European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

In India, adolescents account for more than one-fifth of the population. Many of them drop out of school, marry young, work in dangerous jobs, are sexually active, and are subjected to peer pressure. These variables have significant economic and public health ramifications. More over half of the adolescent girls were between the ages of 15 and 16. The majority of them (50.82%) were from the lower socioeconomic level, 78% were Hindus, 5.31% were married, and 17.55% of their moms were illiterate. Around 9.6% of adolescent girls had dropped out, with the primary reasons being marriage (38%) and not being interested (25%). Adolescent girls were married at a rate of about 5.31%. The average age of menarche, marriage and pregnancy was 13.54+ years, 17.5 1.29 years and 18.23 + 0.9 years, respectively. Majority of adolescent girls (53.06%) were underweight followed by normal (45.51 %), overweight (1.02 %) and obese (0.41%). About 95.31% of adolescent xii girls were anaemic. Around 69.59% of adolescent girls had mild anaemia and only 1.84% were severely anaemic.

Surgical repair of complex ventral hernia repairs are difficult to perform and are associated with peri-operative complications and recurrence. Many surgical techniques have been studied to improve the outcomes of complex ventral hernia repairs and Transversus abdominis muscle release technique is one such procedure.  
Objectives: To find out the outcome of transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) procedure done in patients with complex ventral hernia.  
Materials and method: A prospective study was done among 10 patients with complex ventral hernia presented to General Surgery department of Vinayaka mission’s medical college and hospital, Karaikal for a period of 1 year. All the patients underwent transversus abdominis muscle release with sub-lay mesh by open method. The patients were discharged on 7^th postoperative day. All the patients were followed up for a period of 6 months to identify the outcomes of the procedure and any delayed complications after discharge from the hospital. The results of the study are analysed and presented in the form of mean with standard deviation and percentage.  
Results: Mean age of the patients was 59.4 years ranging from 45 to 76 years. Among the total 10 patients, 6 (60%) were females. Majority (40%) of the patients had incisional hernia. The most common previous surgical procedure was hysterectomy. Average duration of hernia among the participants was 3.4 years. The average size of the defect was 6.3 cm and 2 patients had multiple defects. During the stay in hospital, 2 patients (20%) developed wound related complication such as seroma formation. At the end of 6 months of follow-up there was no recurrence of hernia in the patients.   
Conclusion: Short term follow-up of TAR procedure had shown that the technique is effective in repair of complex ventral hernia without any significant complication and recurrence

A pre experimental research design was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programe on  knowledge regarding needle stick injury among nursing staffs. Thirty nursing staffs were selected through convenient sampling technique. The Mean knowledge score percentage of pretest was 13-6 (45.3%).The mean knowledge score percentage of post test was 25-73 (85-7%) (p<0.5) was found except age and gender. The VATP on knowledge regarding needle stick injury among staff nurses in selected Hospital at kumbakonam

Abused and neglected children are exposed to multiple stressors in addition to experiences of abuse and neglect and possible sequel may manifest at different points in a child's development ¹.
Objectives:

To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding child abuse among the mothers of school age children before video assisted educational programme.
To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding child abuse among the mothers of school age children after video assisted educational programme.

Purposive sampling technique was used Total 60 mothers with school age children of selected area in Karad city, Maharashtra, India selected for the study.
The Major Findings: Data on sample characteristics revealed that out of 60 mothers of school age children. Majority 33% belonged to age group 26-28 years. Maximum mothers 52% having one child. Majority mothers 38% were educated up to under graduated. Majority of mothers 37% belong to income group 15,000-20,000/- per month. Majority mothers 41% having child of age group 10-12 years. The pre-test knowledge the mothers regarding child abuse 29 (48%) mothers had average knowledge, before administering video assisted educational programme. The post-test knowledge of the mothers regarding child abuse: It was notified that majority of 44 (73%) mothers had good knowledge regarding child abuse after administering video assisted educational programme. The mean pretest 11.6 and SD 3.845 and Post Test 23.2. And SD 3.502.
Conclusion: The video assisted educational programme was effective.

The act of burping a baby after they have been fed is an essential step in the process. Burping helps to expel some of the air that babies have a propensity to swallow while they are being fed, which in turn improves their ability to take in food and prevents difficulties. The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not watching a demonstration improved participants' knowledge of proper burping techniques and whether or not such knowledge was connected with demographic factors.
Methodology: Methodology for this study consisted of administering a pre-test to one group and then a post-test to the same group. 60 first-time and/or postpartum mothers were chosen for this study using a straightforward random sample method. The preliminary examination was carried out by means of an organised questionnaire, and a demonstration was carried out for each sample.
Result:  The findings showed that none of the moms had good knowledge prior to the exam, but 60% (n=36) of the women had average knowledge, and 40% (n=24) of the mothers had low knowledge. Following the demonstration and the post-test, it was discovered that 34 (56.67%) of the participants had good knowledge. There were 26 people with average knowledge and 0 people with bad knowledge out of the total population. There was no correlation whatsoever between the scores on the knowledge and practise tests and age, religion, domicile, occupation, education, socioeconomic level, the age of the infant, or the type of diet.
Conclusion: On the basis of the findings and the results of the study, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the level of knowledge and practise among primipara postnatal moms on the burping technique employed for the newborns significantly improved

Background: Hypertensive disorder, commonly known as Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), is more common during pregnancy. It is a factor in both mother and per initial mortality and morbidity, and it is a risk factor for the illness. If women who are at risk for gestational hypertension are identified early, it is possible that some of the problems of the disease can be avoided. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not a "Nursing Interventional Package" is useful in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension in prenatal moms who are receiving care in speciality hospitals.
Methodology: Methodology consisted of an evaluation method to study, with a one group, pre-test and post-test research design being utilised. In this particular investigation, the Nursing Intervention Package on Gestational Hypertension in Antenatal Mothers served as the independent variable, while the incidence of Gestational Hypertension in Antenatal Mothers served as the dependent variable. The moms who met the inclusion criteria had been diagnosed with gestational hypertension, but the expectant mothers who did not meet the exclusion criteria had severe gestational hypertension. After receiving interventions, mothers were evaluated according to a check list to identify whether or not any signs or symptoms were present. These interventions included both physical and mental support.
Results: Results showed that on day one, the level of severity of symptoms ranged from mild (ten percent), moderate (thirteen percent), severe (sixty one percent), and profound (four percent). As a result of the treatment, on the third day, the patient's symptoms improved to a mild 20 (33%) level, with moderate 35 (58%) and severe 5 (8%). The value of the paired test that was calculated is 24.5. This is an indication that the score is statistically significant at levels of p less than 0.05. Therefore, an all-encompassing nursing intervention package is excellent at improving the condition of an ANC mother who is afflicted with gestational hypertension.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that a comprehensive nursing intervention package was delivered to expectant moms who were diagnosed with gestational hypertension.

Background: Drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes are the two most prominent high-risk activities that are prevalent among adolescents in this era. The prevention of unhealthy behaviours in adolescents, such as drunkenness and smoking, is one of the most difficult tasks facing nurses in the 21^st century. This is especially true when the adolescents are exposed to the habits of others around them in their environment. The adolescent years present an ideal window of opportunity to educate young people on the hazards posed by high-risk behaviours like smoking and drinking, as well as to instil in them the values and habits that will assist them avoid engaging in such dangerous pursuits in the future. The first goal is to determine whether or not the students at the selected school are aware of the negative impact that smoking and alcoholism have on one's health.

To evaluate the efficacy of health education programmes taught in schools regarding the harmful effects of smoking and drunkenness on one's body.
To determine whether or not there is a correlation between the level of the adolescent students and the sociodemographic factors that were chosen.

Cardiac rehabilitation is the restoration of a person to optimal state of function in 6 areas; physiologic, Mental, Spiritual, Economic and Vocational. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge of staff nurses regarding cardiac rehabilitation.To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding cardiac rehabilitation program.To find out the relationship between the Pre-test knowledge score and Post-test knowledge scores Material & Methods: An evaluative approach and one group pre test post test design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding cardiac rehabilitation program among staff nurses in selected hospitals, Karad. The study was carried out in Krishna Hoapital & Medical Research Center, Karad and 60 staff nurses were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. statistics. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the fields of medicine and nursing.
 Results: In pre test, out of 60 subjects, majority 39(65%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, only 21(35%) had moderate knowledge but none of them had adequate knowledge.
In post test, majority of them 39(65%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding cardiac rehabilitation program among staff nurses, 21(35%) had moderate knowledge but none of them had inadequate knowledge.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that there is adequate level of knowledge of staff nurses regarding cardiac rehabilitation program.

Background: In India, Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculi. The disease primarily affect the lungs and cause Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Present study aimed to assess effectiveness of Information Booklet on knowledge regarding Tuberculosis and importance of drug regimen. Objective- To assess effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding importance of drug regimen among Tuberculosis patients attending clinic. Methodology : By using evaluative approach ,pre experimental design-one group pre test-post test design was used. Total 60 subjects selected by using Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge of tuberculosis and importance of drug regimen among tuberculosis patients on the first day; then information booklet was administered on the same day of pre test to participants. After 7 days of administration of information booklet, structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to participants to assess the effectiveness of information booklet.

Dengue infection is generally considered to be a pediatric disease but is currently a growing problem in adults throughout the tropics. The Peer education intervention is the widely used and is generally a low cost intervention, conveying information in natural settings where target groups are located.
            The statement of the study is to assess the  effectiveness of Peer education interventions on knowledge regarding dengue fever among adults in selected areas, Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu. The objectives of the study is to assess the existing knowledge on dengue fever among the adults, to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education intervention on knowledge of dengue fever among adults and to associate the post-test knowledge on dengue fever among adults with selected demographic variables.
            An evaluative research approach was adopted for the study. The research design used in this study is Quasi- experimental design (one group pre-test and post-test design). The study was conducted in selected rural areas in Thiruporur. Sample of the study was 60 were selected by using random sampling technique. Data was collected from 27/09/22 to 29/10/22. Semi structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge on dengue fever.  Five adult educators were taught about dengue fever and they in turn taught to the other adults under the supervision of the investigator. Post test was conducted on the 7th day of the intervention.The results shows that in the Pre-test all adults had inadequate knowledge about dengue fever.
            Overall post-test mean knowledge score was 23.61 with standard deviation of 2.98, which was more than the pre-test mean score 7.81 with the standard deviation of 2.78. This shows that peer education was effective. There was no significant association between the post test knowledge level and the demographic   variables among adults. This study shows that peer education intervention is an effective intervention among adults to promote knowledge on dengue fever.

Background: More than 300000 persons die of sudden cardiac arrest each year. A patient in cardiac arrest has very little chance of survival unless you, the bystander, Hence, the Present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding to educate about advanced cardiac life support skills.
This study examines knowledge regarding advanced cardiac life support among staff nurses and whether level of knowledge varies by content area.
Method: Pre-experimental research design with one group pre test post test without control group was used. The 50 study subjects were selected through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by means of a Structured Closed Ended knowledge Questionnaire by interview schedule. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical in terms of mean, frequency distribution, percentage „t‟ test and chi- square test.

In India, nearly 1,392,179 cancer cases by the year 2020, and the most common 5 leading
sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rates showed
an increase in cancer in both sexes. Small and repeated exposure to chemotherapeutic
agents was also dangerous because chemotherapeutic drugs are carcinogenic, mutagenic,
and/or teratogenic. They can cause toxicity to multiple organs depending on the type of
chemotherapeutic drug or site of exposure and can also be inhaled in a vaporous form.
So, this research mainly focuses on preventing unintentional exposure and causing cancer
from the exposure due to less knowledge and practice level. To assess the effectiveness
of planned teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding safe handling of
chemotherapeutic drugs among staff nurses in the hospital and to determine the relation
between pre-test and post-test knowledge and practice score. Pre-experimental one-group
pre-test and post-test designs were used. Data was collected with the help of a developed
questionnaire and checklist from 30 staff nurses who were selected by the non-probability
purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute
and Research center, New Delhi. Data were collected before and after the planned
teaching program. Post-test was taken after 4 days of planned teaching. The finding of
the study revealed that the pretest means ± SD of knowledge was 15.64 ± 4.5 and in
comparison to the mean ± SD post-test score was 20 ± 4.1 and the practice mean ± SD
was 14.86 ± 1.06 and post mean ± SD test was 18.08 ± 0.94. And this shows that the ‘t’
table value was less than the ‘t’ calculated value which shows there was a positive
relationship between the knowledge and practice and there is also a correlation between
knowledge and practice. It also concludes that the planned teaching program was
effective in the knowledge and practice of the staff nurses.

Background: This discussion on technology as a possible solution to difficulties such as a lack of competent personnel and an increasing demand for long-term care necessitates an examination of digital technology in nursing care. We opted to conduct this research since there aren't many good empirical overviews of current technology in the literature. With this project, researchers wanted to map the field of digital technologies used in informal and formal healthcare settings that had already been studied for acceptability, effectiveness, and efficiency (AEE). They also wanted to show how widely these techniques have been applied and which populations and settings they have been used on. Methods: A complete literature search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, the Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, GeroLit, and CareLit. In addition, relevant articles on project websites were personally examined

Diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence globally and
will be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 as estimated by the WHO
report in 2011. Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle
East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes affects the most productive
midlife period but has also started to appear in younger age groups. Type 2 diabetes is now
increasingly diagnosed among adolescents and young adults, data are lacking regarding
knowledge about diabetes mellitus among school students in Saudi Arabia but it is a
potentially preventable disease through a combination of lifestyle modification and
pharmaceutical treatment.

the demand for nursing homes has grown as a result of the ageing of the population. "Multi-shift, high time-varying demand, hierarchical and collaborative" characterizes nursing practice. The number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly depending on the time of day; hierarchical means that different levels of nurses' abilities exist; collaborative means that different levels of employees collaborate to serve the elderly. Because of the high time-varying demand, the number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly. SDP and hierarchical staffing issues are the focus of our research, which includes the design of each shift's time frame to accommodate demand times and how to deploy hierarchical employees to the shifts. The two-stage technique will be used to tackle the issue. In the first step, we construct the shift schedule and calculate the number of employees required for each shift based on the characteristics of high timevarying demand. According to the restrictions of hierarchical coordination and collaboration, we calculate the number of employees required for each shift at each level in the second step. Different demand variations are studied and useful conclusions are made from the sensitivity analysis. Our findings may help nursing facilities cope with increased demands and personnel shortages by providing efficient decision-making tools and methodologies

As we can observe, many businesses do not keep their word as they gain the reliability of their
customers. Hence research is essential to reflect on the eminence of moral development
present in business ethics. For that, the effectiveness of moral development present in business
ethics has to be investigated. This paper of research efficiently measures the impact of moral
values and their development in business ethics. This research measures the effectiveness of
moral development in businesses as well as in organizations. This research critically analyzes
the theories of moral development related to business ethics. It also helps researchers develop
a suitable plan for effectively fetching out moral values from the different business
entrepreneurs. This paper encompasses future research directions, critical analysis of the
proposed research, and background information and theories related to the research. This
paper acts as a base for moral development and their reflection in business activities.
Descriptive research and statistical research tools are employed, and analysis was carried out.
The results revealed that not all employees and employers implement moral values in doing
their businesses.

Back pain is one of the common symptoms during pregnancy. In some women, it ’s
starts early pregnancy and remains throughout the end of pregnancy. In other women it
worsens and continuous to hinder even after the baby born. As the uterus expands, it
weakens the abdominal muscles and alters center of gravity. They also affect the posture
and lead to pressure on back, presses a nerve, the back begins to ache. During pregnancy,
the ligament in the body naturally become softer and stretch to prepare for labor. This can
put a strain on the joints of the lower back and pelvis, which can cause backache. Recent
studies reported an average duration of 6.5 weeks of sick leave as a result of moderate
lumbar pain, approximately 70% of women will report low backache at some points. The
incidence of low back pain is 50-80% during antenatal period.

Cooling is critical to preserve the required effectiveness and reliability in a large range of products such as automobiles, high and medium cogeneration power plants, high power laser systems. Part of heat load magnification and the heat fluxes induce by more industrial products, cooling is one of the industry's main technical troubles such as manufacturing, transport and in microelectronics. The main concept of the paper is to study the LMTD (logarithmic mean temperature difference), Heat transfer Coefficient and Effectiveness (ε) of combined heat exchanger using acetoacetate/water mixture as a function of a diverse mass flow rates. This paper deals with the investigational study on the three different heat exchangers like tube in tube, shell and tube and combined (tube in tube & shell and tube) heat exchanger with acetoacetate/water mixture mostly to check the elevation of convective heat transfer coefficient, LMTD, effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient. These conducting tests give a synopsis of, the investigational study of the forced convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of a 25% acetoacetate consisting of 75% water. Acetoacetate/water mixture flow in to a parallel, counter direction in the tube in tube, shell and tube heat exchanger and combined heat exchanger under laminar flow conditions. A maximum increase in the coefficient of convective heat transfer of 56.3% and an effectiveness of 49.6% is recorded. And also compare this investigation with CFD analysis. However, combined heat exchanger provides better heat transfer characteristics than parallel and counter flow tubular and shell and tube heat exchanger due to the multi-pass flow of Acetoacetate/water. The overall heat transfer coefficients, Reynolds number, logarithmic mean temperature difference, the effectiveness of the acetoacetate/water are also considered and the results are obtainable in tabular columns and figures.

Orthodontic treatment involving clear polyurethane aligners has started dominating the market. Although it has existed for almost two decades now, it is not indicated for all type of patients. Controversies exists in the aligners treatment indications. Some indicate that they should be used in orthodontic cases without skeletal disharmonies with mild crowding, whereas others have suggested that Invisalign may be suitable for even moderately complex orthodontic cases. In this review, a basic idea of the aligners and recent advances are discussed.

Hospitals have an obligation to provide education and training to staff who are potentially exposed and have direct contact with patients. This research was conducted because the number of hand washing non-compliance in 2017 still become the high standard set by the hospital at 0%. The study aims to analyze the elements of hand washing training on nurses based on the training effectiveness by Kirkpatrick''s 2- Level theory. This research was descriptive, using a questionnaire to know the effectiveness of the training and the effectiveness of knowledge. The sample consisted of the nurses at DKT GubengPojok Hospital Surabaya. The sampling technique was total sampling with 14 nurses who participated in the training and also 20 nurses who did not attend, and there were 34 respondents. Fourteen nurses who participated in the training had an adequate reaction level about the training they get and supported by an average score of 78.29 had good knowledge and ability to remember the training material, compared with 20 nurses who did notattend the training. This research concludes that the identification of each element of training gets effective results. Moreover, the result showed the comparison of the knowledge level between the participating nursesand those who did not participate in practice as they received different grades.

Introduction :TFEB(Transforaminal Epidural Block) involves delivery of drugs through the epidural space and along the nerve root.’’This procedure can be both diagnostic (to know whether the given nerve root is the cause of pain) and therapeutic (to lessen pain by deceasing irritation around the nerve root) purposes’’. The subpedicular approach is a very commonly used procedure at present. This technique involves placement of the spinal needle in‘’the secure triangle under the inferior exterior of the pedicle to reach the superolateral spinal nerve responsible for pain generation’’.‘’Transforaminal area is the favoured location,as the drugs can be directly ‘’delivered into the anterior extradural space, i.e. area stuck between the back of the protruded disc and the anterior nerve root dural sleeve,thus reducing the risk of injuy to dura mater’’. Transforaminal Epidural Block injections reduces the inflammation andstabilizes the nociceptive neural activity thus relieving the pain.
Materials and methods :We conducted aProspective Cohort Study at IMS&SUM hospital,Bhubaneswar from Mach 2017 to December 2019.Our study includes 100 patients with lower back ache with radiculopathy due to disc herniation or lumbar canal stenosis managed conservatively for at least six weeks.All the patients have been diagnosed with transforaminal epidural block(TFEB). A complete clinical examination was done to rule out other causes of lowbachache with radiculopathy. Patient having predominant unilateral symptoms were given transforaminal block.
Results :. In our study 78 patients (78 %) had significant pain relief,which common in 48 patients(48%) till the go behind up period of more than 12 months,78 patients(78%)till the follow up period of 6months .The current study also provides evidence that, LTFEB provides significant respite of pain in majority of patients for three months following the block’’. Reduction in pain was assessed by‘’restoration of activities of daily life without the need for other treatment modalities’’.48% of patients who were administered LTFEB had relief that persists for more than 12 months, without need for any other treatment.
Conclusion : From our study we conclude that, LTFEBs are reliable and cost effective procedures, without major adverse effects. Irrespective of become old, gender, stage of injection, symptom period and harshness of pain, TFEBs can provide significant relief of pain in majority of patients.

Hospitals have an obligation to provide education and training to staff who are potentially exposed and have direct contact with patients. This research was conducted because the number of hand washing non-compliance in 2017 still become the high standard set by the hospital at 0%. The study aims to analyze the elements of hand washing training on nurses based on the training effectiveness by Kirkpatrick's 2- Level theory. This research was descriptive, using a questionnaire to know the effectiveness of the training and the effectiveness of knowledge. The sample consisted of the nurses at DKT GubengPojok Hospital Surabaya. The sampling technique was total sampling with 14 nurses who participated in the training and also 20 nurses who did not attend, and there were 34 respondents. Fourteen nurses who participated in the training had an adequate reaction level about the training they get and supported by an average score of 78.29 had good knowledge and ability to remember the training material, compared with 20 nurses who did notattend the training. This research concludes that the identification of each element of training gets effective results. Moreover, the result showed the comparison of the knowledge level between the participating nursesand those who did not participate in practice as they received different grades.

The present research study was carried out to find out the effectiveness of the scheme of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand. On the basis of the collected data it is clear that how much the programme was effective to its beneficiaries i.e. swarojgaris and to the SHGs. The knowledge about important issues such as overall project cost, loan and subsidy that can be availed by different groups of society was missing in some cases. This information remained confined to the group leader, because of ineffective leadership and due to ignorance on the part of SHG members. But in most of the cases, SHGs 75 per cent were well acquainted with this aspect. The progress of SHG needs to be periodically reviewed and monitored to isolate the hindering factors and enabling smooth functioning of the unit. A block level committee is formed for this purpose. Although all the surveyed areas had this committee but their functionality was questionable, because some of the SHGs 37.5 per cent were unaware about this reporting unit. So it was not functional in some of the cases and did not play its role as it should. When it comes to the income of the SHG members, half of the surveyed SHGs had no knowledge about the stipulated guidelines of the government on monthly income

The aftermath of COVID-19 can be observed worldwide, and all sectors are equally suffering from this. The education sector across the world is also suffering hampering the process of education. The total lockdown enforced in 42 countries, badly affected the life of the students. Around 1.277 billion students around the world are being affected due to the halt in the education process. As it is said that Change is inevitable, but growth is optional, the outbreak of COVID-19 has taught that. This scenario has proven itself to be a boost to explore the unexplored and pushed every educational institution to equip itself with ICT (Information and Communication Technology). This review highlights how the world is matching steps and finding a solution to every drawback. This review contains the level of dissemination of online education, the steps were taken by Indian and world government to fight this, how effective it has proven so far, and some challenges that have yet to be overcome.