European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Geriatric populations are vulnerable population for adverse drug reactions due to their pharmacokinetic limitations. ADR in older people are common cause of admission to hospital [1, 2] and important causes of morbidity and mortality. In more recent studies, the ADR rate in geriatric setting for the USA and Europe was greater (20%) than in studies carried out in general medicine settings [3]. In tribal distict, the availability of qualified doctors is an important issue, which may predispose to self- medication of modern medicines. There may also be use of various traditional medicines by quacks without prescription of authorized BAMS doctors). There is common concept that Traditional medicines are safer but reliable information (systematic toxicological evaluation) is not available [4]. Use of traditional medicine may associated with various adverse reaction that can affect oral health.

Ayurveda is one of the traditional medicinal systems of Indian culture. The philosophy
behind Ayurveda is to prevent unnecessary sufferings and allow us to live a long
healthy life. It involves the use of natural elements to eliminate the root cause of a
disease by restoring balance between the three doshas (vata, pitta and kapha) within the
body. Herbal medicines have existed world-wide since ancient period. World Health
Organization (WHO) has estimated that 80% of the world’s inhabitants still rely on
traditional medicines for their health care. India is known to be one of the major
biodiversity centers with about 45,000 plant species, including 15,000 medicinal plants.
The concept of polyherbalism is to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy. The active
phytochemical constituents of individual plant are insufficient to achieve the desirable
therapeutic effects. This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents
and to determine the levels of the major and trace elements of five medicinal plants used
for the treatment of diabetes mellitus namely; Aegele marmelos, Catharanthus roseus,
Garcinia pedunculata, Musa paradisiaca and Ocimum sanctum. The air dried leaves of
the plants were subjected to soxhlet extraction using ethanol, petroleum ether,
chloroform and aqueous. The crude extracts were obtained and subjected to screening
for their phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, reducing
sugars, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds and steroids using various standard
methods and reagents. Trace metals in the five medicinal plants were analyzed
quantitatively using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.

Ayurveda is one of the traditional medicinal systems of Indian culture. The philosophy behind Ayurveda is preventing unnecessary suffering and living a long healthy life. Ayurveda involves the use of natural elements to eliminate the root cause of a disease by restoring balance and at the same time creating a healthy life-style to prevent the recurrence of imbalance. Herbal medicines have existed world-wide with long recorded history. World Health Organization (WHO) have estimated that 80% of the world’s inhabitants still rely on traditional medicines for their health care. India is well -known to be one of the major biodiversity centre with about 45,000 plant species, including 15,000 medicinal plants. The concept of polyherbalism is to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy. The active phytochemical constituents of individual plants are insufficient to achieve the desirable therapeutic effects. When combining this research mainly focuses on the importance of polyherbalism and its clinical significance. For this study medicinal plant Withaniasomniferahave been taken and extracted for their study of anti -bacterial and antioxidant activity. The phytochemical compounds were screened by qualitative analysis
method and the detected phytochemicals are tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids. Thedifferentsolventssuchasmethanol,petroleumether,chloroformandaqueouswereusedto extract the bioactive compounds from various parts of the selected medicinal plants. The anti-bacterial activity were demonstrated against the bacterial strains like Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosaby disc-diffusion method. The anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical
scavenging method. The multiple herbs in a particular ratio, it will result a better therapeutic effect and reduced the toxicity.