European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Pancytopenia is diagnosed when there is a reduction in all three hematopoietic cell lines. Till date there is limited number of studies on the frequency of various causes of pancytopenia. Of these some have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. There appears to be a changing spectrum of pancytopenia over the past two decades. The objective was to study the etiopathological spectrum of adult patients with pancytopenia over a period of one and half year.
Material and Methods: The Prospective and retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine Aiims Patna Bihar,. A total of 120 Patients were included in the study. All patients gave their consent to take part in the study and were subjected to a questionnaire regarding symptoms, past relevant history, lifestyle and detailed clinical examination and investigations as mentioned in materials and methods.
Conclusion: Pancytopenia is not a disease itself. It is a hematological feature of varying etiology with slight male preponderance. Megaloblastic anemia along with mixed nutritional anemia is leading cause of pancytopenia in India followed by infections being second and aplastic anemia and acute leukemia being third common causes

INTRODUCTION: Haematological disorders are one of the most common disorders encountered by physician ranging from anaemias to malignancies having wide range of presentations. Pancytopenia having various aetiologies poses a diagnostic challenge. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy has a key role in diagnosis and treatment of haematological disorders and various systemic illnesses like pyrexia of unknown aetiology where the underlying aetiology is not obvious. The present study was undertaken to analyse the spectrum of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings in various haematological and systemic illnesses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:  This is a retrospective and prospective study. Fifty patients were included in whom bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was done for various disorders. Patients with bleeding disorders and patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by clinical profile and initiated on treatment were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: The common indications of bone marrow examination in our study are Pancytopenia followed by anemia, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Out of 50 cases, 2 cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate sample. Of the remaining 48 cases – 4 were normocellular (8.4%), 22 cases (45.8%) are of hematological malignancies,  20 (41.7%)were non-malignant hematological disorders, 2 cases (4%) are of non-hematologic disorder.
Among 50 cases 33 (66%) cases were diagnosed on basis of clinical profile and  bonemarrow examination was just to strengthen the diagnosis, 15 (30%) cases were diagnosed only on bone marrow examination and the remaining 2 (4%) cases required further work-up.
CONCLUSION: Bone marrow aspiration is an invasive and useful technique which can diagnose and confirm many haematological and non-hematologic diseases accurately. The clinical profile alone cannot be sufficient at times for diagnosis of certain disorders and leaves physicians in a dilemma. This study emphasizes the need for Bone marrow examination in guiding the physicians for early detection of various underlying conditions and thereby  modifying the outcome of disease

Peripheral blood examination and other routine laboratory investigations do not always provide enough information for diagnosis of hematological disease. In such cases evaluation of the bone marrow is required for confirmation of a suspected clinical diagnosis or monitoring the course of therapy. Total numbers of 75 cases were evaluated for bone marrow examination. Clinical data was recorded including physical examination,complete hematological study along with other relevant investigations and proforma filled. Bone marrow aspiration slides were stained with leishman stain. Special stains were performed whenever required.A total of 75 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 38.8years. The most common presentingcomplaintandphysicalfindingswerefever(62.7%)andpallor (90.7%) respectively. The hemoglobin values ranged from 3-13 g/dl, total leukocyte count ranged from 1300-61700/mm3, platelet count ranged from 30000-700000/mm3. The commonest peripheral smear finding was Normocytic hypochromic and Microcytic hypochromic blood picture each in 13 cases (17.3%), followedbyDimorphicblood picture in 10 cases (13.3%). The most common bone marrow finding was Erythroid hyperplasia (29.3%).

Background:Pancytopenia is decrease in all the cellular constituents of the peripheral blood resulting in anaemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia is characterised by anaemia, bleeding, and infection. The causes of pancytopenia vary widely. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the profile of pancytopenia and its various causes.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Department of Pathology of a medical college hospital. A total of 40 cases of anaemia suffering from pancytopenia were included. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigations were done to determine the cause of pancytopenia.
Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years (37.5%). 57.5% were males. Megaloblastic anaemia was seen in 57.5% cases, hypoplastic/aplastic anaemia in 17.5% and hyersplenism in 7.5%.
Conclusion: Megaloblastic anaemia and aplastic anaemia were major causes of pancytopenia. Proper investigation is must in patients of pancytopenia

Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by a decreased number of at least two blood cell
lines. The clinical features depend upon both of the underlying disease process as well as
relate to the blood cell lineages affected. Hence; the present study was undertaken for
assessing the profile of patients with pancytopenia.
Materials & methods: A total of 20 patients with pancytopenia were enrolled. Complete
demographic and clinical details of all the patients were recorded. Thorough history of all the
patients was obtained. Blood samples of all the patients were obtained. Diagnosis of
pancytopenia was established. Clinical profile of all the patients was recorded. All the results
were analysed by SPSS software version. Chi square test was used for assessment of level of
significance P value of less than 0 05 were taken as significant.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 40.3 years. 60 percent of the patients were males while
the remaining were females. Generalized weakness and pallor was seen in 100 percent of the
patients while fever and bleeding was seen in 60 percent and 15 percent of the patients.
Reticulocyte count was ≤ 0.5%, 0.6 to 1% and 1.1 to 2% in 25 percent, 50 percent and 25
percent of the patients respectively. Hypercellular bone marrow, Hypocellular bone marrow
and Normocellular bone marrow was seen in 80 percent, 15 percent and 5 percent of the
patients respectively. Megaloblastic anaemia was the cause of pancytopenia in 60 percent of
the patients while aplastic anaemia and sepsis was the cause in 15 percent and 10 percent of
the patients respectively
Conclusion: Bone marrow examinations, aspiration cytology or biopsy are important tool for
diagnosis of pancytopenia. Underlying cause and severity of disease determine the outcome
of pancytopenia.