European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Objective: Our main aim is to review the published literature under the ENT manifestations in COVID19 positive patients having underlying causes. Materials and Methods: We have read about 45 peer-reviewed Elsevier, springer, wild pub, Jama network, British health magazine, Pub Med, Wiley's online booksellers, Karger journals, Europe PMC, new England newspaper, American Roentgen ology journal, and Nature's Public Health Emergency Series. We read about 45 peer-reviewed articles. The authors then summarized, collected, and analyzed the findings of research that met these criteria for inclusion and exclusion.

Aim: Predicting the mortality of COVID-19 with a spectrum of complications is a difficult task for prognostication and management. When individual level data of COVID-19 patients were not yet available, there is a need for risk predictors to support the treatment decisions. The study aims to identify the high accurate marker to measure the prognosis and outcome of COVID19.
Methods:
COVID-19 course is divided into four stages, according to chest computed tomography (C.T.) progress. The demographics, disease exposure history, clinical condition, laboratory tests, computed tomographic chest scan, and outcome data were collected and measured their correlation to assess the risk predictor.
Results:
The 10.4% mortality (n=52) was observed in total population. D-dimer (μg/dL) levels observed as 0.75 ± 0.65 in expired patients. NLR ratio observed as 17.1 in expired patients. Ferritin levels were observed as 49.8 ± 32.5 in expired patients. A D-dimer positive predictive value of 72.5% and a negative predictive value of 88% for a predictor of mortality. Ferritin positive predictive value of 35.5% and a negative predictive value of 76.5% for the predictor of mortality. Hence, the AUC of serum ferritin 0.598 represents the poor ability to discriminate the prediction for the cause of death than D-dimer levels. D‐dimer > 2 μg/dL on admission was associated with in‐hospital death. These main findings indicate that D‐dimer on admission >2.0 μg/dl was the independent predictor of hospital death in patients with Covid‐19. A D-dimer has the highest positive predictive value than serum ferritin levels.
Conclusion: The AUC for D- dimer at admission was 0.880, with an optimal cutoff of 2.2 μg/dL in predicting the cause of mortality. D‐dimer on admission > 2.0 μg/mL (fourfold increase) is the best predict in‐hospital mortality and a helpful marker to improve the management of Covid‐19.

The extensive spread of novel coronavirus19 (COVID19) had put a tremendous burden on health care facilities in investigation and prioritizing the treatment of COVID19 patients. Globally, as of 21 October 2020, there have been 40,455,651 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 1,119,431 deaths, reported to WHO.Due to rapid increase in its alarmist state it is of prime importance to assess the factors influencing the COVID19 susceptibility. In our study we assessed one of the independent factors like blood group in COVID19 patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the prevalence and distribution of blood group among COVID19 patients in order to determine its susceptibility. In our study we assessed1000 COVID19 patients and their blood group was traced in order to find their distribution. In our study majority of COVID19 patients belong to A group and the least belongs to O and AB group. Although a detailed analysis is required for determining the association between blood group and COVID19 susceptibility, these data can throw light and form the basement for a future extensive study.

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has been the headline over the past few months and forced the institution and individuals to work remotely and practices such as social distancing. Consequently, the cybercriminals urgent implementation of technology to enable the organization to work remotely by conducting cyber-attack targeting critical organization within countries. This article discusses the different type of cyber threats and its impact to the organizations during COVID-19 pandemic by exploiting the digital and technology.

IntroductionSARS-COV-2 causing COVID19 is more transmissible because of two main reasons, which include its ability to bind with receptors of host cell and other being viral load in COVID-19 positive patients which is higher, specifically in throat and nose after developing symptoms.Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as the reverse flow of abdominal contents into the oropharynx and or nasopharynx and larynx.Recent studies on COVID 19 have documented that LPR may be related with this viral infection. No previous studies have documented incidence of LPR. Our study was an effort to establish the incidence of LPR in COVID 19 positive hospital patients.
Aimof the study
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in hospitalized Covid-19 patients using Reflux symptom index.
Methodology
This was a prospective study conducted in tertiary care centre on 402 Covid-19 patients who were hospitalized with minimal symptoms & clinically stable, between April 2020 to July 2020. All 402 patients were assessed for the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux using Reflux symptom index questionnaire (RSI). Reflux symptom index value of more than or equal to 13 is indicative of laryngopharyngeal reflux
Result and discussion
Among 402 patients 102 of them had RSI >/=13, among which 54 were males and 48 were females.In our study 16.6%(n=17) were between the age of 20-30 years, 23.5% (n=24) between 31-40 years, 20.5% (n=21) between 41-50 years,25.4% (n=26)between 51-60 years,9.8% (n=10) between 61-70 years and 3.9% (n=4) in 71-80 years. The most common symptom being foreign body sensation in throat followed by post nasal drip & clearing throat mucus.41.1%(n=42)of the study group had onset of symptoms on 3rd day of being tested positive for COVID 19
Conclusion
This study helped to assess the incidence of LPR in COVID19 positive patients. COVID19 medications, altered dietary and lifestyle habits, stress levels might be a reason for this.

Global economy because of COVID-19 has tanked to historical lows. It is not the first time in the world history that global community is bracing for a pandemic. COVID-19 started in Wuhan, the global epicentre of both—the virus as well as the economic bustle and flurry. After the few days of proliferation of the virus, busy streets of Wuhan were back to deserted scenes. China is currently the production house of the world. The dangers to the health sector of the countries is definitely under tremendous pressure but more worryingly, it is threatening world economy into recession. US Federal Reserve has gone for an emergency rate-cut of half percentage point. This is the biggest since 2008 financial crises. But the step seems more a knee-jerk reaction out of compulsion rather than a mature policy decision.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) is a global public-health emergency. Dental professionals are considered to be at high risk, as most dental treatment procedures can lead to the spread of infection due to the direct proximity with saliva, blood and generation of aerosols.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices regarding COVID-19 among dental students in Chennai, India during these critical times.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-administered, structured, close-ended 15-point questionnaire was distributed among the undergraduate and postgraduate dental students in Chennai. A total of 198 participants completed the questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used for data collection and the distribution of responses was presented as percentages. RESULTS: Among the 198 participants a total of 54 (27.2%) exhibited high level of knowledge while 67 (33.8%) demonstrated moderate knowledge and 77 (38.8%) demonstrated low level of knowledge. Mean knowledge score was 8.5, minimum and maximum scores were 4 and 15 respectively among the dental students.
CONCLUSION: Most the participants seemed to have inadequate knowledge about COVID19 and precautionary measures taken to prevent COVID19 from spreading. These show vulnerabilities in the knowledge of dental students to deal with the current scenario and thus, there is a need to improve the knowledge of dental students through health education and training programmes. After the condition is normalised, further research on the subject are also required.

The 2019 pandemic of Corona Virus disease (COVID-19), caused by extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exploded in 2020 and produced severe global socio-economic and public health challenges. A subset of patients were also diagnosed with diarrhoea as well as usual characteristics such as fever, toxin and dyspnea. However, there has been inadequate attention to the clinical characteristics and prognoses of COVID-19-associated diarrhoea1–3. The analysis discusses the occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, improvements in faecal viruses, forecasts and influences influential to diarrhoea associated with COVID-19. In patients with COVID-19, the occurrence of diarrhoea was registered between 2% and 49.5%. SARS-CoV-2 of ACE-2 expressing the small intestine epithelial cells, which causes local intestinal damages, was reported as the key cause of diarrhoea. This cell invasion may be a main factor in pharyngeal swab positive for the long duration of SARS-CoV-2 found in faeces. The related diarrhoea in these patients disrupts the bowel flora equilibrium and leads to a greater severity of diseases and a better forecast. Patients with positive fecal-nucleic acid testing and intestinal microflower diseases should be careful with COVID-19 induced diarrhoea, and design more appropriate prevention and care options for these patients.

Community medicines is a branch of medicine dealing with health issues of the community as a whole The bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “community medicine and COVID19”.  All published articles related to “Community medicine and COVID19” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps.This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding the “Community medicine and COVID19”and also to find out the trends related to the same.The most active journals in this research domain were identified asDisaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness andThe Lancet Infectious Diseases. The most active countries were the United States of America andChina. The leading organizations engaged in the research regarding “Community medicine and COVID19” wereHarvard Medical School and the University of Washington of the United States of America.The most active authorswere Wolf M.S. and Yuen K.-Y.