European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: To annalyseseroprevalence of HIV, HbsAg, HCV, syphilis and malaria in
pretransfusion blood and comparison with general population.
Methodology:It was retrospective study, conducted at Osmania General Hospital,
Telangana during the year from July 2016-June 2018. HIV, HBsAg, HCV tests were
done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using the third
generation kits.The donor questionnaire form with details of donor and results of
serological tests are maintained in the blood bank.Venous blood so collected is screened
for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV, syphilis and malaria.HIV, HBsAg,
HCV tests were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using
the third generation kits.

Context: Beta Thalassemia major is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive pattern of
inheritance that occurs as a result of disorder in haemoglobin synthesis. In Beta Thalassaemia
major patients multiple blood transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis and increased
gastrointestinal iron absorption lead to iron overload in the body. Iron overload can be
determined by Serum Ferritin measurement.
Aim and Objectives
1. To Assess the average frequency of blood transfusion in Beta Thalassemia Major patients
2. To measure Serum Ferritin level in Beta thalassemia Major patients
3. To determine the association between Serum ferritin level and age, average frequency of
blood transfusion in Beta Thalassemia Major Patients.
Methods and Material: Fifty blood samples of clinically diagnosed Beta Thalassemia major
patients were collected for estimation of Serum Ferritin levels. Serum Ferritin measurement
was performed using indirect enzyme linked immune sorbent based assay kit. Data were
analysed to determine association between Serum Ferritin and age, gender and frequency of
blood transfusion.
Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Regression, Correlation
Results: The mean Serum Ferritin level was found to be 3639.75 mg/ml. Five patients had
Serum Ferritin <1000 mg/ml, Twenty three patients had Serum Ferritin between 1000-3500
mg/ml and twenty two patients had Serum Ferritin >3500 mg/ml.
Conclusion: The study showed high levels of Serum Ferritin in Beta Thalassemia major
patients. Serum Ferritin levels should be monitored regularly to assess the status of iron
overload and to rationalize the use of chelation therapy and avoid complications related to
iron overload.

Background: Blood transfusion plays important role in medical and surgical practice. The
present study assessed clinical and demographic profile of blood transfusion recipients.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Forensic
Medicine. It comprised of 128 blood transfusion recipients of both genders. Ethical
clearance was taken prior to the study. All patients were informed regarding the study and
written consent was obtained. General information such as name, age, gender etc. was
recorded. Data such as blood group, product requested, ward and clinical diagnosis was
obtained.
Results: Out of 128 recipients, males were 61 and females were 67. Maximum recipients
were of A+ (67) followed by O+ (50), B+ (3) respectively. The difference was significant (P<
0.05). Clinical wards of recipients was medical in 3, orthopedics in 31, surgical in 42,
gynae in 20, casualty in 15, ENT in 10 and pediatrics in 7 cases. The difference was
significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: From the results of the present study, this can be concluded that female
recipients of blood transfusions were higher than males. Most of the patients were A+
recipients. Maximum cases of blood transfusion were seen in surgical ward followed by
orthopedics and gynae.The least number of blood transfusion recipients were in medicine
department.

Volunteers of Blood or who called donors are screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by ELISA in the National center of blood bank in Baghdad. The risk of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) negative samples is not estimated till now in Iraq. The aim of this study is to screen the seronegative plasma of blood donors by a commercially available multiplex NAT test with mini-pooling. One thousands (1000) blood donors plasmas were screened by EIA and then NAT was performed on pools of ten blood plasma. A total of 100 minipools donors plasmas were screened by NAT. Positive HBV NAT minipools of plasma were (3%), 3 HCV (3%), and 3 (3%) HIV minipools by NAT. Accordingly, the use of NAT was shown to detect occult HBV and reduce window period in HCV and HIV in sero-negative plasma from blood donors. Therefore, the implementation of NAT with mini-poling for routine blood donor screening will provide a safe and cost-effective mean of screening for blood transfusion in Iraq

Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) or known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
(KSHV) is the etiologic agent for all clinic-epidemiological forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS).
Many studies have been documented that blood transfusion plays an important role in
HHV-8 transmission. This study was prepared to determine the frequency of HHV-8
antibodies among blood donors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on ninety blood
donors who attended the Iraqi National Centre for Blood Transfusion in February 2019 to
detect HHV-8 IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunoassay method. Anti-HHV8-
IgG were detected in 78 out of 90 (86.6%) serum samples. A significant association has
been found between anti-HHV-8 detection and associated risk factors in blood donors such
as sexual relationships (legal and illegal), occupation, surgical and dental operations, blood
transfusion, cupping, tattooing, smoking and numbers of blood donation. Our results
confirmed that a high percentage of HHV8-IgG among blood donors may indicate an
increased threat to HHV-8 infection via blood transfusion.