European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

In this study, about 312 clinical samples were collected from different health institutions in Babylon governorate-Iraq, during the period from 1/10/2021 to 12/1/2022, by taking swabs from Burns (50 samples), wounds (55 samples), nose swabs (50 samples), abscesses (50 samples), diabetic foot (52 samples), and samples from the various inflammatory site such as urine (55 samples),various phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical tests were conducted on it to detect about the presence of S. aureus among the isolates, these tests proved the return of (105 isolates out of 312 samples) isolated from different sites at clinical samples (Percentage of 33.65%) to the genus S. aureus,  Zinc oxide nanoparticles were also chemically synthesized by the sol-gel method. The diagnosis of the nano-material was confirmed by conducting four specialized analyzes to reveal the properties of the synthesized material, by (XRD, AFM, FTIR, FESEM), the synthesized nanomaterial was also tested on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to know its antibacterial activity and its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, used statistical program SPSS version 26 with biological part by calculating least significant differences with one way ANOVA

Aim: Purpose of our research was to assess the efficacy of cannabinoids in oral care products in reducing bacterial content inside the mouth.
Methodology: Dental plaques of 30 healthy adults were collected using paro-toothpick sticks and spread on three Petri dishes (A, B and C) containing cannabinoids containing toothpaste, oral B and Colgate respectively. The Petri dishes were sealed and incubated at 37°C for twenty-four hours, followed by counting the amount of colonies using colony counter.
Results: By evaluating the colony count of the dental bacteria isolated from six groups, it absolutely was found that cannabinoids were simpler in reducing the bacterial colony count in dental plaques as compared to the well-established synthetic oral care products like Oral B and Colgate.

In this work, a novel heterocyclic compounds such as 1H-pyrazole-1-
carbothioamide were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction of chalcone and
thiosemicarbazide as nucleophilic substrate in ethanolic NaOH solution. The structures
were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C -NMR. The molecular geometry of the targeted
compounds was optimized using DFT studies. The energy of the HOMO & LUMO and
Mulliken atomic charges were also calculated. Besides, electrochemical quantities such as
chemical hardness and electronegativity were measured and analyzed by the use of
HOMO-LUMO. They also exhibited high antibacterial activities

Introduction: Moringa plant is a plant that is spread throughout the region in Indonesia and has many benefits. Moringa oleifera L. plant is also known as the “miracle of tree” because almost all parts of the plant, from the leaves, bark, seeds, fruit of moringa to the roots are used by humans, especially as traditional medicine. Moringa has been proven effective as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, for example in toothpaste, mouthwash, and root canal irrigation from chitosan. So this systematic review reviews some of the literature on the potential of moringa plants as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. Methods: In this systematic review, article searches were conducted on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published from 2011 to 2020. 104 articles were rated, including 104 articles from electronic databases, 0 from manual search. 96 records were screened, 63 records were excluded, 33 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 17 full-text articles were included. Result: There are 8 articles about antibacterial of Moringa oleifera and 10 articles about anti-inflammatory of Moringa oleifera. Conclusion: Based on 18 articles show that chitosan is very potential as a herbal plant that can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity.

Primum non nocere is a principle proclaimed by Hippocrates and remains relevant throughout the history of medicine. Unfortunately, pharmacotherapy does not always correspond to it. Although modern oral antibacterial drugs generally have a favorable safety profile, there are still many side effects. Antibacterial, like all medicines, have side effects, some of the side effects can be serious and some are dire. The use of antibacterial drugs in all areas of medicine, often unreasonable indications for their use, free access for the potential consumer - all this leads to irrational use of drugs, starting from an early age. More than 50% of diseases are infectious in nature. Infectious drugs account for 20% of all drugs currently used in medicine. The misuse of antibiotics is fraught with the development of antimicrobial resistance in the pathogen.

To facing the growing need for new drugs, the investigation of medicinal plant continuing. So that in the current study, the antibacterial and antifungal and anticancer effect of H. sabdariffa water extract were  studied. The antibacterial test done against Escherichia coli, streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wereit gave  the best inhibition zone 35 mm against E. coli. Furthermore the antifungal activity tested against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum and the best inhibition growth activity found against R. solani by 69%. The anticancer activity tested by MTT test against SR (lymphoma) and MCF7 (breast cancer) cell lines, the best cytotoxicity found against MCF7 where it reach 64%. In conclusion, the H. sabdariffa water extract have a promising properties in the discovery new drugs due to its biological activity and its viability worldwide.        

In Malaysia, Entada spiralis Ridl. from Leguminoceae family grows wildly and the scientific study of it has not been explored deeply. Entada spiralis Ridl. is a liana or woody climber plant which is locally known as "akarbeluru" or "Sintok". This study is performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sintok extract from the stem bark of Entada spiralis against skin bacteria infections by the disc diffusion method. Two types of skin bacteria known as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were selected and tested against the water extracted Sintok. Sintok concentration of 1600mg/ml gave the highest inhibition zone diameter against Streptococcus pyogene rather than Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 25.5 mm and 18. mm, respectively. This study indicates clear evidence supporting the traditional use of Entada spiralis in treating skin infections related to bacteria

From prehistoric era, the plants are used as a healing for many alarming disease due to the presence of therapeutic value. Even in contemporary invention, many herbal plants are intent in research field to concise about the efficacy of plant in curing disease with fewer side effects in long term exposure. Physalis minima Linn is generally used in the indigenous system of medicine for various diseases like diuretic, fevers, etc. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the phytochemical substances and bioactive compound of the aqueous methanol extract of unripe fruit of Physalis minima Linn. The crude extract was separated by soxhlet using methanol as solvent followed by the phytochemical screening to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. Volatile components present in the methanol extract were separated and identified using GC/MS. The Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry chromatogram result showed the presence of total of 18 bioactive compounds in crude extract of physalis minima Linn which are exhibiting different biological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antidiuretics etc. Antibacterial activity of Physalis minima Linn extracts were also studied using disc diffusion method. The activities of methanol extracts were tested and had showed good inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.

Soaps are the products of basics aponificationreactions (Chukwulozie, 2014). Theyare in useamong society
from its discovery by the ancientBabylonians as acleansing material(Warra,2010).Currently,therearealarge
numberofcommercially available medicinal soapswhich come mainly as solid bar or liquid soaps. The
difference between solid and liquid soaps isthatinsolidsoapNaOH is used as base,whereas in liquid
soapsKOH is used as base in there preparation (Chukwulozie,2014).

Out of a hundred horses, fecal samples Escherichia coli was isolated from 37 samples of
different ages, The isolated samples had been used to examine the effect of peganum
harmaline on isolated E.coli in vitro and in vivo.
The goal of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of peganum
harmaline extract by means of (ethanol: methanol 1:1) in opposition to Escherichia coli at
various 40,20, 10, 5, 2,5, 1,25 and 0,625 mg/ml concentrations in each plastic and glass
tube. The values of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum
bactericidal concentration) for the extract against E.coli were equal to (0.625 mg/ml) for
MIC and (10 mg/ml) for MBC on bacteria which cultured on glass tube while the MIC
value was 40 mg/ml and MBC was10 mg/ml on plastic tube. The effect of Peganum
harmaline on the formation of E.coli biofilm was investigated and the biofilm inhibitory
concentrations were 40-6.25mg / ml in vitro. In vivo, a group of laboratory mice used, the
LD50 of peganum harmaline extract was tested orally by up and down method and found
to be 1030 mg/kg body weight, the extract used as 103 mg/kg bodyweight treatment after
causing E.coli infection at 1×108 CFU/ml in laboratory mice the treated persist for two
weeks in group one and three weeks in the second group as well as three week treated in
the third group from the second days after infection while the control group left without
treated and the mice sacrificed after second, third and fifth days of infection. The result
shows histopathological changes in all treated groups, especially in the third group and
that refers to the antibacterial effect of the peganum harmaline ethanolic extract when
compared to the infected control group.