European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The incidence of congenital heart defect is 8-10/1000 live-births according to various reports from the different parts of the world.3 this incidence has remained constant worldwide.4 It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. These account for about 30% of the total congenital abnormalities. Neonates with CHD presents with low oxygen saturation which can be screened with the help of pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry is an easy and non-invasive method for measuring arterial oxygen saturation in newborns with a high level of accuracy.
Objective: To asses the role of Pulse Oximetry as a Screening Tool for Detecting Congenital Heart Disease.
Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted by the Department of Paediatrics (Post Natal Ward) at Government Multi-specialty Hospital, Sector-16 and Chandigarh from December 2015 to June 2016.
Results: Among the study out of 528 study subjects nearly 5 (0.9%) of them were found to be positive and 523(99.1%) of them were found to be negative. The mean value of spo2 in positive screened cases of the upper limb was noted to be 91.20 which ranged from 89-94. In the lower limb, the mean value was found to be 90.20, which ranged from 84-94. The mean value of hand-foot difference was 3.00. The mean SpO2 Saturation in the upper and lower Limb between screen positive and Screen Negative was found to be statistically Significant with P Value of less than <0.0001.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis of CHD is crucial to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of CHD as the first manifestation of CHD may be associated with circulatory collapse or death. Pulse oximetry can detect mild hypoxemia which is characteristic of CHD. Therefore, pulse oximetry screening should be implemented in routine post natal examination of neonates.

Background:Cardiac diseases complicate about 1% of pregnancies in women.
Pregnancy is a natural stress test and the cardiovascular system must undergo major
changes to its structure to sustain tremendous increases in blood volume. According to
the National Centre for Health Statistics, almost half of adults aged 20 and older have at
least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Detailed assessment of patient
throughout pregnancy may lead to initial discovery of heart diseases. Hence, the present
study was conducted at Tertiary Care Hospital to study the prevalence of heart diseases
in pregnancy, and is to assess the Sociodemographic Characteristics and Early
Pregnancy Behaviors among Pregnant Women with Heart Disease.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, hospital-based study was done in the
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a Teaching Institute of Goa from the 1stof
June 2012 to 31stof May 2014 and included all the pregnant women or puerperia with
heart disease who delivered during that time period. A written consent was obtained
from all participants and they were fully informed about the study. Clinical history was
gathered after admission, and patient-specific and pertinent information was acquired
through interviews in a structured data collection schedule. In addition to all routine
antenatal investigations, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed.
Collected data was tabulated on a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using simple
descriptive statistics like percentage, ratio and proportion.
Results: Out of total 10230 admissions in our hospital in year, 102 of women had
pregnancy complicated by diagnosed heart diseases (1.0%). In present study, most of
patients were having NYHA grade of 1 (67.6%) and 2 (26.5%). Two fifth of patients
(21.6%) were illiterate. Most of admitted patients were from rural area (67.6%). One
third of patients were having SES of class III (30.4%). In present study, 85.3% of
subjects have registered for the ANC care. Only one third of subjects had four or more
ANC visits (29.4%). Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy was noticed
in 2.9% and 6.9% of patients. In our study out of 102 patients, there was one maternal
death in this study.
Conclusion: The incidence of heart disease in pregnancy was 1 % and most of the cases
were NYHA Grade 1 (67.6%) or grade II (26.5%). Most of admitted patients were from
rural area (67.6%). Only one third of subjects had four or more ANC visits (29.4%).
Therefore, educating the patient about heart disease and its complications reduces
maternal and perinatal mortality.

Background:Cardiac disease is an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity
both in ante partum and postpartum period. The overall incidence of heart disease in
pregnancy is <1%. Objective of present study was to determine maternal outcome in
pregnant women with heart diseases in terms of fetal complication, maternal
complication and Mode of delivery. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the
influence of biological factors inPerinatal Outcome in Heart Disease Complicating
Pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This study wasconducted between January 2018 to
Decmber2021,ina tertiary care centre, SVIMS, Sri Padmavathi Medical college for
women. It is a retrospective observational study. Sample size is 55.
Results: In the present study, age distribution varied from 20-40 yrs. majority of women
(52.72%) are in the age group 20-25 years, followed by 23.63% in the age group of 26-30
years, 12.72% in the age group 31-35 years and 1.81% in the age group 36-40 years.
90.90% of cases are booked cases and 9.10% of cases are booked cases.
Conclusion: Preconceptional counselling, accurate risk assessment, regular antenatal
checkups,prevention, early recognition and aggressive treatment of complications
during pregnancy are crucial in reducing themorbidity. Surgical correction of the
cardiac lesion prior to pregnancy is associated with better pregnancy outcome.