European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Traumatic Brain injury is defined as an acute injury to the head caused by blunt or penetrating trauma or from acceleration/deceleration forces excluding degenerative, congenital problems. Decompressive craniectomy is being used as an effective measure in the management of TBI with prognosis being measured in terms of Glassgow outcome scale. However, the quality of life of such patients is often not assessed. Quality of life is a long term outcome phenomenon which must be effectively evaluated.
Objectives: To assess the quality of life of the patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy using EQ5D scoring scale.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted for 1.5 years in a Trauma care centre of Eastern India. The study included 100 study subjects. Informed consent was obtained from every participant and approval to conduct the study was obtained from Institutional ethics Committee.All post trauma patients who survived after decompressive craniectomy were followed up at 6 months post discharge to assess their quality of life using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma containing information on the clinical profile. Quality of life was analyzed using the EQ5D scoring system at six months of discharge.
Results: The mean  SD age of the study subject was calculated to be 51.5  23.3 years. The commonest mode of injury was road traffic accident seen in 62% study participants. Almost 3/4^th of the study subjects underwent surgery for non-diffuse traumatic brain injury within the first 24 hours of hospital admission. Among the 72 study participants that survived, EQ5D Index score to assess the quality of life was found good/ favorable in 86.1% patients and only 13.9% subjects had a poor/ unfavorable EQ5D Index score.
Conclusion: Majority of survivors after decompressive craniectomy showed a good functional outcome as analyzed by EQ5D. Improving patient selection and optimizing timing of the procedure may lead to favorable long term functional outcome in these very severely brain injured patients.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, quality of life (QoL) is a
subjective assessment of each individual's cultural, social, and environmental factors.
Over 90% of the general population in developed countries has some kind of
periodontal disease (PD), according to national clinical oral epidemiological studies. PD
can also affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). So, the goal of this study
was to see if there was a link between OHRQoL and periodontal health in patients with
moderate periodontitis.
Material and methods: Our study included 250 subjects in age group 20-40 years who
reported to the Department of Periodontology. The study was conducted for a time
duration of 6 months. The study participants were given the OHIP-14 questionnaire on
the day of treatment and asked to fill. OHIP-14 questionnaire rates the impact of their
oral health on 14 key areas of oral health related QOL.
Result: According to findings of this studyPD affect oral health-related quality of life
(OHRQoL).
Conclusion: In patients with mild periodontitis, periodontitis had a negative impact on
QOL. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy and personality development counselling have
the potential to improve patient perceptions of dental health and quality of life.

Aim: To study the impact of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) on patients with
regards to the course of quality of life outcomes.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients aged 18-65 who fulfilled WHO criteria for mild
traumatic brain injury (non-surgically managed) were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months
post injury data was collected with the help of following questionnaire- The World
Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF for evaluation of quality of life.
Percentage, Friedman Test, Repeated measures ANOVA tests were used. Statistical
analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version
17.0 (IBM SPSS, US) software. Data are reported as means and standard deviations
unless not indicated otherwise. For the study of paired observations Wilcoxon` signedranks-
test was used.
Results: 100 patients who were followed up till six months post trauma. The average age
of the study population in our study was 38.5 years. Males were at a higher risk. The
male to female ratio was 1: 0.26. Road traffic accidents were the major cause of MTBI.
Alcohol consumption has been found to be a major risk factor for the occurrence of
TBI. None of the two-wheeler riders or pillion riders were wearing helmets at the time
of road traffic accident. In our study the data on QOL was assessed by World Health
Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF-Tamil). Our study revealed that
there was statistically significant progressive improvement in all the four domains of
quality of life at 1, 3- and 6-months post trauma. The quality of life in social relationship
and environmental areas reached a score of normal healthy population by 3 months.
The psychological domain became normal between 3 to 6 months post trauma. The
physical health of the study patients continued to improve beyond 6 months post
trauma.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that there was statistically significant progressive
improvement in all the four domains of quality of life at 1, 3- and 6-months post trauma

Background: The various types of post-menopausal symptoms progressively worsen the well-being of
women and affect, consequently, their quality of life (QOL) on a daily basis.
Objectives
1. To determine the prevalence of poor quality of life among post-menopausal women of rural area.
2. To assess the factors responsible for the poor quality of life among post-menopausal women of rural
area.
Methods: A community based cross sectional observational study was carried out among 100
postmenopausal females aged between 40-60 yrs of age. The standardized Menopause-Specific Quality
of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were
used.
Results: Among the study participants, the most common symptoms in the physical domain were
“decrease in physical strength” (88%), “decrease in stamina” (81%) and “feeling tired and worn out”
(81%). Urinary incontinence was seen in 26% of women. In the psychosocial domain, “the feeling of
having the ability to accomplish less than previously” was the predominant one (78%). Among the
symptoms of sexual domain, “decrease in sexual desire” was the most common complaint (67%). Among
vasomotor symptoms, hot flashes were present in only 35% of participants. Those having low physical
activity were exposed to more postmenopausal symptoms as compared to those having moderate and
severe physical activity.
Conclusion: Menopause is associated with decrease in QOL. Awareness regarding menopausal
symptoms will lead to improvement in QOL by early recognition.

Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a life-threatening disorder which has deadly
consequences over uncontrolled alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol ingestion is the
forefront cause of death in people aged 15-49 years. Alcohol is the most common cause of
liver cirrhosis in many countries in the world.1 Alcohol induced toxicity is the 3rd cause of
morbidity. The liver is the largest and the most complex organ in the body since it runs
multiple functions in the body which includes secretion of proteins and enzymes, purification
of toxins, anabolic and catabolic functions and regulation of cholesterol. It is primarily
involved in the metabolism of alcohol and hence it is the most susceptible organ that
undergoes alcohol related injuries. Alcohol acts as a behavioural stimulant at lower blood
levels but at its higher level it acts as a central nervous system depressant damaging the
cerebellum badly which alters the gait of a person.

Background: The emotional and social sequelae of primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) mandate the search for new techniques. The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser-980 nm versus intradermal Botulinum toxin A (BTA) in the management of PAH. Patients and methods: This parallel-randomized controlled pilot study was conducted upon 40 PAH patients from December-2019 to June-2021 at the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Egypt; the laser group (20 cases) and the BTA group (20 cases). Results: The two groups were comparable regarding age, BMI, and gender (p-values > 0.05). Females constituted 60% & 65% of the laser group & the BTA group, respectively. The laser group had higher reduction of HDSS score than the BTA group at 1-month (1.40±0.50 versus 2.05±0.69; p-value = 0.002) and at 6-months (1.35±0.49 versus 2.35±0.59; p-value < 0.001). At 1-month and 6- months, the laser group had a higher reduction of the mean of moisture percentage than the BTA group (p-values < 0.001). At 1-month, there was a higher patient satisfaction in the laser group 3.5±0.61 than in the BTA group 3.10±0.71 (p-value = 0.036). At 6-months, the difference became more evident with the higher satisfaction in the laser group 3.30±0.73 than the BTA group 2.50±0.51, (p-value < 0.001). The laser group demonstrated significantly better DLQI score than the BTA group at both 1-month (p-value = 0.010) and 6-months visits (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that Diode laser 980 nm is effective and safe as a treatment for PAH

Background: Emotional and social challenges are higher in children with hearing loss
especially during their transition from childhood to adolescence phase. Before the cochlear
implant placement became a routine and widely accepted management modality for
treating hearing loss in children, the children felt more psychosocial issues.
Aims: The present trial was conducted to assess if children with cochlear implants
secondary to hearing loss have similar psychosocial challenges as their peers having
normal hearing patterns by assessing the responses given by children or their parents
concerning the child's health-related quality of life.
Materials and Methods: 62 subjects were divided into two categories of 8-11 years old and
12-16 years (n=31). Independent assessment of children and their parents was done. The
comparison was done of children's responses with their parent's responses, and with
responses of the control children with the normal hearing pattern. The quality of life was
evaluated using the KINDLR survey designed especially for children.The collected data
were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.
Results:In 8-11 years old compared to their peers with the normal hearing pattern,
cochlear implants had a less positive quality of life concerning their family and physical
well-being with p< 0.0001. In 12-16 years when compared to their peers with the normal
hearing pattern, cochlear implants had a less positive quality of life concerning their
friends, school, and self-esteem with respective p-values of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.07.
Conclusion:Children with cochlear implants report their quality of life as similar to the
subjects with the normal hearing pattern. In comparison, responses by parents were
reliable and comparable to the children. The quality of life was better in young children
compared to the older children group.

This research aims to 1) study the quality of life (QOL) level development according to characteristics of Thai elderly demography 2) study the different levels of Thai elderly QOL and 3) study the relationship between QOL development and Thai elderly QOL in Nakhon Pathom province. Mixed methods research was used in this study. The sample consisted of 400 Thai elderlyby using questionnaires and statistics used. The data analyzed were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. The statistical t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were determined. Found that 1) the QOL improvement, the overall picture is at a high level, social support had the highest average, followed by environmental management, participation and health promotion 2) the elderly QOL, the environment was at a high level, followed by social, psychological, and physical relationships 3) overall QOL improvement was positively related to the elderly QOL according to the statistical significance assumptions at the level. 01 and 4) from the municipal administrators of Nakhon Pathom province interviewing, found that the QOL improvement in various areas municipality affecting the elderly QOL when the elderly are developed, they will have a better QOL

Studies have shown that it is easier for people, who are emotionally capable, to cope with life challenges and therefore they are healthier psychologically. Alexithymia exacerbates vulnerability to physical illness and predisposes to chronic illness. The aim of this study was to determine the role of physical psychotherapy on the quality of life of patients with hypertension with alexithymia. In this clinical trial with a pre-test post-test design, 60 patients with hypertension with alexithymia were purposefully selected from the patients referred to the health centers of Semnan and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed during 1.5 months in the experimental group according to the steps designed in the protocol of physical psychotherapy. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed by descriptive, inferential and MANCOVA statistics. In multivariate analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference in the linear composition of alexithymia components and quality of life. Overall, physical psychotherapy has had a significant effect on improving alexithymia, blood pressure and quality of life. Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said that physical psychotherapy has been effective in improving the quality of life and controlling blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure with alexithymia and performing this treatment in the above patients is recommended as a suitable complementary treatment.

Introduction: Women with RA have higher grades of disease activity and more declines in health status than men with RA; this recommends a relationship between estrogen and disease activity and severity.
Aim: Our aim was to detect the effect of sex hormone fluctuations and menopause on functional disability and quality of life of postmenopausal RA patients.

Studies have shown that it is easier for people, who are emotionally capable, to cope with life challenges and therefore they are healthier psychologically. Alexithymia exacerbates vulnerability to physical illness and predisposes to chronic illness. The aim of this study was to determine the role of physical psychotherapy on the quality of life of patients with hypertension with alexithymia. In this clinical trial with a pre-test post-test design, 60 patients with hypertension with alexithymia were purposefully selected from the patients referred to the health centers of Semnan and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed during 1.5 months in the experimental group according to the steps designed in the protocol of physical psychotherapy. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed by descriptive, inferential and MANCOVA statistics. In multivariate analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference in the linear composition of alexithymia components and quality of life. Overall, physical psychotherapy has had a significant effect on improving alexithymia, blood pressure and quality of life. Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said that physical psychotherapy hasbeen effective in improving the quality of life and controlling blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure with alexithymia and performing this treatment in the above patients is recommended as a suitable complementary treatment.

Abstract :Background: An amputee is a person with a disability who needs special attention because of the condition of the amputation they are experiencing so that it disrupts their quality of life. Amputee uses prosthesis for daily activities. Quality of life is influenced by many factors, by knowing factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. Purpose: This study aims to conduct an Analysis of factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life in Indonesia. Methods: This is Quantitative research, using observational analytic. It is a cross-sectional design. Transfemoral Prosthetic user in Kuspito Clinic is the population. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling. There were 110 samples. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software is used for analysis. The instrument of this research is the questioner. Result: The Questioners are valid and Reliable. The Model purposed is fit. The SEM result shows that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support have direct and indirect effect in quality of life. Subjective well-being is the mediator of factors affecting quality of life of prosthetic users. Conclusion: The study showed that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support, are the factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. It is mediated by subjective well-being.

Background:An amputee is a person with a disability who needs special attention because of the condition of the amputation they are experiencing so that it disrupts their quality of life. Amputee uses prosthesis for daily activities. Quality of life is influenced by many factors, by knowing factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. Purpose:This study aims to conduct an Analysis of factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life in Indonesia. Methods:This is Quantitative research, using observational analytic. It is a cross-sectional design. Transfemoral Prosthetic user in Kuspito Clinic is the population. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling. There were 110 samples. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software is used for analysis. The instrument of this research is the questioner. Result: The Questioners are valid and Reliable. The Model purposed is fit. The SEM result shows that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social supporthave direct and indirect effect in quality of life. Subjective well-being is the mediator of factors affecting quality of life of prosthetic users.Conclusion:The study showed that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support, are the factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. It is mediated by subjective well-being.

Background: Healthassociated with Quality of life is most important for people with diabetes but this aspect is given less attention.
Objectives: To assess quality of lifeamong type 2 diabetes mellituspatientsand its socio-demographic determinants
Methods:A hospital based cross sectionalstudywasconductedin a tertiary care hospital from June 2014 to September 2016.130 diagnosed patients of Type 2 diabetes mellituswereincluded.Apre-structuredquestionnairewasusedand data related to demographic profile, history of diabetes, quality of life, stress etc. were collected. Datawere analysedusing SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 130 study subjects selected for the study, 58.5% were males. The mean age 53.68 years ±10.48. The averageperiod of diabetes of participants was 5.88 ±4.70 years. Among participants, 11.5% were suffering from neuropathy. The sleeping hours was less than 7 hours in 27.7% participants. The mean stress scores of the participants was 14.61 ± 2.90 and 6.9% were having stress score 20 and above. The suggested score of the health related excellence of life study participants was 122.42 ± 14.37. The mean HRQoL score was 72.43 and found that 24.6% of the patients showed good score, 56.9% moderate score and 18.5% of the patients showed poor HRQoL score. Conclusion: Steps should be taken in individual and community level to get better the quality of life like counselling for reduction of psychological distress, practice of Yoga and meditation, diabetic diet at diabetic clinics and hospitals.

Background/Rationale: Skin is the most visible organ that defines our appearance and plays a significant social communication role to a great extent. Human beings are often concerned with their external physical appearance, which is directly related to the health of the skin, and if any disease triggers a change in the skin's natural appearance, it causes distress to the individual. Chronic diseases such as Vitiligo, Psoriasis, and Pemphigus severely dagrades the quality of life ( QOL) of affected individuals. ,Psychiatric morbidity was shown by Indian patients as stress ,anxiety depression, lower self-esteem, adjustment disorders, and sleep disturbance, and are vulnerable to various psychiatric disorders such as severe depression and suicidal ideations. The involvement of a chronic illness is typically associated with lower health-related quality of life ( HRQOL), and severity of the disorder often affects HRQOL. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life of patients having Psoriasis, Vitiligo and Pemphigus Vulgaris and To explore the correlation between disease severity and quality of life. Methods: Prospective Cross sectional Study will be carried out in 65 patients with chronic skin diseases, attending Out Patient Department of Dermatology, AVBRH, JNMC, Sawangi, Wardha, will be Registered after having considered different conditions for inclusion and exclusion. A detailed history will be taken, severity index will be calculated and questionnaire, DLQI, HRQOL will be given to the patients. Results: The result would be undertaken in SPSS software. Conclusion: The conclusion will be based on findings for study protocol.

Background:Dental and oral health problems can have an impact on the ability to chew, bite, swallow or talk, one's appearance, smile and self-esteem, social factors such as eating or talking in front of others, pain or discomfort, which will affect the quality of life of individuals. Purpose:of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the age of patients with oral health problems with the quality of life.Method:This research is a descriptive type of research with 118 respondents. The questionnaire completed by the respondent which contained primary data including name, gender, age, disease history, OHIP-14 scale, and five-point scale. Result:Most of the study subjects were respondents who were in the young adult age group (25-44 years), with a higher quality of life score (12.04%). The average results of OHIP scores of subjects with the highest scores stated that subjects in both ages ranges felt disturbed especially in terms of mastication, ingestion, and speech functions by 11.9%. The lowest score is at the point of feeling hard to do any activity at 4.89% and feels easily offended or upset at 5.67%.Conclusion: The result shows a significant difference from the statistical analysis test of OHIP-14 scores according to age. Thus it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the age range in patients with oral health problems with the quality of life.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health problem that affects 5–10% of the world population. With the availability of recent treatment modalities including renal replacement therapy, the survival of CKD patients has increased considerably which has led to an increased focus on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Health-related quality of life represents the impact of the disease or its treatment on the subjective feelings of patients about their physical, mental, spiritual, emotional, social, and functional wellbeing. Quality of life among dialysis patients has been shown to be lower as compared to pre-dialysis CKD patients and is an independent risk factor for mortality in dialysis patients. Family support is an important factor that serves as a support system for the patients to face health problems.
Purpose: To examine levels of family support and the correlation of family support and quality of life (QoL) among CKD on hemodialysis (HD) patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in August-November 2020 and recruited chronic HD patients from Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. The demographic data of HD patients were collected. Quality of life was assessed using the validated Indonesian version of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire which consists of Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) and family support that was assessed using the validated “Dukungan Keluarga” questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 statistical software.
Results: A total of 60 subjects (39 males and 21 females) were included. The mean age was 48.9±12.1 years old. About 55% of the subjects was graduated from college. About 86.7% subject was married. About 55% of the subject is not working. About 53.3% of subjects have a family income lower than the regional minimum wage. The mean duration of HD was 22.1±28.6 months. The mean score of family support was 53±8,2. Family support score has a significant positive correlation with each domain of PCS and MCS, the higher score of family support is in accordance with higher score of PCS and MCS.
Conclusion: CKD on HD patients’ quality of life was significantly affected by family support

The study included 41 patients aged 36 to 64 years, suffering from BA, in whom the disease was complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 17 BA patients with II-III stage of severity with PH (average age 57.1 ± 1.5 years). The second group included 24 BA patients with AH (average age 57 ± 1.8 years). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals (HI), comparable in age.

Cancer not only impacts patients but their caregivers too. The objective of this study was to examine the types of social support needed by cancer patient caregivers and to analyse their perception of the importance of social support based on selected demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity education level, duration of care and income).The data were collected through a survey method, questionnaires were distributed among primary caregivers of cancer patients from the northern states of Malaysia.The findings showed that social support such as emotional, physical and spirituality necessary to help improve the well-being and quality of life of cancer patient caregivers

The aim of our study was to study, using a questionnaire (СОМОТ--15 questionnaire), the level of quality of life of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media before and after tymponoplast.
Material and research methods: We examined 60 patients, over 18 years old, with chronic suppurative otitis media. All participants filled out the СОМОТ--15 questionnaire, anamnesis and otoscopy were studied in detail, all patients underwent clinical studies - these are endoscopic and microscopic assessment of ENT organs, as well as audiological studies, which included a tonal audiogram with measurement of the air-bone interval in both ears.
Conclusions: Patients with chronic suppurativeotitis media report a decrease in the quality of life associated with a decrease in hearing acuity, and not with disturbing tinnitus or otorrhea. The type of chronic suppurative otitis media (epitympanitis or mesotympanitis) in no way reflects the patient's quality of life. Tympanoplasty significantly improves the patient's quality of life.

The dispassionate indicators of happiness measurement consider the obvious conditions of municipal elements, such as housing, nutrition, and the setting. Autonomous indices were done, on the subject of the questions asked by the researchers through the questionnaire of people about contentment. In this regard, it attempts to measure the role of municipal elements in contentment and quality of life of the inhabitants in the Commissioners’ neighbourhoods of Jimeta. The research technique used in this article was descriptive-analytical and data collection was prepared using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The questionnaire contains 3 components of 8 indicators and 29 questions. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Its reliability was 0.81 and was acceptable. The outcomes of the research show that the contentment of residents in the study area is in a judicious situation. According to the results, the level of citizenship contentment of the neighbourhoods is from the social, environmental, and economic components, with a score of 4.35, 3.92, and 2.47 from the Likert spectrum, correspondingly.