European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital defects, present at birth, it can affect the walls, valves or the great vessels of the heart. CHD considered to be among the most common malformations in newborn infants with an incidence of 8 out of 1000 live births worldwide. Children with congenital disease certainly need special health care. Healthy teeth and gums are important for everyone, especially for children with heart conditions. Providing children with dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in particular during the increased social restrictions, can be a challenging task. The purpose of writing this systematic review is to examine about oral health condition and dental care in children with congenital heart disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data source of Pubmed, published from 2011-2021. After eliminating duplicated articles, the titles and abstracts of each article were analyzed across 119 articles resulting in 86 articles being excluded. The full-text articles in the remaining 33 articles were re-analyzed and excluded 23 articles and produced 10 articles which were then entered into the analysis. Based on this systematic review shows that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have poor oral health. Education and disease awareness about and prevention of dental illnesses have to be guided and steered by the parents. The role of dentists and pediatricians is very important in this case. Providing children with dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in particular during the increased social restrictions, can be a challenging task.

Dental care of geriatric patients is challenging due to the systemic diseases as well as the changes occurring in oral tissues with age. The main goals of geriatric dentistry are timely diagnosis and treatment of such patients so as to maintain their oral and general health. The elderly patients must be motivated and educated with the ways of preventive dental care.

Background
Emotionally immature children are more likely to develop health problems, including dental
problems. Dental treatments require a good level of communication with the patient.
Therefore, in these patients, sedation and general anesthesia are an extremely humanistic
approach for comfortable and successful treatment. In such children, there is no standard
anesthetic approach due to varying clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to compare
general anesthesia and sedation during dental treatment of such children.
Methods
25 children with greater than 16 score on Rutters Child Behaviour Scale were treated under
general anesthesia or sedation. Demographic data, the American Society of Anesthesiologists
classification, Mallampati score, anesthesia duration, anesthesia type, anesthetic and
analgesic agents used, dental treatment performed, secondary diseases, and complications in
the perioperative period were recorded.