European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem in developing and developed world .The great attention was centered on the diabetic complications like cardiovascular, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. The pulmonary complications of type-2 diabetes mellitus have been poorly characterized. Several studies are suggested that diabetes is associated with impaired pulmonary functions. The underlying mechanism seems to be microangiopathy brought in by the non enzymatic glycosylation of various scleroproteins in lungs and elsewhere. Since collagen is the most abundant tissue protein in major bronchi, vessels and interstitium, the alterations in pulmonary functions occur as a rule. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia on lung functions, which focused on mechanical aspects of lung dysfunction – maximal forced spirometric pulmonary function tests like FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEV1/FVC% to be specific.

Background:Body  adiposity,  especially  ectopic  fat  accumulation,  has  a  range  of  metabolic  and cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to investigate whether thyroid function is associated with various regional fat quantities in euthyroid subjects.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 90 patients divided into 2 groups (a) newly detected hypothyroids (b) normal control group. Cases were matched with controls in having similar environment exposure and age group. All patients had routine symptom and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood picture, pulmonary function test, chest x ray and thyroid function test were done. Data was entered and analyzed.
Results: In this study author observed a significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio in hypothyroids. FVC between cases and controls did not show statistical significance, although the mean FVC was found to be lower in cases (1.44) as compared to controls (1.79). The various respiratory patterns seen in cases were as follows: obstructive pattern (32%), followed by mixed pattern and restrictive pattern (28%, 22% respectively). Furthermore, we observed that there was no significant correlation between TSH or fT4 with FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC.
Conclusion: This study shows that hypothyroidism causes significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, thereby suggesting obstructive patterns of lung involvement. Therefore, PFT can be used routinely as a screening test for all hypothyroid patients to detect early respiratory dysfunction and thereby optimize treatment especially in obese patients and patients with pre-existing lung disease as hypothyroidism adds to their respiratory dysfunction.

Introduction- Opium is one of the most common substance abuse in Asian countries.In
this cross sectional study we clarify the effects of opium on respiratorysystem and possible
mechanism of respiratory involvement ,Method: The casecontrol study was done on two
groups of men between the ages of 30-50 years. Thecase group was of 100 opium addicts.
Thecontrol Group was of 100 healthy nonopium addicts. All of the 200 men underwent
spirometryand the results comparedwith each other. Result: In the opium addicts the mean
FVC was 3.10± 0.62L whichis significantly lower than normal value (4.2L in males).In
controls, the mean FVCwas 3.60±0.54L.P value for FVC was <0.001 which shows a
significant
resultstatistically.InourstudyopiumaddictsmeanFEV1was2.93±0.57Lwhichwasnearabout
normal than the standard normal values ruling out an obstructive defect. Meanvalues of
FEV1/ FVC was 94.0 ±0.13 %, highly suggestive of restrictive pulmonarydefects.
Conclusion: Opium abuse causes restrictive type of effect on pulmonaryfunction.

Tobacco smoking is widely prevalent all over the world and it continues to rise in
developing countries. Smoking has a deleterious effect on pulmonary functions. Smoking
is the single most significant risk factor contributing to the development of Chronic
obstructive airway diseases (COPD). Spirometry by a trained health professional gives an
indication of lung health by measuring airway abnormality. Objectives were to study
pulmonary function test (PFT) in smokers and non-smokers Tobacco smoking, in the form
of cigarettes, has a deleterious effect on the health, mainly on the pulmonary functions.
Smoking is highly associated with an abnormal PFT. Cessation of smoking should be
encouraged and PFTs from time to time in asymptomatic adults both smokers and nonsmokers
will be useful for early identification of abnormalities.