European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction :
Tooth failure generally results in a lack of bone volume in the vertical and horizontal direction. In attempts to reduce this alveolar bone resorption in order to preserve periodontal construction, implant placement is advised immediately after tooth extraction.
 
 
Materials and method :
A retrospective analysis was performed for patients attending a private hospital in Chennai, India. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of immediate implant placement in private dental institutions. Patients who have undergone immediate implant placement from June 2019 to March 2021 were included in the study. Total sample size was 25 patients. The data was then entered into Microsoft Excel and tabulated. Following which data was imported into the SPSS software by IBM. Data analysis was performed in the statistical software SPSS and data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and chi-square correlation.
 
Results :
After statistical analysis, it is found that 13% were males and 12% were females, 9% of the immediate implant placement was in first quadrant, 15% in second quadrant and 1% in fourth quadrant. There was no incidence of immediate implant placement in the third quadrant.
 
Conclusion :
It is observed that the prevalence of immediate implant was more in males and was most common in the second quadrant.

Background:Dry socket (DS), also referred to as alveolar or fibrinolytic osteitis, is a major
complication that follows extraction of tooth/teeth in oral surgery. The present study was
conducted to assess the risk factors for Dry socket.
Materials & Methods: 340 patients requiring extraction of mandibular third molars of both
genders were included. Risk factors such as smoking status, indication of exodontia and
systemic diseases etc. were recorded.
Results: Out of 340 patients, males were 210 and females were 130. Out of 210 males, 20
developed DS and out of 130 females, 24 had DS. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Diabetes was seen in 32, smoking in 14, pericoronitis in 22 and systemic disease in 35. The
difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Risk factors for dry socket were systemic disease, diabetes and smoking.

Dry socket is an unavoidable complication of dental extraction facing the dental practitioners on a regular basis. We performed a brief systemic review of the etiopathogenesis, prevention and management of dry socket. The inclusion criteria for including articles were that all the studies discussed the dry socket etiopathogenesis, prevention and management and the exclusion criteria were all the studies that included other complications of tooth extraction. The method used for this systemic review was to search in the PubMed database using MeSH terms “dry socket”, “alveolar ostitis” for etiopathogenesis, prevention and management and published in the English language, 86 articles were identified by abstract for relevance to etiopathogenesis, prevention and management of dry socket and a total of 24 publications were included in the final systematic review according to the specific keywords and materials mentioned above. The audit of the literature showed that the prevention methods include avoiding smoking after surgery, atraumatic extraction, the use of antibiotics and other preventive measures such as use of chlorhexidine rinse or gel to reduce the incidence of dry socket. For management of dry socket, wide range of treatment options are being suggested including using chlorhexidine or saline solution irrigation, placement of non- absorbable obtundent dressing(zinc oxide eugenol dressing) or absorbable dressing(alveogyl dressing) and instruction of home rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash. There are also new agents in the field being tried that accelerates the healing of the socket such as PRF and GECB as well as combination of PRF with chlorhexidine gel. This paper is a brief review of the literature on etiopathogenesis, prevention and management of dry socket, in order to best guide clinical practice based on current available evidence

Alveolar osteitis which is also known as dry socket, is an inflammation of the alveolar bone. Usually, this occurs after a postoperative complication of tooth extraction.Alveolar osteitis can occur where the blood clot fails to form or is lost from the socket and this leaves the empty socket where bone is exposed to the oral cavity, causing a localized alveolar osteitis limited to the lamina dura . This most specific type is known as dry socket and is associated with increased pain and delayed healing time.The aim of the study is to compare the prevalence of dry socket and age as a risk factor in patients who visited Saveetha Dental College.The objective was to find the base in Saveetha Dental college by the data collected for the theoretical framework for research proposal.In materials and methods , there are certain requirements that were necessary such as case control study for a better understanding , patients details who visited saveetha dental college for a background check , data obtained from the outpatient record was to ensure that the data can be supported , followed by analytics of dry socket patients to know the total number of patients involved ,the sample size obtained and the tabulation of data was done in excel sheet and finally a satisfied analysis is done with the proper data.The majority of patients that are with dry socket were around the age range from 28 years to 47 years and is more common in females than in males and majority of them are non-smokers.Even in the gender prevalence , the total number of females are more than males by numbers and it is obtained with the confirmed data.The mean age group from the age range of 28 years to 47 years is the age group 50 years and the positive statistically significant correlation between the age and dry sockets.The type of test used in this study is this chi square test and the P value of the test is <0.05 which is significant.We can observe the graph showing distributions such as age where the age group from 28 years to 47 years has a total value of (9 with 53.1%) and we also can conclude that the age group from 55 years to 74 years have a total value of 46.9%.In gender we can tell from the graph that the male group has a total value of (8 with 47.1%) and that the female group has a total value of (52.9%).From smoking we can conclude that a total of (76.5%) of the obtained patients are non-smokers and a total of (23.5%) of the obtained patients are smokers