European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: A Review of literature on Ischemic Heart Disease and Risk of Development of
Cognitive Disorders
Methods: The literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and
CINAHL. The search string consisted of predictor-related terms (i.e. myocardial
infarction, angina pectoris), outcome-related terms (i.e. dementia, Alzheimer,
cognition), as well as some specific limitations. All publications until 2021 were included
if they fulfilled the following eligibility criteria:
1) MI, AP, or a CHD variable that is a combination of MI and AP (e.g. ischemic heart
disease (IHD) as predictor variable; 2) Cognition, cognitive impairment or dementia as
outcome; 3) Population-based study; 4) Prospective (≥1 year follow-up), cross-sectional
or case-control study design; 5) ≥100 participants; and 6) Aged ≥45 years. Reference
lists of publications and secondary literature were hand-searched for possible missing
articles.
Results: The search yielded 3500 abstracts, of which 15 were included in this study. This
resulted in 5 cross-sectional studies, 3 case-control studies, 6 prospective cohort studies
and 1 study with both cross-sectional and prospective analyses (designated as crosssectional
regarding study quality). Quality assessment of all 15 included studies was
sufficient (overall mean NOS score = 6.7, SD = 1.30, range = 3–10). Separate analyses
for each study design showed similar results for prospective (mean NOS score = 6.92,
SD = 1.14, range = 5–9) and cross-sectional studies (mean NOS score = 7.23, SD = 0.98,
range = 6–8), but the quality of case-control studies was somewhat lower (mean NOS
score = 5.9, SD = 1.93, range = 3–7), mainly due to the effects of one particular study
with a score of 3.
Conclusion: We concluded that the CHD was associated with an increased risk of
cognitive impairment or dementia in prospective cohort studies. More mechanistic
studies are needed that focus on the underlying biological pathways (e.g. left ventricular
dysfunction, cerebral small vessel disease, hypoperfusion) and shared risks that link
CHD with the occurrence of cognitive impairment or dementia.

Aim: A Review of literature on Ischemic Heart Disease and Risk of Development of
Cognitive Disorders
Methods: The literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and
CINAHL. The search string consisted of predictor-related terms (e.g. myocardial
infarction, angina pectoris), outcome-related terms (e.g. dementia, Alzheimer, cognition),
as well as some specific limitations. All publications until 2021 were included if they
fulfilled the following eligibility criteria: 1) MI, AP, or a CHD variable that is a
combination of MI and AP (e.g. ischemic heart disease (IHD)) as predictor variable; 2)
cognition, cognitive impairment or dementia as outcome; 3) population-based study; 4)
prospective (≥1 year follow-up), cross-sectional or case-control study design; 5) ≥100
participants; and 6) aged ≥45 years. Reference lists of publications and secondary
literature were hand-searched for possible missing articles.
Results: The search yielded 3500 abstracts, of which (number***) were included in this
study. This resulted in 5 cross-sectional studies, 3 case-control studies, 6 prospective cohort
studies and 1 study with both cross-sectional and prospective analyses (designated as crosssectional
regarding study quality). Quality assessment of all 15 included studies was
sufficient (overall mean NOS score = 6.7, SD = 1.30, range = 3–10). Separate analyses for
each study design showed similar results for prospective (mean NOS score = 6.92, SD =
1.14, range = 5–9) and cross-sectional studies (mean NOS score = 7.23, SD = 0.98, range =
6–8), but the quality of case-control studies was somewhat lower (mean NOS score = 5.9,
SD = 1.93, range = 3–7), mainly due to the effects of one particular study with a score of 3.
Conclusion: We concluded that the CHD was associated with an increased risk of
cognitive impairment or dementia in prospective cohort studies. More mechanistic studies
are needed that focus on the underlying biological pathways (e.g. left ventricular
dysfunction, cerebral small vessel disease, hypoperfusio

Background:Despite recent advances in interventional equipment and techniques, the angiographic no-reflow and slow flow phenomenons occurs in a considerable number of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the clinical, electrocardiographic, pre procedural finding that could predict slow flow/ no reflow in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients treated with PCI, also to detect predictors and impact of slow flow/ no reflow during hospital stay and short term outcome of such patients Aim: To identify the clinical, electrocardiographic, pre procedural finding that could predict slow flow/ no reflow in STEMI patients treated with PCI and to determine predictors of adverse clinical events during hospital stay and short term in slow flow /no reflow group. Patients and Methods: Thestudy included 72 patients who were divided into 2 groups, group I with slow flow/no reflow and group II with normal flow. All of them were subjected to follow up for 3months after PCI.

Prediction of fatal arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is extremely
important. Objective: Create a differential diagnostic model for predicting sudden
cardiac death in elderly patients with STEMI with the history of PCI. Methods: We
studied 152 patients (143 men and 9 women), mean age 70.3±3.4 years, with STEMI
after PCI; EF LV less than 50%. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who
died on the first day from SCD and those who survived. The QT interval and its parts
were measured upon admission and after PCI. The control group consisted of 30
healthy individuals. Results: A model was developed for determining the level of risk
of arrhythmic death on the first day from SCD after successful PCI based on ECG
criteria using DA. The most informative for the differential diagnosis was a set of the
following indicators: QTd, QTapcd, and SubTd. The most significant indicator is Sub
Td. The following algorithms were developed: ROAD = Qtd x 0.3438 + QTapcd x
0.0842 - SubTd x 0.0864 - 19.5068, NROAD = Qtd x 0.1997 - QTapcd x 0.0148 +
SubTd x 0.3261 - 20.893. Their practical implementation on models is proved.
Conclusion: The creation of a “ROAD/NROAD” differential diagnosis model for
predicting SCD in patients with STEMI after PCI suggests practical application at the
prehospital stage in this category of patients for prophylactically fatal VA and SCD.
Assessment of the possible development of adverse events in patients with STEMI
after PCI is possible using the ECG method based on the use of indicators such as
QTd, QTapcd, and SubTd at the prehospital stage.

Prediction of fatal arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is extremely
important. Objective: Create a differential diagnostic model for predicting sudden
cardiac death in elderly patients with STEMI with the history of PCI. Methods: We
studied 152 patients (143 men and 9 women), mean age 70.3±3.4 years, with STEMI
after PCI; EF LV less than 50%. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who
died on the first day from SCD and those who survived. The QT interval and its parts
were measured upon admission and after PCI. The control group consisted of 30
healthy individuals. Results: A model was developed for determining the level of risk of
arrhythmic death on the first day from SCD after successful PCI based on ECG criteria
using DA. The most informative for the differential diagnosis was a set of the following
indicators: QTd, QTapcd, and SubTd. The most significant indicator is Sub Td. The
following algorithms were developed: ROAD = Qtd x 0.3438 + QTapcd x 0.0842 -
SubTd x 0.0864 - 19.5068, NROAD = Qtd x 0.1997 - QTapcd x 0.0148 + SubTd x
0.3261 - 20.893. Their practical implementation on models is proved. Conclusion: The
creation of a “ROAD/NROAD” differential diagnosis model for predicting SCD in
patients with STEMI after PCI suggests practical application at the prehospital stage in
this category of patients for prophylactically fatal VA and SCD. Assessment of the
possible development of adverse events in patients with STEMI after PCI is possible
using the ECG method based on the use of indicators such as QTd, QTapcd, and
SubTd at the prehospital stage.