European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age group and an incompletely understood enigmatic disorder of heterogenous nature. It starts appearing at 18 to 45 years of age and it may take years for its clinical presentation to appear. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has a glycoprotein dimer structure and is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. AMH is produced by the granulosa cells surrounding preantral and antral follicles and has an important role in the development and maturation of follicles. Ovulatory women with the polycystic morphology can have increased LH/ FSH ratios; however, a single blood sample can fail to detect an increased ratio. With this background, the present study was undertaken to identify and assess the biochemical test in the form of antimullerian hormone, LH/FSH ratio, serum prolactin levels in patients with clinical features of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Introduction: Leptin is an ob gene encoded adipocyte derived hormone which serves as a relay link between metabolic signals and brain to regulate the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. Leptin is associated with obesity which is a major cause of PCOS in women of reproductive age group. Aim: The purpose of study was to evaluate the association of serum leptin concentration with gonadotrophins and prolactin in women with PCOS. Material and Method: Itwas a case control study conducted for a span of oneyear at one year, at Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital from December 2018 to December 2019, where 60 PCOS subjects and 30age matched normal ovulatory controls of 15 – 30 years age group with BMI<25 kg/m2 were included. BMI was calculated and study population was divided into 2 groups that is Lean PCOS group with BMI < 25kg/m2 and Obese PCOS group with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2.Serum leptin, gonadotrophins and prolactin were estimated on 2nd or 3rd day of menstrual cycle. Data was represented as mean and standard deviation and statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 25. Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA test, correlation was calculated by using the Pearson’s correlation method. A ‘p’ value of

Background: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is an irreversible condition which results from necrosis
of hepatocytes with loss of reticular network and nodular regeneration of residual liver
tissue. This study was undertaken to assess the relation between serum prolactin levels and
the severity of the liver cirrhosis.Materials & methods: This cross-sectional observational
study was conducted during one calendar year at a tertiary care center in Western India
among 50 cases of established liver cirrhosis. Serum Prolactin was estimated using ADVIA
Centaur® CP Immunoassay System (Siemens®) by Chemiluminescent technique. The
modified Child Pugh score was calculated for each study participant. The patients were
categorized into Classes A, B or C based on the score obtained. Hepatic encephalopathy
was diagnosed and graded as per West Haven classification system. The grade I-II were
taken as mild and grade III-IV as advanced hepatic encephalopathy for calculation of the
modified Child-Pugh score. Ascites was graded as mild, moderate and severe. All the data
were stored in excel sheet using Microsoft® Office 2007. Results: The mean serum
prolactin, serum albumin, serum Bilirubin and INR were 48.1±26.8 ng/ml, 2.8±0.6 g/dl,
4.8±4.9 mg/dl and 2.2±1.0 respectively. (Table No. 1) The mean serum prolactin level in
alcoholic cirrhosis (49.2±25.1 ng/ml) does not statistically differ from non-alcoholic
cirrhosis (46.6±29.4 ng/ml) cases (p > 0.05). The mean serum prolactin level was
statistically significantly higher among cases in Modified Child Pugh Class-C (68.91 ±
17.80 ng/ml) compared to Class B (33.26 ± 7.41 ng/ml) and Class A (10.03 ± 4.01ng/ml)
cases. The mean serum prolactin level was 81.36 ± 19.85 ng/ml in cases with severe ascites,
60.09 ± 18.05 ng/ml in moderate ascites cases, 36.1583 ± 15..06 ng/ml in mild ascites cases
and 19.79 ± 12.29 ng/ml in cirrhosis cases without ascites. The difference in mean serum
prolactin level was significant among different severity of ascites. The serum prolactin
level was 81.08 ± 18.04 ng/ml in cases with advanced hepatic encephalopathy, 56.89 ±
15.05 ng/ml in cases with mild hepatic encephalopathy and 26.16 ± 13.99 ng/ml in
cirrhosis cases without encephalopathy. Conclusion: Serum Prolactin levels showed
positive correlation with Modified Child Pugh Score and Fibroscan in predicting the
severity of disease.