European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The expansion and development of the economy, as well as the innovativeness and quality of products, are both directly influenced by entrepreneurship, which plays an essential part in both of these areas. The promotion of capital formation, the establishment of large-scale job opportunities, the facilitation of balanced regional development, and the effective mobilization of capital and talent are some of the primary contributions that entrepreneurship provides to the economic growth of a country. Small and medium companies (SMEs) and entrepreneurial supply give an alternative answer for the expansion and development of economies that are unable to engage in capital-intensive and technologically advanced sectors. The aims of the study are to find out demographic characteristics of the various categories of the student respondents and to study the extent of awareness and the participation in entrepreneurial training programmes and to measure the relationship between the awareness and intention of the students towards the entrepreneurship.  The study is qualitative in nature which has been conducted in Chennai city with the students studying higher educational institutions. 250 respondents are selected using simple random technique. The students from arts & Science College and engineering colleges in the Chennai City are purposively taken as sample for the study. The information are collected from them through Google forms.  The data are analyzed with the help of SPSS.The researchers concluded that the awareness programmes and effort for making them practice during the college studies will have big impact on their intention to start the own businesses.

Background: To determine eating disorders among young adults.
Materials and Methods: Three hundred ten school students of both genders were included in the study. BMI of all subjects was recorded. Eating concern score, weight concern score and shape concern score were recorded.
Results: Out of 310 subjects, males were 140 and females were 170. Age group was 18-21 years comprises of 120, 22-25 years had 100, 26-29 years in 60 and >30 years in 30 subjects. BMI was normal in 130, underweight in 120, overweight in 25 and obese in 35. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean weight concern score was 2.63, mean eating concern score was 1.34 and shape concern score was 3.11.
Conclusion: It was observed in the study that most of the students were underweight and had eating disorders.

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19, forcibly moving educational activity to the online environment allows for flexibility in teaching and learning because courses are easily accessed. The online learning environment varies profoundly from the traditional classroom situation when it comes to learner’s motivation, satisfaction, and interaction.Present study was aimed to study impact of online learning on student’s physical and mental health amidst covid19 pandemic in school at UrunIslampur, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Smart phones have a role in learning the subject effectively. Various surveys revealed that majority of the students and faculty enjoy their smart phones as study tools. Smart phone can be used as a Learning objective e.g.; Pose a question and asking the students to search and think critically for the answers and the information, conducting interactive sessions, group discussions and circulating Audio visual clippings.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of smart phone plus conventional learning with conventional learning alone.
Materials & Methods: It’s a one year [November 2017 to October 2018] prospective study on 2^nd MBBS students, conducted in the department of Pathology, Government Medial College to the slow learners, who were identified based on the marks secured i.e., < 50%, in the first internal examination.
Students are then subjected to smart phone teaching along with the conventional methodology. Faculty members actively participated in the study. There were more interactive discussions scheduled from 5.00pm to 6.00pm, convenient to both students and faculty, every day using smart phone as a tool. At the end of the 3rd internal examination, the marks are compared with the 1^st internals, using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: Out of 170 students 41 were identified as slow learners. After 10 months of smart phone as a teaching tool along with the conventional method, academically 75% of slow learners showed marked improvement.
Conclusion: Smart phone teaching methodology is an adjuvant to the traditional teaching method and has motivated the students in self-directed learning and the outcome is promising with good results.

Background:Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) like ischaemic heart disease,
cerebrovascular diseases account for 17.7 million deaths and are the leading causes.
CVDs occurs in Indians a decade earlier than the western population.Lifestyle-related
behavioural risk factors are mainly implicated for the increased burden of CHD, and
research related to these risk factors among medical students is essential, considering
their role as future healers and role models in public health intervention programs.
Objective: Study the prevalence of coronary risk factors among students of a Medical
college in Mangalore.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was done among M.B.B.S students of a Medical
College from November 2017 to March 2018. The study comprised of 500 students. A
pre-tested semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Data was
collected by interview cum, clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: Out of 500 subjects 293 were females and 207 were males. 380 (76%) subjects
were consuming transfattyacid food items. 150 (30%) subjects had overweight and 40
(8%) subjects had Obesity. 80 (16%) subjects had Truncal obesity, 135 (27%) subjects
were consuming alcohol and smoking was seen in 58 (11.6%) subjects.107(21.4%)
subjects had high cholesterol. 90 (18%) subjects had lack of physical activity, 71
(14.2%) subjects had family history of CHD. 8 (1.6%) subjects had Hypertension and
10 (2%) subjects had impaired fasting blood sugar.

Diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence globally and
will be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 as estimated by the WHO
report in 2011. Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle
East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes affects the most productive
midlife period but has also started to appear in younger age groups. Type 2 diabetes is now
increasingly diagnosed among adolescents and young adults, data are lacking regarding
knowledge about diabetes mellitus among school students in Saudi Arabia but it is a
potentially preventable disease through a combination of lifestyle modification and
pharmaceutical treatment.

This research paper provides design training at Russian language lessons at Tashkent State Agrarian University in conditions are created under which students independently and willingly acquire the missing knowledge from various sources and develop research skills in particular, the ability to identify problems, collect information, observe, and conduct experiment, analysis, hypothesis and generalization

Grammar and vocabulary are two vital components that exist in English language. A good command on both of these would relatively make the use of the language better and attractive on the part of the listeners. But today students find it quite challenging to have an excellent hold or command in these areas of grammar and vocabulary and students often end up on a poor scoring scale either in the English subject or in competitive exams or in their professional careers. In order to have an experience and learn the problems faced by students on these two challenging areas an experimental study was conducted among degree students among a semi- urban college and after analysing the results,task-based learning activities were implemented for learning. The outcome and analysis from the teaching learning experience makes the source of this paper. The rapid development and progress among the students become the result of innovative teaching practices over traditional teaching and it shows the essentiality for implementing innovative teaching practices among language teachers. The outcome of the study showed a significant improvement in the performance of the students and also their receptiveness to activity-based learning method over the traditional method that was highly admired. The outcome of the TBL method can be seen through the post test scoring that has relatively improved the overall performance of the learners.

There are many discussions and debates on the flipped classroom concepts in
the contemporary teaching approaches. Flipped classrooms are student-centered, short
tutorials and a few similar techniques that are spent for saving time. It gives massive scope
for active learning through other event participation and prioritizes the learners' interest. It
provides an enormous range for interactions among students, like the face-to-face discussion
between the students and student teachers interventions. It also initiates the pre-prepared
videos by the teachers and also by the experts in the content, keeping in mind the satisfaction
of the learner. Naturally, the teachers face initial problems in preparing the content and using
technology. The present paper discusses the pros and cons of the flipped classroom approach
and its need of the hour. It also pays attention to throw light on the challenges and prospects
while introducing it in the classroom. However, this study hopes to enhance the learner’s
involvement in the classroom activities.

This paper stress the importance of strengthening emotional intelligence (EI) among youths. Human capital resources targeting youths are one of the main thrusts of national development in Malaysia especially from the political, economic, social and educational aspects. The main target of this study was to test the presence of the significance impact of EI competence on the constructs determining youths’ political behaviour. A total of 313 students from four public universities in Malaysia were selected as the sample. The Emotional Intelligence Self-Description Inventory (EISDI), and Political Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) were used to obtain data which was analysed using regression analysis. The findings showed that the hypotheses were accepted, i.e. there is an impact of EI competence on the political behaviour which significantly influenced EI on the constructs of political behaviour namely conservativism and nationalism. Hence, EI can be construed to be a determining factor in behaviour and ideology that signifies political maturity among Malaysian youth.

Background: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most frequent regional anaesthesia technique used in dental procedures and has been reported to have the highest failure rates among dental undergraduates, interns and even, dental professionals. Hence, local anaesthesia has been formally taught in worldwide dental curriculum since the 1940s. This was when lignocaine was introduced as the safest anaesthesia medium for dental anaesthesia. Otherwise, dental anaesthesia was performed by Horace Wells in 1920s using cocaine. Purpose. This study is mainly aimed to examine the difference between Year 1 and Year 3 dental undergraduates towards perceived attributes of innovation diffusion theory and intention to use a Novel Local Anaesthesia Simulator Kit (LASK) in competently performing inferior alveolar nerve block in pre-clinical simulation. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using questionnaire; and distributed to dental undergraduates. A total of 150 questionnaires were valid for data analysis. Results. The findings revealed that the perceived attributes of relative advantage, compatibility, observability and trialability were statistically different for both groups of students. However, results indicate that complexity construct for both non-clinical and pre-clinical groups of students were not statistically significant difference. Conclusion. The findings of this study will contribute to specific educational significance in the dental curriculum, especially in assessment of dental undergraduates’ clinical competence dental undergraduates at a more microscopic level.

The most common psychiatric disorder in young people is depression. Unipolar depressive disorder in young people are common globally but still unrecognized. The incidence is growing sharply following the puberty, especially in girls, and the 1-year prevalence rate at the end of adolescence exceeds by 4%. In middle and low-income nations, the burden is highest. Depression is related to current and potential illness and raises the risk of suicide. A family history of depression and exposure to psycho-social stress were the most important risk factors for depression in young people. Adolescence is a physical, social, sexual and emotional stress phase and it is a topic of concern at this stage of life if there are mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and stress. The inherited risks, developmental factors, sexual hormones and psycho-social adversity interact in order to increase risk by hormone and associated neural disturbance factors. In this study, the student's executive functions were studied and compared with those of a stable person with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. These scales are structured to measure depression, anxiety and stress in negative emotional states.

Background: Terminal disease causes pain that is unbearable by the patient. Euthanasia is an act of someone ending his life in order to relieve the pain he is suffering. Euthanasia is still prohibited in Indonesia. Education on ethical and basic knowledge between junior high schools located on the banks of the Martapura river may have differences due to local traditions regarding euthanasia, therefore research is needed to see differences in knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about euthanasia among SMPN 1 Astambul and SMPN 1 Karang Intan students. Methods: The research design used analytic observational with cross sectional method. The sample consisted of 100 students, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a 95% degree of confidence. Result: The results showed that the level of students' knowledge about euthanasia was still lacking, the majority of attitudes and perceptions about euthanasia were negative. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, perception regarding euthanasia based on their origin school. There were a significant differences in knowledge and attitudes based on parental education and occupation.

Disseminating information on psychological health for university students is critical to university adjustment, interpersonal relationships, academic issues, and others. Using smartphones as the mean of conveying information is vital as it become devices of choice for the millennials. On this basis, the study aims in developing DeStressMeNow app that acts as early preventative tool in managing stress: to identify stressors, to understand its negative consequences, and to cope with stress. There are three main parts; online activities, offline activities and a podcast; along with detailed definition, self-assessment, techniques and strategies, and stress management success stories revealing the app novelty and uniqueness. The results from Usability Testing show that Relax Your Mind is the favorite segment of the app and is effective in managing stress. Further, the results of the effectiveness study of the app showed its significance in decreasing the stress level among university students. It extends the Emotional Intelligence principle in stress management and improve students’ health. We are proposing a mobile app, a technical version of stress management module, as an accessible instrument to prevent the high occurrence of stress among university students

This research aims to describe the implementation of the deradicalization strategy of religion for right and ideal format among the students of Islamic Universities. This research is qualitative with a field research approach. The data collection method uses observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method was conducted in four steps data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion or verification. The research was conducted at three Islamic Universities (PTKIN) in Indonesia, namely STAIN Bengkalis, IAIN Purwokerto, and UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Based on the research results, it was found that the ideal format for religious deradicalization in PTKIN was through; 1) Early detection of radicalism against new students of State Islamic Universities, 2) The recognition process of academic and students’ culture (PBAK), 3) Strengthening the religious academic institution and the student organizations, and 4) Making treasure of the veiled female students and giving for their groups. The four methods above can be used as the chancellors' policies in deradicalizing their respective campuses.

It is an unforgivable mistake to underestimate the role of motivation in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, to look at it as an insignificant issue, to ignore the requirements in this regard. Focusing on some of the technological challenges of shaping lifestyles, it is important to note that science cannot rely on a flow of science-based information to find solutions to existing problems, both in science and in the process of shaping a healthy lifestyle. Motivation is based on the fact that people need to work hard to ensure their health, which is an important vital need, and not to leave it in the clutches of fate and the vortex of life.

Giving assignments is one method that can motivate students to learn or train students' level of discipline and psychomotor. This study aims to identify the effect of giving closed and open forms of assignments on the online medium of E-Learning on the level of anxiety experienced by students in the Associate Degree of Midwifery of Megarezky University, Makassar.
This study used a Combination Method between research and development methods (Research and Development) with the Experiment Method. About 55 respondents chosen by the sampling technique. The assignment was given twice, including pre-and post-test.At pre-test, the open and closed assignments to develop the product model assignment in the Indonesia Online College application were given to the students. In Post-test, the data collected only using the Google Forms Hars Scale questionnaire instrument. This research was conducted at the Department of Midwifery, Megarezky University, Makassar in
November 2020. The data were analyzed using statistical tests using the Mann Whitney test.
The study found that the meanvalue of open assignments was 20.93, witha minimum value of 10 and a maximum value of 39. In closed assignments, the mean value was 30.98, with the minimum value was 13 and the maximum value was 48. Based on the Mann Whitney test analysis, the results of giving closed and open onlineassignments through e-learning mediareached a probability value Asymp Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.005.
There was a significant influence between giving closed and open forms of assignments on students' anxiety in E-Learning online medium, such as using the Indonesia Kuliah Online application.

Traditional face-to-face learning and online learning have become a debate for decades, which is more effective and has a significant impact on students' learning. The pandemic of COVID-19 has forced students to change their study mode from traditional face-to-face learning to online learning. This study has conducted a study to identify which ways are more effective, the traditional face-to-face learning or online learning using a quantitative method of online survey questionnaires. This study intends to fill this void in the literature and explore students’ perceptions of online learning versus traditional face-to-face learning. This study used target respondents of 148 public and private university students in Malaysia. According to the results, most of the respondents preferred traditional face-to-face learning is more effective than online learning because of some problems they encountered while doing online learning, such as lack of course instructions and unreliable university internet connection.

Self efficacy can influence a person's choice of action. Likewise, individual students of primary school age are able to brush their teeth with the correct procedure. This study aims to examine the effect of self-efficacy on students' actions to brush their teeth properly (with the right tool, on time and in the right way).
The research method was a quasi-experimental research design with a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. In this research design, the subjects were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and the control group, all of which would be carried out pretest and posttest. The population of this study were all Grade 5 Elementary School students in the working area of Puskesmas Pegandan Kota Semarang. The intervention carried out was assisting in teeth brushing use a control card when brushing teeth at home for 10 days, after being given education using booklets to both groups.
Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine differences in self-efficacy and student actions before and after the intervention in the intervention group and t test in the control group. Meanwhile, the correlation test between self-efficacy and action used the nonparametric correlation test.
The results showed that there were differences in self-efficacy and respondent actions between before and after the intervention (p <0.0001). There is a relationship between self-efficacy and respondent's actions in the intervention group (p <0.005). In the control group, there was no relationship between self-efficacy and respondent actions (p = 0.089).

Green tea is the most popular drink consumed across the world. It is made from Camellia Sinensis plant. The
dried tea leaves are processed and used to produce various types of tea products. Green tea drinking habits
have many health benefits. Health professionals like medical and dental students are undergoing high
pressure during their Study time. Green tea may benefit them from its Consumption range and knowledge
about green tea among dental students is unknown.A questionnaire-based study was conducted. 18 questions
were created about green tea drinking habits, about its uses, about its Origin, and its View on green tea. A
survey was conducted through online platforms ( Google forms ) and responses were collected. The data
Collected were Collected, analyzed and tabulated according to the Values.The knowledge and awareness
about health benefits of green tea consumption was adequate among dental students.

Schools and colleges are closed to practice social distancing to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease. Although online classes are being conducted, some teachers have reported that they do not find the online classes as effective as the real classroom. In online classes, there is reduced student interaction, lack of realistic experience and absence of community feeling. The lockdown is generally considered to have more negative psychological effects due to financial loss, inadequate supplies and fear of life. A cross sectional survey was conducted among students to study the psychosocial impact of lockdown among students.The study population in the study are the students with a sample size of 200. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions divided into three parts and was shared to students using online survey platform. 17.5% of the students felt that they could communicate to friends the same way as that of regular class, 53.5% did not and 29% partially felt so. 57% of the students felt anxious that their studies are affected during this lockdown, 21.5% did not feel anxious and 21.5% partially felt anxious. Most of the students are showing some symptoms of depression due to the closed schools and colleges and social distancing as a result of lockdown. Hence teachers have to handle them differently after the lockdown ends

Self efficacy can influence a person's choice of action. Likewise, individual students of primary school age are able to brush their teeth with the correct procedure. This study aims to examine the effect of self-efficacy on students' actions to brush their teeth properly (with the right tool, on time and in the right way).
The research method was a quasi-experimental research design with a randomized  control group pretest-posttest design. In this research design, the subjects were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and the control group, all of which would be carried out pretest and posttest. The population of this study were all Grade 5 Elementary School students in the working area of  Puskesmas Pegandan Kota Semarang. The intervention carried out was assisting in teeth brushing use a control card when brushing teeth at home for 10 days, after being given education using booklets  to both groups.
Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine  differences in self-efficacy and student actions before and after the intervention in the  intervention group and t test in the control group. Meanwhile, the correlation test between self-efficacy and action used the nonparametric correlation test.
The results showed that there were differences in self-efficacy and respondent actions between before and after the intervention (p <0.0001). There is a relationship  between self-efficacy and respondent's actions in the intervention group (p <0.005). In the  control group, there was no relationship between self-efficacy and respondent actions (p = 0.089).

Quarantine is restricting people who have been exposed to a disease, such as COVID-19. This study is required because during this hectic period of lockdown the only conversation we can have is with our family members. This study fulfils the deficiency of knowing the actual bond they share with their family members during this full time quarantine lockdown. The aim of the study is to know the relationship between family members during quarantine lockdown. Data manipulation is done by google forms. Software used is IBM SPSS. Pie Chart is used as a method of representation of each output variable. 76.8% agreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine and 23.2% disagreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine. (p=0.135, indicating statistically not significant )The association between gender was assessed by Chi Square test where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We have observed association between gender and responses about whether they like their families was found to be statistically significant. Various members may have varying needs that can cause stress and struggle. But in such times, providing them with comfort and love, regularly checking in, sharing their worries, offering whatever support can prove beneficial in strengthening relationships.

Background:
       Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Data are lacking regarding knowledge about diabetes mellitus among school students in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic, who may eventually end up with full- blown diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is fast becoming a global epidemic and the number of individuals with diabetes in the world is expected to reach 330 million by 2030. The rate of T2DM is rapidly increasing in developing countries, particularly among younger age groups a cross-sectional study indicated that Saudi adolescents exhibited more health-related knowledge than the older population; the majority of the adolescents believed that obesity was dangerous and that regular exercise was beneficial for their health. Saudi adolescents are at a high risk of developing diabetes as many suffer from obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and hereditary diabetes. In 2004, almost a quarter (23.7%) of the Saudi population was diagnosed with T2DM; this was 10 times the number of diabetic individuals in 1980.6 The occurrence of T2DM has been linked to the high rate of overweight adults (35.5%) in the Saudi population and the number of overweight and obese Saudi adolescents is high among both genders.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among secondary school students at the Makkah in Saudi Arabia 2019.
Method: cross sectional descriptive study conducted among secondary school students at Makkah, during the April to June, 2019, the Sample size of diabetic secondary school students. Our total participants were (500).
Results:knowledge of the participant toward diabetes mellitus study results show the majority of participant had average information were(61.0%) while weak knowledge were (31.0%) the data ranged from (4-13) by mean ±SD (9.011±2.314).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge and awareness of a considerable number of high school students regarding DM was inadequate, and some of them possessed various misconceptions about this particular chronic disease. Health authorities and school authorities in the region should offer special efforts to improve the level of knowledge and awareness of the students through regular health education campaigns.Diabetes Day should be celebrated in all schools and workshops and lectures given by professionals in collaboration with Ministry of Health on this day are recommended to increase the level of awareness of diabetes

Background: Medicine is universally known as a practically oriented subject. This study puts in an effort to find the student’s and faculty’s perceptions of online learning. This is a very important study because we know the MBBS course is very much practically oriented and what impact does the online classes will be able to put is the question.
Aims and Objectives: To study the student’s and faculty’s perceptions of online learning.
Materials and Methods: This study was done in Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. The study was done from May 2017 to Nov 2018. A set of validated questionnaire was given to the students and teachers. 120 students MBBS phase 1 students were requested to participate in this study after taking written consent. All staff who were involved in the teaching of these students (n=30) were also asked to fill in a questionnaire to understand their perceptions.
Results: There is a significant difference between the teachers and the student’s perception scores.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that online teaching can effectively supplement regular offline teaching