European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

More youthful understudies are introduced to the threat of life overcomers of ‘HIV/AIDS’ - which was exceptionally dark to their progenitors a couple of years earlier. It is seen that there's a gaping amongst commitments to the ‘HIV/AIDS’ instructive arrangement for schools and therefore the certified guidance that's presented. As children are an enormous resource for the inevitable destiny of a rustic, it's essential that they ought to be provided with satisfactory proportion of data so on guarantee themselves and their accomplices to be an overcomer of this still-a genuine killer disease. This investigation is done to decide the information and familiarity with ‘HIV/AIDS’ among some senior optional school understudies of Mathura. The motivation behind this investigation was to give fundamental information on ‘HIV/AIDS’ information and mindfulness among youngsters. The proposed paper would focus on the importance & need of educating the students for prevention of HIV/AIDS. This paper therefore highlights the need & importance of   learning to achieve the change in behavior of a person to make this world “zero new infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths.”

In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of communicable illnesses is increasing, and requests for the treatment of a few of these diseases to be integrated into basic healthcare (PHC) have not abated. Clinical healthcare workers (HCWs) in PHC facilities in low-resource settings may provide cost-effective treatments for the prevention and control of communicable illnesses. Saudi Arabia is one of the world's biggest and most ethnically and culturally diverse mass gatherings. In order to prepare and respond to risks from infectious diseases effectively, timely information management is ensured via the deployment of suitable surveillance systems. Identify, describe, and evaluate clinical trials of healthcare professionals' treatments for the management of both communicable and non-communicable illnesses that call for long-term care or treatment.Aim of the study: To evaluate the behaviors, knowledge, diagnosis, and reporting attitudes of primary healthcare providers in Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022 Methods: A Cross sectional community-based study was adopted, was conducted, in October -November 2022, among 200 healthcare workers in the primary healthcare in Makkah City, a written questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. The questionnaire tool consists of items that assess knowledge in primary healthcare workers practices, diagnosed and attitude to reporting of communicable diseasesResults:      reveals that the majority of participants (37.0%) were in the 30–49 age range, the majority of them were men (59.0%), and the majority of participants were married (59.0%). Specialty of the health care workers  the majority of participant are registered nurse/public health nurse were(33.0%) while medical doctor practitioner were(29.0%).

Introduction: Teacher stress is defined as experiences in teachers of unpleasant, negative emotions, such as anger, frustration, anxiety, depression and nervousness, resulting from some aspect of their work as teachers. Objective was to assess the level of occupational stress and its associated factors among teachers of two private schools from the metropolitan city of Maharashtra.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 96 school teachers of two Private schools of Metropolitan city. Two scales namely Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 items (GHQ-12) to measure social support and occupational stress respectively. Both these scales have been used as stress measurement tools.
Results: Around half of teachers were in the age group of 31 to 45 years (50.08%) and mean age was 38.5 (SD + 9.25). Around 12.5% of the teachers had inadequate social support and about 54.17% teachers had stress. Bivariate analysis showed accomplishment pressure and lack of social support to teachers adds to their stress levels (p< 0.05). Similar finding were seen by multivariate analysis i.e. higher expectation of performance (OR: 2.59) and lack of social support (OR: 2.87) had higher odds of having stress.
Conclusion: Competent work accomplishments and adequate social support to school teachers were considered as protective factor against occupation stress

Diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence globally and
will be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 as estimated by the WHO
report in 2011. Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle
East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes affects the most productive
midlife period but has also started to appear in younger age groups. Type 2 diabetes is now
increasingly diagnosed among adolescents and young adults, data are lacking regarding
knowledge about diabetes mellitus among school students in Saudi Arabia but it is a
potentially preventable disease through a combination of lifestyle modification and
pharmaceutical treatment.

The word “stigma”, deriving from the Greek verb στiζειν(to sting), was used during the classical period to indicatethe mark made with a spike on the forehead of a slavewhen he was found guilty of an offence, on the arm of aconscript recognized as suitable for serving the military,on the body of criminals and other people identified asconvicts. Stigma is a fundamental barrier to individuals seeking out mental health treatment in the Middle East. According to epidemiological studies conducted in Europe and in the United States, mental illnesses are common characteristics of our urban societies. Their frequency is estimated at almost one fourth of the general population in most countries

Saudi Arabia is considered to be an area of endemic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Among Saudi children, the overall HbsAg carrier rate dropped from 6.7% in 1989 to 0.3% in 1997 after mass HB vaccination program among adults prevalence is 0.22%. The prevalence varied by region, ranging from 0.03% to 0.72% with a mean prevalence of 0.15%.The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. Building capacity in hepatitis B virus prevention and management for students is one of the pillars of the national viral hepatitis control strategy. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered a global problem which threatens the public health It may cause chronic infection which develops to liver cirrhosis and leads to death. The population infected with HBV has been found to be about 2 billion people, whereas annually 360 million people getting chronic liver disease and 600 thousand facing death either from chronic liver disease or liver cancer globally. 

Background: Oral health is a part of general health and hence, has a direct bearing on the total well-being of individuals. Knowledge of oral health status and treatment needs of populations with different characteristics is important for developing appropriate preventive approaches.
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between oral hygiene with socioeconomic status among 15 years old school going children of Lucknow city. Materials &
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The schools were selected by simple random sampling method following the lottery method of selection. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index with Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale has been used. Results: As socio-economic status decreases; mean OHI-S increases. Comparing the mean OHI-S between different SES groups, ANOVA revealed significantly different OHI-S among the groups (F=38.84, p<0.001). Conclusion: The mean scores of OHI-S revealed a significant relation with socio-economic status. It was reported that as the socioeconomic status decreased, oral hygiene status of the children deteriorated.

This paper evaluates the behavioral and mental health problems that are seen among girl
students in the age group of five to fifteen years in a school setting. This study used a
qualitative method to study the patterns of problem behaviors and factors that place girl
students at risk for childhood behavioral problems with specific reference to internalizing
externalizing and attention problems. The quantitative method uses the ASEBA-BPM,
while qualitative analysis based on personal interviews with girls indicated family
disturbances. Peer relations, low SES, and parenting style have been identified as key
factors which may have contributed to behavioral issues in girl students.

This paper evaluates the behavioral and mental health problems that are seen among girl
students in the age group of five to fifteen years in a school setting. This study used a
qualitative method to study the patterns of problem behaviors and factors that place girl
students at risk for childhood behavioral problems with specific reference to internalizing
externalizing and attention problems. The quantitative method uses the ASEBA-BPM,
while qualitative analysis based on personal interviews with girls indicated family
disturbances. Peer relations, low SES, and parenting style have been identified as key
factors which may have contributed to behavioral issues in girl students.

ABSTRACT:
School teachers play a vital role in the overall development of achild.With proper knowledge on oral health and related practices they can instill good oral hygiene practices and related behaviours from a very early age. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of school teachers in educating school children regarding oral health.A questionnaire consisted of 15 questions on oral health’s knowledge,attitude and practice were formulated and distributed among school teachers.The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and chi square tests were done between knowledge and gender,attitude and gender and practice and gender.The results were formulated in tables and graphs.The results showed that 85% of school teachers had good knowledge,95% had positive attitude and 66% had good practice regarding oral health.The study concludes that school teachers had adequate knowledge and positive attitude in educating school children regarding oral health.

Background:
       Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Data are lacking regarding knowledge about diabetes mellitus among school students in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic, who may eventually end up with full- blown diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is fast becoming a global epidemic and the number of individuals with diabetes in the world is expected to reach 330 million by 2030. The rate of T2DM is rapidly increasing in developing countries, particularly among younger age groups a cross-sectional study indicated that Saudi adolescents exhibited more health-related knowledge than the older population; the majority of the adolescents believed that obesity was dangerous and that regular exercise was beneficial for their health. Saudi adolescents are at a high risk of developing diabetes as many suffer from obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and hereditary diabetes. In 2004, almost a quarter (23.7%) of the Saudi population was diagnosed with T2DM; this was 10 times the number of diabetic individuals in 1980.6 The occurrence of T2DM has been linked to the high rate of overweight adults (35.5%) in the Saudi population and the number of overweight and obese Saudi adolescents is high among both genders.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among secondary school students at the Makkah in Saudi Arabia 2019.
Method: cross sectional descriptive study conducted among secondary school students at Makkah, during the April to June, 2019, the Sample size of diabetic secondary school students. Our total participants were (500).
Results:knowledge of the participant toward diabetes mellitus study results show the majority of participant had average information were(61.0%) while weak knowledge were (31.0%) the data ranged from (4-13) by mean ±SD (9.011±2.314).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge and awareness of a considerable number of high school students regarding DM was inadequate, and some of them possessed various misconceptions about this particular chronic disease. Health authorities and school authorities in the region should offer special efforts to improve the level of knowledge and awareness of the students through regular health education campaigns.Diabetes Day should be celebrated in all schools and workshops and lectures given by professionals in collaboration with Ministry of Health on this day are recommended to increase the level of awareness of diabetes