinically important while interpreting the radiological images and performing surgical procedures.
Methodology: We studied the variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures in 65 right and 73 left isolated lungs from the dissection hall, Dept Of Anatomy in RVRS Medical College, Bhilwara.
Result: Horizontal fissure was absent in 3.07% and incomplete in 35.38% of right lungs. 4.61% of right lungs had 3 fissures and 4 lobes. 3.07% of right lungs had 3 arteries, 67.69% had 2 arteries, and 29.23% had only one artery in the hilum. 63.07% of right lungs had two veins in the hilum; 32.30% had 3 veins in the hilum; and 4.61% had more than 3 veins in the hilum. 98.46% of right lungs showed 2 bronchi in the hilum, and 1.53% of them showed 3 bronchi in the hilum. Two of the right lungs (3.07%) had an artery passing across the oblique fissure. 15.06% of left lungs showed incomplete oblique fissure and 2.73% showed 2 fissures and 3 lobes. 5.47% of left lungs showed 2 arteries and 94.52% had only one artery in the hilum. 80.82% of left lungs had two veins in the hilum and 19.17% had 3 veins in the hilum. 21.91% of left lungs had 2 bronchi and 78.08% had only one bronchus in the hilum.

Introduction: Despite its potentially pulmonary complications, Methotrexate (MTX) is widely utilized in the treatment of arthritis. Several studies reported development of various forms of lung disease in patients treated with MTX. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of MTX on the lung structure and the likelihood of recovery following MTX withdrawal. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 albino rats were studied in 3 different groups of ten rats. Group I was considered as control whereas group II (MTX treated group), received 5 mg/ kg subcutaneous MTX (SC) for 5 days. Lastly, group III (withdrawal group) received similar doses of MTX for the same duration but sacrificed 5 days after MTX withdrawal for lung dissection and histological examination. Results: The lungs of MTX treated rats demonstrated a significant increase in the inter-alveolar thickness with concomitant mononuclear cell infiltration linked with alveolar collapse and damage. After MTX withdrawal, the changes in pulmonary structure exhibited partial recovery. This in turns suggests that MTX-induced lung toxicity was to some extent reversible. Conclusion: MTX could result in pulmonary inflammation and alveoli damages, therefore, this study recommends regular examinations for MTX patients designed for early detection of interstitial pneumonitis.