European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Cancer has become highly prevalent in developing countries, and Africa is not far from it. The treatment of these cancers increases the risk of infertility in women. This review aims to understand the effects of different types of cancer treatments on the fertility in women.
Method: PRISMA guidelines were followed for scrutinizing the articles. Original research articles were searched and obtained from online databases including Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Springer, Nature, Web of Sciences, Semantic Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, Research Gate, EMBASE, National Center for Biotechnological Information etc. After removing irrelevant, duplicated, and less correlated articles from the total of 1671 obtained articles, 19 studies were included in the systematic analysis.
Results: Among The 19 Studies Included, 14 Were Retrospective. Based On The Systematic Analysis Performed, Overall Fertility Deficits Were Observed In Female Survivors Of Cancers. Sex, Age At Diagnosis, Pre-Diagnosis Parenthood, And Diagnostic Period All Had An Effect On Fertility After Cancer Treatment. Treatment with alkylating agents, second line therapy, and age>35 years also influence the chances of pregnancy. Pre-term delivery was also found to be linked to cancer-related therapy. The probability of having a first live birth among cancer survivors was low. The site of cancer and age at the onset of cancer were independent predictors of a reduced probability of giving birth after diagnosis. Pelvic radiation was found to be more damaging than abdominal or supradiaphragmatic radiation.
Conclusion: The present review suggests that future measures should be taken to include an assessment of women’s desire for future fertility and also provide fertility preservation options. Fertility preservation strategies for cancer-affected women in their reproductive years. Long-term fertility data on cancer survivors in South Africa are needed. Counseling tools and guidelines for referral to onco-fertility specialists should be developed for newly diagnosed young patients.

Background: Cervical cancer is among the most frequent cancer types in women worldwide. Radiotherapy, including external beam radiation and brachytherapy, is one of the commonly used treatment options for cervical cancer. However, the response and adverse effects of radiation therapy on cervical cancer survival have been poorly investigated with inconclusive result. Therefore, the aim of this study was possibly to explore the potential factors that might affect the response to radiotherapy in patients affected with cervical cancer and thus providing information for an eminent decision making in a way to a better therapy.
Materials and Methodology: This study included 150 cases for the effective analysis. The data of the all the subject analysed were diagnosed with cervical cancer based on histopathology examination where a complete standard-protocol radiotherapy [external curative dose of 46–50 Gy (25 fractions) using Photon on LINAC with 6-10 Mega Volt energy, continued to brachytherapy using the after loading method HDR microselectron unit of ¹²⁹Ir, dose 700cGy, three times to A-point week apart].
Results: Of the total of 150 cases, 102 cases (68.29%) showed a complete response, 37 cases (24.39%) developed a partial response, seven cases (4.88%) had a stable response, and four cases (2.44%) were progressive. There were no observed gastrointestinal side effects (grade 0) for 121 cases (80.49%), 24 cases were grade 1 (16.26%), five cases were from grade 2 (3.25%), and no cases were seen grade 3.
Conclusion: Most of definitive-curative radiotherapy responses for patients with stage IIA-IIIB cervical cancer were complete (68.29%). Partial response was seen in 24.49%, stable response in 4.88% and progressive response in 2.44%. The clinical characteristics that are significantly associated with the complete response to radiotherapy was seen in the largest tumour diameter. Clinicopathological factors like age, BMI, blood haemoglobin level, blood leucocyte count, serum albumin level, FIGO stage, histopathology and tissue differentiation were not statistically significant.

To figure out how well pre-operative (neo-adjuvant) chemo-radiotherapy works for patients with
locally advanced rectal cancer by looking at the rates of radiation enteritis after both preoperative
and post-operative treatment. Follow-up continues until November 2019. The research
required appropriate biochemistry, pathology, radiography, and medical/surgical management.
Since June 2019, outpatients are assessed. Rectal cancer research studied age, sex, diagnosis
delay, mortality, treatment options, death causes, surgical complications, and hospital stay.
Typical, pre-validated, semi-structured case record proformas recorded the data. CBC,
biochemical profile, serological sample, upright abdominal X-ray, CT scan, transrectal, pelvic, or
abdominal ultrasound. After staging, patients received chemotherapy (625 mg/m2 capecitabine
orally in 4 doses) and radiation (50.4 Gy in 28 parts) and were reevaluated for surgery after 4
weeks. The majority of cases had adenocarcinomas in the middle and lower rectum. 17.5% of
neo-adjuvant patients developed radiation enteritis. To make neoadjuvant treatment standard,
more experience, competence, and patients are needed.

Aims & Objective: The present study was undertaken for assessing the radiological
prognostic factors in patients with carcinoma cervix treated with concurrent
chemoradiation.
Materials & methods: A total of 40 patients were included. Only those patients were
included which had histological proven diagnosis of carcinoma of cervix. Patients were
within the age range of 19 to 60 years. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the
patients were obtained. Thorough physical examination of all the patients was carried out.
Treatment planned was 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concurrent
chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and follow-up for 6 months.
Results: Out of 40 patients, 25 patients had NED after 6 months while in 15 patients were
of residual after 6 months. Among the patients with NED, 16 patients had parametrical
extension of less than lateral pelvic wall while disease dimension was more than 6 cm in 17
patients. Hyponephrosis was present in 2 patients. Among the patients with residual, 10
patients had parametrical extension of less than lateral pelvic wall while disease dimension
was more than 6 cm in 15 patients. Hyponephrosis was present in 5 patients.
Conclusion: Patients with higher parametrical extension upto pelvic wall, hydronephrosis
and greater dimension were associated with pelvic failure of disease at follow-up.