European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Objectives The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Solanum violaceum was evaluated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated animal models followed by phytochemical screening of bioactive extracts by GC-MS. Methods The total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated from the solvent extracted samples. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective studies were carried out with the ethyl acetate extract of Solanum violaceum (SVEE). The hepatoprotective evaluations were carried out with CCl4 intoxicated rats. The levels of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and proteins were measured in the serum and histopathological studies were carried out with the liver sections. The phytochemical profile of the bioactive extract was revealed from GC-MS analysis. Results The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of Solanum violaceum were rich in phenolic and flavonoid contents respectively. The DPPH and NO scavenging assays revealed better activity for ethyl acetate extract while ABTS assay was better for the alcoholic extract. Therefore further investigations on the hepatoprotective activity were carried out with ethyl acetate extract. The hepatoprotective screening revealed the restoration of enzymes as well as protein to normal levels upon treating intoxicated rats with the bioactive extracts in a dose dependant manner. Further histopathological studies also revealed that the ethyl acetate extract was effective towards restoration of liver cells to normal levels. The phytochemical profile as evaluated from the GC-MS analysis of the extract narrowed down the observed response to four major compounds. Conclusions Solanum violaceum possesses significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The bioactive constituents attributing to the observed activity were revealed by GC-MS analysis. Viridiflorol, palmitic acid, n-pentacosanal and citroflex A were found to be the major ones

Medicinal plants and plant derived products have been part of the health care system since ancient human civilization. Traditional medicine uses plant extracts because of it’s antioxidant activity. In contrast usage of synthetic antioxidants are being restricted due to several limitations. Thus, there is always demand for newer and alternative phytomedicines. The aim of the present study is to analyse phytochemical components and to explore the In vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (MEEh). The plant extract was prepared by organic solvents. The MEEh was used for GC/MS analysis and for exploring the prospects of Enicostemma hyssopifolium. The radical scavenging bioassays such as DPPH and ABTS were carried out to study in vitro antioxidant potency. The lipid peroxidation assay was performed to analyse their inhibitory effects and ferric reducing power of the extract was also evaluated. GC/MS analysis revealed that the plant is a rich source of phytochemicals such as 3,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone, Ergost-5-en-3-ol which are known to have antioxidant potency. In the antioxidant assay of MEEh the IC 50 was found to be 655.3>306.6 μg/ml. In lipid peroxidation assay, 33.45% of inhibition was found at 1000 μg/ml. The findings of the study revealed the potential of Enicostemma hyssopifolium as a source for natural antioxidants. It revealed that the plant could be a promising alternative agent in scavenging free radicals and may have ameliorative effect in complications associated with free radical damage.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical components of different extracts of Cinnamomum burmanii B. from different regions in Indonesia by GC-MS using ethanol, distilled water and isopropyl alcohol as solvents. The analysis showed that the ethanol extract of cinnamon from the Aceh region, which contains five compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 59.77% coumarone. Meanwhile, the distilled water extract contains four compounds with biological activity, and the main chemical compound was 37.01% coumarin. For the extract of isopropyl alcohol, contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was coumarin at 41.55%. The ethanol extract of cinnamon from Jambi region contains three compounds with its biological activity and the main compound was coumarin at 28.31%, while the extract using distilled water contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 1-phenyl-4- carboxy-4,5 at 33.50%. Furthermore, for the isopropyl alcohol extract, there are five compounds with biological activity, and the most important chemical compound was 2-propanol at 45.89%. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract of cinnamon from West Sumatra contains six compounds that were identified as biological activity and the main compound was 2-propanol at 14.97%, while the distilled water extract contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 17.49% for 1-phenyl -4-carboxy-4,5. For the extract of isopropyl alcohol, four compounds with biological activity were obtained, and the main compound was 9.96% coumarin. This study confirms the existence of different bioactive compounds and biological activities in each original region of cinnamon in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical components of different extracts of Cinnamomum burmanii B. from different regions in Indonesia by GC-MS using ethanol, distilled water and isopropyl alcohol as solvents. The analysis showed that the ethanol extract of cinnamon from the Aceh region, which contains five compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 59.77% coumarone. Meanwhile, the distilled water extract contains four compounds with biological activity, and the main chemical compound was 37.01% coumarin. For the extract of isopropyl alcohol, contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was coumarin at 41.55%. The ethanol extract of cinnamon from Jambi region contains three compounds with its biological activity and the main compound was coumarin at 28.31%, while the extract using distilled water contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 1-phenyl-4- carboxy-4,5 at 33.50%. Furthermore, for the isopropyl alcohol extract, there are five compounds with biological activity, and the most important chemical compound was 2-propanol at 45.89%. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract of cinnamon from West Sumatra contains six compounds that were identified as biological activity and the main compound was 2-propanol at 14.97%, while the distilled water extract contains four compounds with biological activity and the main compound was 17.49% for 1-phenyl -4-carboxy-4,5. For the extract of isopropyl alcohol, four compounds with biological activity were obtained, and the main compound was 9.96% coumarin. This study confirms the existence of different bioactive compounds and biological activities in each original region of cinnamon in Indonesia.

Worldwide, several thousand tons of synthetic dyes are produced annually. The chemical or physico-chemical treatment methods are inefficient, expensive, have limited applicability, and cannot be applied to a large-scale effluent treatment process. The alternative approach is bioremediation, which is cheaper, sustainable, and eco-friendly technique. In present research two plausible bacterial isolates were selected to decolorize Scarlet RR dye. At static conditions, successful decolorization was achieved and decolorization percentage varied from 81% to 97, while at pH 7 and temperature 37 °C maximum decolorization is observed. Biodegradation of dye was confirmed by FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The present work can resolve leading problems touching contamination of the water bodies because of textile effluent discharge.