European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: To study the clinical and demographic profile of the patients with brain metastases in a tertiary care centre in north India.
Material and methods: This Observational and cross sectional study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient medicine/radiotherapy department or admitted in Government Medical College, Jammu. Total number of 100 patients was taken. The study group comprised of patients with clinical and radiological signs of brain metastasis.
Results: Maximum subjects were from the age group of 51-60 years (41%) followed by 41-50 as well as >60 years (20%). Statistically significant difference was found among the subjects having brain metastasis w.r.t age group as p<0.05. Females and male comprised of 56% and 44% of the subjects respectively. Left and right side of the brain in brain metastasis was found among 33% and 28% of the subjects respectively while bilateral involvement was revealed in 39% of the subjects. Frontal, parietal, temporal occipital and cerebellar was reported among 19%, 53%, 11%, 15% and 2% of the subjects respectively. Supratentorial and infratentorial location of tumour was found among 96% and 4% of the subjects respectively. Hence dominating location of tumour was supratentorial with statistically significant difference as p<0.05. Most common symptom was headache (69%) followed by vomiting (58%) and neurological deficit (40%). Least common reported symptom was cerebellar sign (4%) followed by visual symptoms (24%) and seizures (27%). According to ECOG grading, fully active status was not found in any of the subject. ECOG grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 was reported among 11%, 42%, 33% and 14% of the subjects respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from our results that brain metastases are disease of elderly people with slight female dominance in this area. Lung and breast are the most common primary sources throwing metastases in brain. Most of the patients had multiple lesions at the time of diagnosis.

In Indian continent when a female becomes pregnant after a successful meet of a healthy sperm and an egg it is considered to a demarcation of new happy beginning for the married couple. In anticipation of new incoming baby physical and psychological developments starts to occur in women’s life. These changes would but obviously need medical help to land up in a effortless and well deserved post-natal period.
This study was undertaken to observe demographic values of pregnant women coming to hospital which may benefit further strategies of health care sector for making a healthier tomorrow.
Material methods: All the patients who were getting admitted during their labour were finally considered for the collection of data. Primarily subjects were provided with informed and written consent to participate in the study after that patient’s demography data was recorded to make the final observations. While recording data primarily age, height and weight of the patients were recorded amongst booked (496) and unbooked (508) categories. Then starting with history of present illness obstetrical history, residential address (Urban ,rural), literacy of both husband and wife with optimal educational level, occupation, religion, distance of home from hospital and socio-economic status of the patient was recorded on a pre-structured case record form.
Conclusion: By providing the standard maternity and child care services much can be done for betterment of women. Improving the literacy status of the women and providing proper transport and communication help in better utilization of antenatal care services. Reference centers should be developed close to the homes with well-equipped clinical facilities, proper instrumentation and trained staff which will benefit the outcome of pregnant women to make a healthier India.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and patterns of self-medications among MBBS students.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done among the MBBS Students.
Informed consent from every student had been filled up before starting of the study. Seriously
ill, chronically absent and not willing subjects were excluded from the study. The
questionnaire had two parts, the first one was prepared to record the demographic profile and
the second part was to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of self-medication
among the students. The MBBS students were contacted with the digital questionnaire
through different methods.
Results: Out of 220 students included in this study, 200 students were under self- medication.
Amongst these 200 participants, 62.5% were males and restwas females. Most of the students
taking self-medicated were between the ages of 19 to 25 years. 50% students usedtheir
previous experiencesfor self-medication followed by 30.5% with minor diseases, 25.5% with
saving of timewhile 20.5% used self medication seeking for immediate relief and17% as an
easy way. 40% used old prescription of doctors, 38% used textbooks as the most prevalent
sources of information about the drugs used for self-medication. The most prevalent drugs for
self-medication practice wereanalgesics (42%) followed by anti-ulcerants (35%), antipyretics
(27.5%), and antibiotics (20.5%).
Conclusion: We concluded that there was high prevalence of self-medication amongst the
MBBS Students, so government should implement some strict rules and regulations.