European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: The spread of COVID-19 pandemic globally has left us with many unanswered questions about the spread, modality of treatment and preventive measures to be taken to reduce its spread. Lack of sufficient knowledge about the virus and the lack of clarity about preventive measures has led to lot of confusion about healthcare practices. First year medical students although not involved in treatment of COVID-19 patients they can act as information providers and sensitize the community about the pandemic. Hence the present study was taken up among first year medical students.
Aim: To assess the basic knowledge about Novel Corona virus disease and its spread and clear the myths among them regarding COVID-19.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among first year medical students belonging to 2019-20 batch. Data was tabulated using Microsoft office excel sheet and the response were expressed as total count and percentages distribution. Data was analyzed using EPI INFO (Version 7).
Results: Majority of the study participants have good knowledge about the virus, origin of the first case and mode of spread.92.25% of the study participants knew that elderly and people with comorbidities were more prone for coronavirus disease. 100% of the study participants knew that RT-PCR test has the diagnostic test for COVID-19. The entire study participants knew about non availability of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 infection and some vaccines were in different stages of clinical trials.
Conclusion: The students of first year MBBS have good background knowledge and awareness about coronavirus disease which will help us to use them as the information providers to sensitize community people about various preventive measures one has to take to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The spread of Covid-19 pandemic to India and the pandemic guidelines issued by the government to stop offline classroom teaching posed a big challenge to all educational institutes including medical colleges. Online teaching which was never a part of medical education suddenly assumed importance and was the only viable mode of teaching available during the pandemic. Hence the present study was taken up to assess the perceptions of first year MBBS students aboutthe online teaching.
Aim: To assess theperceptions of first year MBBS students aboutthe online teaching during covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among first year MBBS students of 2019-20 batch of Sri Siddhartha Medical College. A self-structured questionnaire was administered to all study participants and the responses were recorded.
Results: Majority of the students reported that accessibility to record lectures which they can use to revisit any of the lecture classes and clear their doubts as one of the major advantages of online teaching. 84.66% of the students reported their liking to online classes because of the convenience and flexibility to attend classes in a familiar and comfortable environment in home. 30.66% of the students reported internet connectivity issues as one of the problems in distant mode of teaching.42.66% of the students reported less student teacher interaction as one of the major drawbacks of online teaching. 64% of the students reported curriculum content issues like having no practical demonstrations and no clinical visits to hospital as one of the major limitations of this mode of teaching. Majority of the study population displayed adequate knowledge to effectively use the technology to attend online classes.
Conclusion: Improved quality of internet connectivity and enhanced student teacher interaction would improve the learning experience of the students in online teaching.

Aim: To evaluate the dentist’s perception regarding the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on
their clinical practice in the post-lockdown period.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted among dentists, practicing in
India, through an online close-ended structured questionnaire. Both convenience and
snowball sampling were used for the distribution of online forms. The frequency
distribution test and chi-square test (α=0.05) were performed for the demographics, clinical
expenditure of the dentists & treatment provided to the patients by the dentists and to
evaluate their perception of clinical practice in post-lockdown period, respectively. The null
hypothesis stated that there is no difference in their clinical practices and alternative
hypothesis stated that the dentists did anticipate and felt the change in their clinical
practices amid COVID-19 pandemic. The data were tabulated and analysed using IBM
SPSS for Windows, v. 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA).
Results: The response rate was 98.52% and the p-valuefor all the questions related to the
perception of their clinical practice amid COVID-19 pandemic was less than 0.05,
suggested that the dentists have anticipated and felt that there will be a change in their
clinical practice amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Various possible and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms may play a role in the development of ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19. Long duration of mechanical ventilation (ALV) makes patients with COVID-19 who require invasive respiratory supportb more vulnerable to complications associated with the development of critical illness, including the risk of hypotension and inadequate cerebral perfusion; risk of relative hypertension leading to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; the possibility of septic embolism in the event of a bacterial infection; the possibility of cardiomyopathy and a concomitant decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction.

Currently, the world community is faced with a new infectious disease that has not only medical, but also enormous socio-economic significance - the COVID-19 pandemic. (coronavirus disease 2019). The article discusses brief etiopathogenetic aspects of the new coronavirus infection. The role of some of the factors contributing to the development of nephro- and cerebrovascular disorders in COVID-19 is discussed. Results of work on coronavirus infection summarized foreign researchers

The coronavirus disease is already at an alarming level because it spreads to 34 provinces in Indonesia, and the mortality rate has reached 7-8%, which is far above the global average. Nevertheless, the government has worked hard to reduce the spread through various policies, including the closure of schools and offices, encouraging people to stay at home, and implementing the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). The policy has an impact on people's behavior. Therefore, an online survey was conducted to describe it. This survey was carried out from 5-10 May 2020, with 556 respondents of at least 17 years old, and it extended to various regions in almost all the provinces. Because it was online, the survey had limitations that could not represent the entire population. During the pandemic, various behaviors emerged in the community. Some people behaved as usual, while others acted like experts. Fifteen behaviors were studied, including COVID-19 knowledge, activities during the pandemic, anxiety levels, people's perception, and habit changes during the pandemic.

This article provides suggestions and comments on the development of new legislation based on new definitions, improvement of normative legal acts and their analysis related to the use of biological resources for scientific purposes and ensuring biological safety. It also analyzes the most important issues that contribute to the further development of the theory of environmental law in the field of protection and use of biological resources. On issues related to the use and protection of biological resources, analytical information on the establishment and effective functioning of scientific institutions, their legal status, biological threats and biological safety will be provided. It is argued that biological security is an important branch of national security. Natural ecosystems and their use, ie livestock, irrigated agriculture, forestry, fisheries, recreation, tourism and other sectors of the economy is directly related to biodiversity. Given the role of the environment, international regulation of the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their by-products is important. Biosafety alone is a pressing issue in the world. Documentation in this regard allows minimizing potential risks to the environment and human health. Finally, the legal use of biological resources for scientific purposes and the legal provision of biological safety provide a number of environmental legal recommendations related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: E-learning has jumped from an adjuvant tool to a crucial educational protocol
during COVID-19 pandemic. This has a particular value for Pharmacy Students as the
Pharmacy Education necessitates unique requirements. Consequently, this mixture of
requirements needs to be fully understood by educators to offer a better education for their
students. Accordingly, the authors conducted this study herein in, to facilitate the
understanding of E-learning correlated with Pharmacy Education in Iraqi Pharmacy Students'
perspective.
Methods: The study design was designated to questionnaire of 540 pharmacy students in
three different Iraqi Universities. This involved two types of questions. The first with
multiple choice questions and the second with agreement question. The statistics utilized
were performed with GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3 (686).
Results: The results were observed with the employment of D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus
(K2) and the P value was recorded as 0.0106.
Conclusion: The authors find that the opinion of the pharmacy students could highly affect
the education outcome in according to their perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vocational education plays a strategic role in the creation of a skilled workforce who is ready to enter the world of work. In order to achieve the standard competency level, the proportion of practice is required to be 60% and large financing is required. During the Covid-19 pandemic there were many changes in the world of education, PBM had to be done online or online, children's education costs were not fulfilled due to layoffs, the economy slumped and had an impact on entrepreneurship and the influence of student personal costs. The cost of education has changed a lot. A study of changes in financing is needed for planning learning in covid conditions and demands for changes in learning patterns in the 4.0 era. The design used in this research is an explanatory mixed method research, quantitative data is taken together with qualitative data collection. The independent variable is the influence of the pandemic, the dependent variable is the cost of education (education budget and student personal costs). Online survey using googleform. The sample of level II and III students who have been exposed to face-to-face and online learning is 143 students. The education budget & costs are presented with the percentage of reduction and increase. Individual operational costs before and during the pandemic were used the Mann Whitney test at 95% confidence level. The recurrent cost budget that is used to finance the operational activities of PBM for D3 Nutrition Study Program for one budget year, with the predicate BLU should have financial management flexibility, so that student advice to provide tuition fee relief, complete facilities (campus wifi, practical equipment, air conditioning class), providing adequate quotas and spending for practical purposes as well as sufficient costs for student activities can be facilitated. All budget items decreased during the epidemic, except for the cost of providing goods and services for competency and IT compliance. The results of the survey on individual personal costs showed that the significance of all items in question, parents' income, living costs and transport costs decreased before and during the pandemic, while Quota and refreshing costs / personal needs increased on average. A deeper study is needed on the education budget and changes in individual operational costs during the Covid-19 pandemic and facing the challenges ahead in the 4.0 era.