European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Autism is one of the heterogenous neurodevelopment disorder classified under Pervasive spectrum Disorder is characterized by three core deficits i.e. impaired communication skills, impaired social interaction (reciprocal) and repetitive, restricted, stereotyped behavioral patterns. Early identification of toddlers at risk for developing autism and timely referral and appropriate intervention strategies is crucial to achieve better outcomes for these children. Thus, the present study was conducted at tertiary care centre to assess the percentage of toddlers (16months – 30months age group) attending well baby clinic in Pediatric OPD who screens positive for risk of having Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using M-CHAT R/F.
Materials and Method: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among toddlers belonging to age range of 16-30 months visiting well baby clinic during the study period. All the parents were enquired regarding the condition of child and activity using M-CHAT R/F questionnaire. Association of Autism spectrum disorder with various factors was assessed using Chi square test. Multivariate analysis was done to determine the independent factors associated with ASD. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A significant association of moderate risk of autism spectrum disorder with younger age (16 to 24 months) and male gender (83.3%) (p<0.05). However, no association of Autism spectrum disorder with socioeconomic status of the family (p>0.05) was found. The risk of ASD was significantly higher in children belonging to less than 24 months of age (OR-1.28; 95% CI-1.013-1.55, p<0.05) as compared to children above 24 months of age.
Conclusion:  The present study concludes that a significant association of moderate risk of Autism spectrum disorder with younger age (16 to 24 months) and male gender and the risk of ASD was significantly higher in children belonging to less than 24 months of age as compared to children above 24monthsofage. Early identification and introduction of appropriate intervention strategies might help in preventing the long term complications in the form of neuro cognitive dysfunction and intellectual ability of the child

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by two key features: a combination of impairments in social interaction and social communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Primary healthcare (PHC) are frequently a first point of contact for patients with ASD symptoms and play a crucial role in early diagnosis. Mention that early intervention is required to ensure that patients with ASD receive the proper education. ASD is a lifelong condition that affects patients. There are gaps in our understanding of how people with autism interact with healthcare professionals. Relevant studies have identified issues such as complexity that goes beyond the scope of the typical role, a lack of knowledge and resources, a lack of training or prior experience, communication and collaboration, the need for information and training, the need for care coordination and systemic changes, but no studies have looked at the knowledge levels of PHC patients in Saudi Arabia. Aim of the study: To Assessment of the Knowledge regarding autism in the patient attending in the primary healthcare in Makkah City at Saudi Arabia 2022. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in October -November 2022, among 200 patients attending in the primary healthcare in Makkah City, a written questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. The questionnaire tool consists of questions that test respondents' understanding of the causes of autism spectrum disease, the characteristics of autistic patients, the needs and abilities of autistic people, and the needs and abilities of autistic people themselves. Result: In terms of marital status, the majority of participants were married (59.0%), in terms of education, the majority of participants had a secondary education (31.0%), in terms of occupation, the majority of participants worked for the government (35.0%), and in terms of primary health care, the majority of participants went to private practices (48.0%). The majority of the participants were in the age group of 25-35 years old, and the majority of the participants were females (51% versus 49%).

The key purpose of this research was to review and analyze the psychological health of women whose children had either Autism or Down syndrome. Observed in the present research, the mental state of the moms, who are primary care providers to their 'special' infants, is of considerable concern when evaluating the literature gathered. The data was obtained using Jagadish & Srivastava's constructed and structured Mental Health Inventory (MHI) with the aid of a purposeful sampling method. The tool's credibility has been already defined by the creator. The pilot study was carried out on 30 participants (l5 moms of autistic children & l5 moms of children with Down syndrome).The hypothesis are formulated for collecting and analyzing the data. The data collection was done in ‘special’ schools. They were located in Alwarpet, Raja anamalaipuram, Basentnagar and Neelangarai. The test was administered to the mothers of children with either autism or down syndrome. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. The formulated hypothesis was tested and conclusions were drawn from the findings. The results of the study found that the mum's total mental health of 'special' kids is low. There is about the same level of psychological health for the children and families with either autism condition or down syndrome.

Background: Autism is a complex neurobiological development disorder that includes disorders of aspects of social interaction, communication, language, behavior, emotions and sensory perceptions. Children with autism who experience developmental delay will feel difficulty in the ability to socialize with the environment. Some therapies that can be done are behavioral, speech, occupational, physical and play therapy. Role play therapy in early childhood can improve social ability. Role play can cultivate empathy, sympathy and enhance cooperation with others.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence of role play on the development of autistic children in SLB Negeri Semarang.
Methods: The research design was pre experiment with pre-post test design approach. Sample study was 34 children with autism. Pretest was done by assessing child development. Intervention was done on the second, fourth and sixth days after the pretest. Post test was done on the eighth day. Developments were observed based on Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. Role play was done by asking the child to play a role with the theme of health in pairs. Intervention was done 3 times in 1 week for 5-10 minutes. Wilcoxon test was used for Data analysis.
Finding: The results showed that there was an influence of role play on the development, before the role play 11.8% of good development and after the role play showed 20.6% good development. When children perform role plays, interaction occurs with others, practice improving speech and listening skills and the ability to express feelings.
Conclusion and Recommendation: An Influence of role play on the development. Role play can be used as a therapy for children with autism.

Autism is a neurological developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, speech, and limited, repetitive behaviour . The cause of autism is not known . Autism risk factors include gender, males are three to four times more likely than females to get autism, family history, age of parents, and other disorders such as fragile, tuberous syndrome. Most of the autism work is conducted in high income countries. Therefore this study was conducted to check the knowledge of dental students regarding autism. This is a cross sectional survey was conducted among dental students through a self administrated questionnaire through an online survey link (I.e.) google forms . The responses were collected and statistically analysed. Chi square test was used to analyze and compare the education level of students and their knowledge on toothbrushes and it‟s replacement .The data was represented as pie Charts and bar graphs . The survey was conducted among dental students within the age group of 17 to 23 years. This survey was responded by 56.4 percent of females and 42.9 percent of males among them 91.7 percent of the people were aware of autism and only a few people were not aware of it. In this study we conclude that most of the dental students are aware of autism and they have sufficient knowledge about it.