European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background As the pandemic COVID-19 (due to novel Corona virus) is widely spreading across the globe, it is creating extensive fear, anxiety, apprehension and stress. These are all inevitable and growing reactions to the changing and uncertain situation in which all of us find ourselves. Objectives This study was carried out to assess the psychological impact of the novel, unprecedented situation arising due to pandemic in adult Indian population. Method The data was collected with self-reported questionnaire based survey. The survey was circulated in social media as Google form and participation was completely voluntary. Data was statistically analysed by using chi square test for the calculation of significance. Results The responders had moderate level of perceived stress and anxiety 71%; 63.1% were found to be above average in terms of wellness, 80% were reported to smoke/chew tobacco/consume alcohol and 98.1% were well aware of COVID-19 and seriously followed social distancing. Conclusion Since disruptive effect of COVID-19 social distancing is dominating our daily lives, it is important to maintain connection. Anxiety and fears of each and every individual should be acknowledged and better understood by other individuals, communities and caregivers.

Web applications are being used all around the world to create and establish different forms of platforms to both aid businesses as well as users. This paper is focused upon establishing and developing a web application which will help users fight COVID-19. Unlike other platforms which obtain information regarding COVID-19. This application will enable users to register themselves and look for COVID-19 facilities within their surroundings. Once the facilities have been located the user will be able to further book a bed within the hospital while viewing all of the details related to their requirements. This booking request will be further sent to the administrator of the web application who will manage the entire request and ensure that the users are provided the proper details regarding this to ensure that there are no issues in the future regarding their booking. They will also be told a list of preventive measures they must take along with what they may bring for their accommodation. Through this paper a multi-level web application implemented with different phases will be explained

Introduction: Emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affectedalmost every country. This study aimed to provide the patterns of acute liver injuryof COVID-19 infection from field hospital in Thailand and ASEAN and update situation of COVID-19 infection in ASEAN.
Method: All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted toThammasatuniversity field hospital between January 2020 and May 2020 were included.ASEAN COVID-19 studies have beensearched by PubMed and Scopus and extensively reviewed.
Results:There were 381 ASEAN COVID-19 studies searched by PubMed and Scopus. However, 3 studies reported the liver function tests and met our inclusion criteria. Total of 86 patients (52 patients form Thailand, 18 patients from Indonesia and 16 patients from Singapore) were included and described liver parameters of COVID-19 infection in ASEAN. From our field hospital, total of 412 COVID-19 tests performed and 41 patients were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.The abnormal liver function test was detected in 52.6%.The patterns of acute liver injury in COVID-19 patients were transaminitis (36.8%) and hypoalbuminemia (31.6%)whichsignificantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection (OR 14.50, 95%CI 1.14-185.18, p=0.040; OR 31.49, 95%CI 1.41-705.47, p=0.030; respectively). 
Conclusions:Acute liver injury could be found in COVID-19 infectionespecially in ASEAN. COVID-19 patients with transaminitis and hypoalbuminemia should raise clinical suspicion for severe disease andbe closely monitoredfor rapid disease progression.

The study is based on investigating the work life balance of the resident doctors during COVID-19.
Design: Focus group interviews with doctors, resident doctors and interns were conducted who were assigned duties in COVID 19 wards of the hospitals of Northern India.
Participants: The study was carried out on 97 doctors (Psychiatrists, radiologists, pediatricians, gynecologists and Medicine) who were posted in COVID 19 wards in some or the other shift. The doctors were assigned duties in the two COVID- 19 hospitals of Northern India where the study was carried out. The long and tedious working hours in the hospital came with additional responsibility of maintaining and recording the data of COVID patients. After the 15 day long duty in the hospital these doctors were required to stay alone in a separate accommodation where they were quarantined for fourteen days. This long separation from family and friends disturbed their lives leading to immense stress. Their morale went down drastically. The issue of balancing work life was especially challenging for female doctors having young children.
Conclusion: poor work-lie balance adversely affected the wellbeing of the doctors.

COVID-19 is an epidemic that has been multiplying rapidly across the globe. To order to regulate its growth, several nations have implemented home-stay or lockout policies. Prolonged domestic residency, though, can cause worse effects such as economic instability, homelessness, food shortages and individuals' mental health issues. This article presents an intelligent consumer electronics solution for secure & gradual launch after residence restrictions have been lifted. Completely automatic hand sanitizer supplier to prevent quickly spreading novel corona virus. It is implemented to restrict the development of new positive cases through auto touch tracking and by promoting critical social distancing.

The Large Scale Social Restrictions, implementation has been regulated in Government Regulation (PP No. 21 of 2020) signed by the President of the Republic of Indonesia and along with the Minister of Health of Republic of Indonesia's Regulation (Permenkes No. 9 of 2020) concerning Large-Scale Social Limitation Guidelines in the Context of the Handling of COVID-19. This is undoubtedly to overcome the problem of dissemination COVID-19. This research aimed to find out the lifestyle of the people in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, during the emergency response phase of COVID-19. Methods of data collection were executed by filling out the lifestyle questionnaires that were previously prepared and uploaded in the Google Form toward the population aged over 16 years in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research was conducted by a cross-sectional study method. According to the results of data analysis, about 191 respondents were involved in this study. Information about COVID-19 was mostly obtained from the internet or social media was 71.20%. Daily consumption of vegetables and fruit was 39.27%. Around 47.64% of respondents experienced a change of habit, such as sometimes do sunbathe, and 30.89% of respondents increased physical activity frequency more than three times a week. The 98.43% of East Nusa Tenggara society tended to wear masks outside of their house, and 85.34% always wash their hands using soap. The prevalence of daily fresh food consumption during this virus pandemic was 77.49%, and instant food products were 2.62% every day. Factors that changed during the Covid-19 virus pandemic were smoking, physical activity, consumption, washing hands, wearing masks, sunbathing, and processed foods consumption.

Good knowledge about Covid-19 transmission and nature prevents transmission of microorganisms and reduces the incidence of Covid-19 in the community. To assess knowledge of Iraqi people about covid-19&to find the source of information about covid-19. Method: Cross-sectional study was done from 1stJune-1stJuly 2020, by electronic version of questionnaire through Google-form. Any Iraqi adult can read Arabic and use the internet media (e-mails, telegram, viber, whatsapp, Facebook) or by hand to hand as hard-copy, and accepted to answer the questionnaire through friend, friend of friend, relatives, work colleagues with A Brief message.Analysed by SPSS ver. 23, frequencies and percentages calculated. The study revealed enrolling of 700 Iraqi people from difference part of Iraq and difference were participant in it, the main age of them 230(32.9%) aged 20-29 years old, females 416(59.4%), complete secondary school388(55.4%), near 60% of them working in non-medical field, and governmental employee 364(52.0%), and there-residency in Baghdad city 457(65%), followed by holly-Karbala 8%, and bible 4%, good knowledgein prevention of Covid-19 transmission, Strength the immunity against covid-19 infection and its complication, and the Overall knowledge appear as good 691(99%) the Internet is the major source of the information about the covid-19; 568(81.1%). Conclusion: most of participants had good knowledge in prevention and strength the immunity and vaccination of covid 19, and the main source of information is the internet then TV & radio.

The positive emotional state of students, in which they accept themselves
physically, accept others, and participate in issues of common good in times of
pandemic, characterizes the learning environment of the subject under study. The
purpose of this research was to determine the impact of affectivity on the learning of
citizenship and civic education of the students in second grade of high school in the
educational institutions Sebastián Barranca and Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes in the
province of Ica, Peru, in times of the pandemic. There was a population of 150 students
and a sample of 93, chosen by means of a probabilistic sample selection. Two
instruments were applied: the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory and the learning
questionnaire in the area of citizenship and civic education, developed by the
researchers of this study. The index r of rho Spearman was used for the correlation and
for the influence the linear regression, having as a result: affectivity influences
significantly (p < 0.01) in the dimension Living respecting himself and the others whose
general values are r = 0.293**; r2 = 0.078; and it has a non-significant impact (p > 0.05)
on the dimensions Participation in public affairs to promote the common good and
Learning in the area of citizenship and civic education (r = 0.072; r2 = 0.5%; r = 0.192;
r2 = 3.7%). As a conclusion, activities focused on affection should be promoted in order
to improve the dimension Living respecting himself and the others.

The recent pandemic disease called “COVID-19 or Corona Virus”, which is prevalent the whole world is also spread in every state of our own country India. It has a wide range impact on every aspect of the life of the people everywhere. The people are sure to undergo vast variety of COVID-19 impacts like stress, anxiety, tensions, fear, remorse, disinterestedness, physical problems like pressure and heart problems, various other discomforts, frustrations, irritation, anger, etc. It is said by the psychologists that a like 'COVID-19’ will have a significant impact on the mental health of the people who live any part of the world. This impact will be multifaceted: immediate effect, short-time impact, effect which could be long lasting, different types of impacts, etc. One great impact of this COVID-19 situation is felt in the educational field-education process is in a standstill. Lot stress is experienced by the teachers which has affected their psychological well-being and has reduced the degree of their employment-related experience or the total quality of their work life at the school. Teachers must remain calm so as to look after their own well-being. In this way, through different ways,they should navigate through this time and must their own psychological well-being and higher degree of quality of work life.

The novel Corona Virus that casted a spell in China turned around and engulfed the whole globe. With nothing available to combat such a preposterous and deadly virus, India too surrendered to the virus. The Corona Virus outbreak has unleashed a terror which world could have hardly imagined of. It has engulfed every sector and every field into its helm. Journalism too hit a bad rock because of the virus. Media mostly thrives on the ground zero reports and stories but due to the virus it has paralyzed the activities thus crippled the ground level work. The present study will enlighten us how journalists of India are managing their work amid the Covid 19 outbreak.

Domestic abuse, a prevalent problem in all cultures, and debates about this phenomenon are related to the complexities and the tabous. Domestic violence / harassment of relationships refers to romantic marriages or partnerships between spouses and in these situations often the female gender is the survivor. There are many women who experience psychological and physical violence in their close relationships and immediate social environment which later become a serious health problem for them. Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behaviour which involves physical , psychological, mental, economic and emotional abuse committed by one individual against another near individual with the purpose of gaining and retaining power and control. Domestic abuse can be found in all sorts of intimate marriages, such as married spouses, single spouses, living in families, individuals with shared children, same-sex partners, in past partnerships etc. The aim of this study is to find out the nature and various causes of domestic violence against women during COVID-19's lockdown situation. Using standard questionnaire and random sampling, samples of 165 females from various sectors with varying educational qualifications and family status levels were surveyed. To get the appropriate results, a T-test was applied. Specific causes and character of domestic violence can be found in the COVID-19 case, such as oral bullying, abuse , physical abuse, assault, mistreatment, spouse's aggressive behavior and sexual abuse due in part to factors such as female identity, financial distress, domination, alcohol and extra-marital problems, etc..

To evaluate the psychological impact on ophthalmologists of the COVID 19 crisis during lock-ups in India. An online study was carried out during the lockout on ophthalmologists. The details collected included population information, address, current professional status, form of activity, marital status, effect on training or practises of COVID-19, and effect on income and living cost power. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured psychiatric anxiety. Altogether 2,215 ophthalmologists replied. Multivariable research found that at younger age depression was considerably greater. For an age rise of 1 year, the risks of depression declined by 2.86%. Non-practicing ophthalmologists were more concerned about their schooling or professional development, in particular those with difficulties covering living costs. An extraordinarily significant number of ophthalmologists suffer from psychiatric disorders and will need customised psychological treatment of health

A working parent definitely refers to either a father or mother or both who take part in a work life. Usually, life of working parents is amazingly gratifying, but still it is not always an easy task for them to perform their routines life by combining their life hours and work together in order to perform their best for both families and careers. As matter of fact that COVID-19 spreading so fast all over countries, majority of a working parents need to stay at home while performing their task as a worker at home On account of that condition, this study was examining the emotionally parental burnout among working parents during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO). The online survey was conducted to the Malaysian working parents and a total number of 145 working parents fulfilled the survey before the 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) ended. The result shown that the level of emotionally parental burnout among working parent during Malaysia movement control order is at aaverage to high level with 84.8% which level that we need to put on alarm to give hands to help them before things get worse. Other than that, even there are not significant, but by mean score, a father is more likely facing a parental burnout where a father need to stay at home taking care of their families and stay together all day. Besides, parents who get salary in range of below RM 2000 and RM2001-RM4000, parent who still need to go to the office during MCO and parents who working more than 4 hours daily got the highest score of parental burnout.

The current outburst of the coronavirus strain 2019 (COVID-19) represents a public health emergency of global distress. Because of the community spread outline of this infection, the outburst is still on a rise in spite of global efforts to control the disease spread. The appearance of coronavirus in today’s life brought so many restrictions in daily life. It appears as life has stuck and limited. Dentistry is the field of medicine which has suffered a lot. The present article highlighted various challenges and effect of coronavirus on oral health and its implication

Human activity recognition is one among the foremost vital rising technology. Principle parts from the body parts territory are utilized for human movement acknowledgment to scale back spatial property. A multi scale delineation human action acknowledgment is done to save the segregate data before spatial property decrease. This paper could be a human action Recognition system for identification of person. It takes input a video of COVID-19 patients and searches for a match within the hold on pictures. This method is predicate d on Gabor options extraction mistreatment Gabor filter. For feature extraction the input image is matching with Gabor filter and further personal sample generation formula is employed to pick out a collection of informative and non redundant Gabor options. DNN (Deep learning Models) is used for matching the input human action image to the hold on pictures. This method is used in hospital management application for detecting the COVID-19 patient activity from surveillance cameras. By using the SVM and deep learning the human activity is recognized using matlab tool.

The moment when we have a child will be a very meaningful as we start to think that we begin our new life with new experience to explore with. Despite that, journey of parenting can be stressful especially when parents are facing other hard situation to handle and combine with some behavior of children that very unexpected, they may start to develop their parental burnout. In fact that the pandemic of Covid-19, the rapid cases increase day by day and affected all over the countries, most of the working parents have to stay and work from home and spend most of their time with children. Due to that situation, this study was examine the parental burnout during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) in three aspects, parental burnout checklist, parental neglect and also parental violence. The online questionnaire was given to the Malaysian Parents and a total of 158 completed the survey before the the Movement Control Order end.. The results shown there were no significant result of parents gender role, total number of children and having a helper or spouse to help. Thus, results were referred to high means score and found among parents gender role, father get higher with (M=55.79), parent with 2 children (M=56.18), not having a helper or maid (M54.44) and no spouse to help (M=56.32). The finding also found overall level of emotionally is at average to high level. Since parental burnout is a
serious situation that instancy requires more attention, parents are advised to find the best solution such as to contact Pusat Kesihatan Mental Masyarakat (MENTARI) as prepared by goverment for Malaysian before things get worse.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious pathogen rapidly spreading throughout the world. The disease has become a global pandemic having approximately thirty four million disease cases with one million reported deaths, worldwide. The immuno compromised and/or old age people are most susceptible to severe form of the disease. The pathogenic virus enters the human body causing numerous changes in the immune system regulation. Several studies report that coronavirus causes ‘cytokine storm’ leading to adverse effects of host immune response. Thus, it becomes necessary to prevent the pathogen from hijacking the host’s immune system. The present study elaborately describes the scope of immunomodulation in COVID-19 along with ayurvedic herbs as potential immunomodulating drugs to curtail the effects of the pathogenic virus. Briefly, the study provides dual strategy of immunomodulation and antiviral herbal compounds as a measure to control the pandemic at current stage.

Aim: This research sought to raise information among the general population in Odisha, India regarding COVID-19.
Materials and methods: In March-April 2020, the cross-section study of 440 participants from diverse locations and backgrounds in Odisha included socio-demographic processes including protective steps against COVID-19 information results, which included strong and accurate queries.
Results: Most respondents received excellent COVID-19 knowledge and intelligence. Much of the respondents (46,10%) were 18-30 years old including 36,80% graduated from postgraduated, 30,20% did graduate, 23,06% passed 12th, so 5,09% participated 10th. Near to 98.40% of COVID-19 and 73.30% of COVID-19 have recorded a pandemic. The sources of a corona virus throughout China was identified as an infectious illness by 93.60% to 90.70%. Around 65.90 percent recorded an incubation time of 14 days with respect to signs and indications. Participant records of serious conditions such as sickle coughing (84.30%), fever (85.20%), nasal congestion (64.5%) and headaches (59.80%). About 90.70% stated that this can spreads via outlets and 78.40% stated that it can transmit via exposure to infected items. 88% stated they regularly wash their hands, while 85% has said social distinction is the main determinant of security. 79.80% reported staying home & calling helpline, while you notice COVID-19 signs.
Conclusions: Healthcare and also the Govt. of India and also the Govt. of Odisha are making huge efforts to address COVID-19 and also to aware the community and to raising understanding regarding COVID-19.

We can see a sudden increase in technical advancement from past two decades in the area of E-learning and especially post covid-19 lockdown around the globe in majority countries. This facility has provided access to learning around the globe. It also enhances their ability to connect with the outside world and to build their skills in new streams which are yet to come in their geographical location. In the initial days everyone was searching and advising for best possible strategies for work from home but educational institutions had come up with a challenging solution if implemented well will reduce the effect of this virus-related lockdown on studies of the students. The biggest boon to educational institutions is the video conferencing tool made available by various application running around the globe like google hangouts, meet and zoom app etc also they are taking help of online courses made available free of cost to the faculty as well as students lile coursera, swayam etc. This type of platforms student is having freedom to interact one to one with his instructor resolve the queries raised by him for any feedback which he or she is willing to provide to the instructor making this e-learning through m-learning successful. The biggest advantage in this is you can access your lecture at any time when you are free e from your regular work and can make your notes at any time without any disturbance from your classmates for your colleagues. Taking these things in regard, educational institutions are investing more on e-resources and providing best state of the art facilitates to their students.

The Covid-19 outbreak has struck the human which impacted lot in all spheres of
the life of everyone on the earth. This pandemic covid-19 threaded the mankind which also
continues still without any medical curing across the world. World claimed to be top on
doing research in medicine to disease to cure it but in controlling and stopping the of
Covid-19 became terrible day by day. This study depicts the family support during the
pandemic Covid-19 to come out who are affected by this pandemic disease. As measures to
contain the spread of COVID-19 are being implemented across the globe (movement
restrictions/curfews, closure of State borders, quarantine and confinement policies, etc.),
the ability of families to maintain contact is negatively impacted. Likewise, the ability of
those traditionally providing services aiming at restoring and maintaining family contact
(RFL), including the Red Cross and Red Crescent (RCRC) Movement, are sometimes
dramatically reduced.

COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected dentistry due to high coronavirus infectivity and dangerous consequences. Special recommendations were developed for dentists to limit the infection of staff and patients. to study the reasons for children visiting dental clinics during COVID-19 pandemic and give the characteristics of the patients and provided dental treatment. The cross-sectional study was conducted in four dental clinics, which worked for dental emergency in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhky during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. The data about 166 paediatric dental patients aged 1-17 years were collected. The reasons for children’s dental visits, age and behavior of the children, the tooth types, and the types of provided treatment were analyzed. The children’s behavior was assessed according to Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale. Proportions (%), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), mean-value with standard error (M±m) were calculated. The differences were assessed by Pierson’s Chi-square test at p-value 0.05. Microsoft-office Excel-2019 programs were used for the statistic analysis. The majority (98.8%, 95% CI 95.7-99.7%) of the children visited dental clinics due to acute toothache. The primary teeth needed urgent treatment significantly more often than permanent teeth: 83.7% (95% CI 77.8-88.3%) and 16.3% (95% CI 11.7-22.2%) respectively, x2 = 172.171, p < 0.0001. Among the primary teeth the most affected ones were the first and second molars, among the permanent teeth – the first molar. The common reasons for urgent dental treatment in children were caries consequences: apical periodontitis (51.6%, 95% CI 44.5-58.6) or pulpitis (35.3%, 95% CI 28.8-42.3). The other reasons were dental trauma, caries, periostitis, physiological primary tooth mobility. Acute pain in the primary teeth was caused mainly by apical periodontitis, in the permanent teeth by pulpitis. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of aerosol generating procedures, reducing the duration of the treatment and preventing the patients’ hospitalization. Almost all the primary teeth with apical periodontitis were extracted; the number of extracted and endodontically treated permanent teeth was approximately equal. The current methods of pulpitis treatment (pulp capping, pulpotomy and pulpectomy) were applied along with the pulp necrotizing agent use. Many (39.7%, 95% CI 32.6-47.4%) children demonstrated negative behavior. Behavior management techniques were used, including tell-show-do (54.5%, 95% CI 42.6-66.0%), sedation (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), general anesthesia (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), passive restraint (39.4%, 95% CI 28.5-51.4%). In the limitation of this study we can conclude that COVID-19 pandemic changed the profile of paediatric dental patients and dentist’s treatment options. In 1-17-year-old children the main reason for an emergency dental visit was acute dental pain due to caries consequences. The primary teeth needed urgent dental treatment significantly more often than the permanent teeth. The children often demonstrated negative behavior and required behavior management. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of

This paper delineates that involvement to dance and music is an active therapy that offers physical and psychological benefits for the people who affected with diseases. It is closely connected with human emotions which reduce the psychological pain and depression of people when they are getting involved with music and dance. Due to the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), patients are totally under stress and fear for life and livelihood. To overcome this perilous situation, involvement to dance and music is suggested to be an apt therapy that fights against the psychological and emotional effects through its unique power. Involvement to dance and music serves as a useful vehicle of hope and positivity to patients who are under quarantine. Hence, this paper aims to study the collaborative understanding of COVID-19 patients’ perspectives on the involvement to dance and music and how it relieves their psychological pain and gains their physical strength while diverting them from fear to during quarantine. There are 215 COVID-19 patients taken as subjects from Tamilnadu, India. There were ten questionnaires used to collect the data through Google forms. The data was analyzed through ANOVA calculation. The major finding of the study indicates that involvement to dance and music brings immeasurable healing to body and mind. Furthermore, this study recommends dance and music to be used as a therapy for COVID-19patients all over the world to keep them healthy and positive.

The onset of COVID-19 pandemic has overturned the normative and processual structures of life and has also affected the education sector worldwide. Irrespective of disciplines, the traditional forms of teaching and learning processes have shifted to its online/virtual platforms. This research paper would discuss the entanglements of the teaching process concerning the disciplines of literature during the liminal period of the pandemic. Through descriptive and comparative methods, this qualitative research would analyse whether the online/virtual platforms are effective in assisting the teaching-learning process in general. Teaching in the classroom with the physical presence and online/virtual teaching possibilities were compared. The findings of the research show that in teaching literature, the traditional model of physical presence in teaching is more effective compared to that of the online/virtual teaching-learning process. The insights of the research would help scholars to conduct different perspectives based on the theme of the paper.

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified and expanded in terms of its global reach, with huge impacts on
public health and unprecedented shocks to economies and labor markets. Many countries have initiated social distancing
policies, Lock downs to slow the virus‟s spread, with the aim of avoiding catastrophic outcomes for national health
systems and minimizing lives lost. ILO estimates show that workplace closures have increased rapidly in recent weeks
that 81 per cent of the global workforce lives in countries with mandatory or recommended closures. With increasing
numbers of partial or total lockdowns in place that restrict operations of business and movement of the vast majority of
workers, for many it has become impossible to work. Quantitative research methods were used for the study, and a
sample population was chosen amongst participants who were single and in a relationship, female and male, with and
without children, by using a convenient sampling method. The questionnaire used contained existing scales where the
Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients were above the recommended 0.8. Out of 250 distributed questionnaires, 200 were
completed and returned, giving an overall returning rate of 80%. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.
This study identified the factors influencing work force during COVID 19, the association between the
demographic profile of employees and the factors influencing employees during COVID 19 and also their impact
among the influencing factors. This study identified the existence of positive correlation between the work satisfaction
and the psychological health, which indicates that when there is higher satisfaction in work which eventually leads to
good psychological health. This study also identified that existence of positive correlation between the Family-work
conflict and the psychological stress, which indicates that increase in conflict between the work and family eventually
lead to unhappiness and psychological stress.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a great concern in the global health sector. This isdueto the large number of people infected within a wide area. The possibility of transmission from one person to anotherraises the need for isolation or restrictions in terms of physical and social interactions within the community. This study aims to determine the extent of community compliance in conducting Physical Distancing.
The research design was observational analytic, using cross sectional method,and was performed with 753 respondents. In addition, data was collected using internet-based questionnaire in the first Government Emergency Response period from March 23 to April 11, 2020. The information obtained includes demographics, physical social compliance variables and risk level. Therefore, qualitativeanalysis was performed to evaluate the frequency distribution, while the relationship between risk categories with Covid 19 cases was determined using chi square.
The results showed the majority of respondents performedoutdoor activities (60.4%), althoughwith good health protocol awareness. Also, mostparticipants wear masks (75.6%), conductgoodhand washing habit (86.6%), always use hand sanitizers (76.5) and maintain a distance from others (87%). Furthermore, the risk categories of respondents were low (95.2%),hence a relationship is established between Covid 19 cases and risk categories.This is reflectedin physical and social distancing compliance (p <0.00001),classified in the moderate category,with an odd ratio value of 9.42 (CI: 4.45-19.97).
In conclusion, moderate physical and social distancing compliance poses a greater risk for covid19 cases, thus the need to increase discipline with Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) implementation.

In understanding the spread and control of infectious diseases, mathematical modelling has become an important instrument. The epidemic disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has affected the population of almost all the countries. This disease is highly contagious and spreads through one to one contact (physical closeness)[5]. It spreads through the air in the form of tiny droplets transmitted by the breath, cough, sneezing, or even verbal contact of an infected person [19]. Being highly contagious and mortality rate, the number of confirmed cases and deaths are alarmingly rising. By routinely washing hands, keeping unwashed hands away from the face, avoiding public areas, and maintaining social distance, the various strategies to curb the spread include ensuring adequate hygiene. As a consequence, aggressive measures are required to control the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those for which both vaccines and treatments are available. Besides, combating the occurrence of a disease is always easier than treating it. This paper formulates and solves numerically the modified SEIR model with vital dynamics includes an additional compartment called Vaccination with an assumption that the vaccination will provide lifelong immunity. This assumption is feasible as the immunity can be extended through booster vaccinations in due course. The basic reproduction number is calculated and the stability of the model is discussed using the Lyapunov method. The importance of the various epidemiological parameters related to the Vaccination compartment model is discussed numerically also.

The history has shown that during dangerous situation, people seek for their own safety. However, the example shown from the Covid-19 quick anticipation in Wuhan, China has shown the exact opposite. The researcher tries to identify human behaviors during the pandemic situation of Covid-19 in Indonesia. The researcher argues that compared to other countries, Indonesian people have different characteristics and responses. They are more self-centered and judgmental. Using the qualitative approach, the researcher classifies the people into 4 groups during a pandemic situation with two main groups as the research priority. First, the egocentric group as the group dominating the food and medical supplies. The panic buying in Indonesia causes this group of people to pile up stocks at home and cause the retail price to rocket. The second group is the profit-seeking group who takes advantage of this situation and sells the important food and medical supply in high price. The four groups represent the chaotic society culture in Indonesia and are the main reasons for questions if the humanity still exists. This research gives an understanding to the government to face the next pandemic if it happens someday. There are two limitations. First, at the time this research is made, the Covid-19 pandemic is still ongoing. There is a high possibility that a new group might appear near or at the end of the pandemic. Second, this paper does not separate the people into groups of different income levels, age groups and gender. Future research should address these limitations.

According to Coronavirus disease Situation Report– 161 published by World Health Organization on 29 June 2020, globally 10 million cases and 500000 deaths and in Sri Lanka 2037 cases and 11deaths of COVID-19 had been reported . A poor understanding of the disease among Preventive Health care Employees might result in delayed treatment and rapid spread of the infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of Preventive health care Employees about COVID-19.A cross-sectional, study was conducted during June and July 2020, midst of COVID-19 outbreak in the country. A self-administered questionnaire with 25 survey item was used. A chi-square test was applied to investigate the level of association among variables, with significance set to P<.05. Out of 230 participants, 200 employees completed the survey and response rate was 86.95%.Among participants 71.5% (n=143) were female, 38.5% (n=77) were aged 40-49 years, and most of employees were Public Health Midwife (n=141, 370.5%) and least were Medical Officers of Health (n=11, 6%). Most participants (n=103, 51.3%) used Government web site to obtain information on COVID-19. A significant proportion of participants had poor knowledge on incubation period (n=41.20.5%) and more (n=187,93.5%)on complication of the disease. All the participants perceived very well about importance of taking travel history and category of waste related to patients (n=200,100%) and poorly (n=76,36%) perceived about the indication of personal protective equipment. Generally participant had moderate amount of knowledge (>57.62%) and positive perception (>69.01%) and Medical officers and Public Health Inspectors scored more than Public Health Midwife. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it was critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of Preventive Health care Employees .Health ministry should provide a comprehensive and tailored educational and training programme, targeting all staff specially PHM , to promote preventive measures of COVID-19, to achieve equilibrium in terms of knowledge on COVID-19.

Background -The main purpose of this paper is to focus on identifying the significance of ethical
ecosystem in ensuring that crisis like Covid-19 could be effectively dealt or prevented in future.
An ethical ecosystem is formed with the contribution of different individuals, groups,
organisations and institutions that collaboratively work to protect the environment and promote
sustainable use of resources.
Materials and methods-The qualitative research of the scientists, doctors and other
knowledgeable persons has been used which provides reliable source of information about the
disease and its link with the management of ecology over the globe.
Results-Findings of this research helped in identifying the significant role is being played by
different national and international industries and organisations for overcoming the Corona
pandemic. Findings of this paper informed that ethical ecosystem management is an important
approach that ensures the appropriate and sustainable use of the ecosystem and environment.
Conclusion-The problem of Corona pandemic that started from China, spread throughout the
world and raised various questions about the ethics of humans actions towards nature and
environment. This paper concludes that different industries, sectors and institutions that work
within the wider society have their own ethical responsibilities towards the broader ecosystem.
Therefore, the ethical actions that are currently being taken by different organisations around
the world could be a significant example for future approaches of ethical ecosystem
management.

In the world, the third big coronavirus (CoV) outbreak originated in late 2019 and is called COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei, China 1. The epidemic first spread to nearby Asian countries and then across the world after an initial explosive outbreak of pneumonia of uncertain aetiology in China. The bilateral lung glassy opacity of patients with COVID-19 was found to have a constellation of symptoms such as flu, dry cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and nasal inflammation and radiological findings. vitamin D is subject to a range of ways, including physical barriers, cellular natural immunity and adaptive immunity, to lower risk of microbial infection and death. The supplementation with vitamin D has shown beneficial effects in viral influenza, including HIV infections. During Covid 19, the effects of vitamin D supplementation remain controversial. In order to help identify cut offs for vitamin D and, last but not least, which dose is the strongest, clinical trials are needed.

Background: WHO has designated Covid-19 as a pandemic, this has an effect on mental health when people are stuck at home and it is unknown when the social distancing rule ends. This affects the quality of student learning faced with stressors in dealing with lecture material and exposure to Covid-19 information from social media. This study aims to predict the effect of social media exposure on depression and anxiety disorders in health students in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methode: This research is a cross sectional study with a sample of students majoring in health in Indonesia in May 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire through an online survey. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression with Stata 13.
Result: Results from the study found that there was a significant effect of social media exposure on depression (OR=1.64; CI 95%=1.05 hingga 2.57; p=0.031) and anxiety disorders (OR=1.64; CI 95%=1.18 to 3.40; p=0.008) in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Exposure to social media during this pandemic can increase the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in college students. So, it is expected that students also need to know the steps to protect themselves from excessive stress and panic in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak.

The epidemic of Covid-19 has created a disastrous situation around the globe. The spread of Covid-19 is drastically increasing day by day. Machine learning is one of the efficient tools to track the outbreak of the disease, forecast the probable confirmed and death cases as well as the fatality rate. This study applies multiple regression analysis which is one of the supervised machine learning algorithms to analyze and forecast the fatality rate. The study was conducted to predict the spread of Covid-19 in areas of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and India. R-Square (R2), Mean square error (MSE), Root mean square error (RSME) and Mean absolute error (MAE) are the main measures used to predict the accuracy of the algorithm. The results reveal that the case fatality rate is higher in Telangana compared to Andhra Pradesh and India, and more diseased cases are observed in Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted with the available data; if sufficient data is available then the more precise predictions could be possible using multiple regression analysis.

Respiratory diseases got prevalent during the current pandemic (COVID 19). The current article is a systamatic review of the literature written by the scholars on respiratory failure during the CODIV-19. Articles have been downloaded from the Scopus and WoS database for the evaluation purpose. PRISMA guidelines have been used for the purpose of selection of articles. Graphical and tabular representation have been used to show the output.

In the scenery for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the early data has indicated a decline in presentation and an improvement in pre-hospital latency for acute patients with stroke or AMI,3,4 the condition in Michigan, but it is not clear how acute stroke and AMI (COVID-18) should be administered and how these are treated. In reported cases and deaths, COVID-19 has had a disproportionate effect on Black Americans. Blacks make up about 14 percent of the population in Michigan but 19 percent of cases of COVID–19 and 36% of the deaths by October 22, 2020.5 The rise in the incidence of pre-hospital delay among Black Americans which further worsen established racial disorders6 compared with their white counterparts. We wanted to use a quick appraisal methodology in order to advise existing and prospective public health camps, both locally and globally, because of the pressing repercussions for clinical and public health.

Background: since its founded, sars-cov-2 (covid-19) has spread throughout the world including indonesia and west papua. When who calls for an international health emergency, efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 must be based on personal activities supported by internal and external factors.
Objective: to determine the influence of knowledge, attitudes, family support and lifestyle factors related to mental health on covid-19 prevention behavior
Methods: this study was cross-sectional in design. The subjects consisted of a consecutive sampling of 159 respondents from all people in west papua who got research information, were able to use smartphones and the internet. The questionnaire was created using google form and distributed using the social media application whatsapp, instagram and facebook during april - may 2020. Logistic regression were used for data analysis.
Results: simultaneous family support, life style related mental health, level of knowledge, and attitudes did not affect the prevent covid-19 practice (f count 2.307). Sequentially, only attitudes (p-value = 0.038) which contributed to prevent covid-19 practice.
Conclusion: we suggest that if you want to reduce the incidence of covid-19 quickly, you need confirmation. Everyone in indonesia must become a social control to build positive narratives and change behavior because the behavior of new adaptation health protocols such as wearing masks, washing hands and maintaining distance, diligently exercising and consuming vitamins are healthy living behaviors.

In the present situation COVID-19 is the critical problem facing in all over the world. Therefore for detecting and diagnosing this virus effectively, quickly and with a low cost on a lot of tests, several countries are facing the problem of lacking the medical resources. In general, COVID-19 causing the pulmonary opalescence in frosted glass and bilateral pulmonary parenchyma, sometimes with a rounded morphology and peripheral pulmonary distribution. Therefore, main aim of this paper is rapidly extracting the small regions from the chest which can characterize the features of COVID-19 through the X-Ray images. For diagnosing these X-ray images to detect the virus the segmentation method of marine predator’s algorithm is mostly used. Hence to get a best solution within a few iterations, a strategy of Ranking based Diversity Reduction (RDR) is proposed in this paper which improves the performance of the marine predators algorithm. Moreover, to this ongoing outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19), it is important to provide valuable situational information for the public and authorities to know in which manner it is being spreading over society. Hence, to it is required to provide appropriate information. So, the appropriate information publishing strategy of Weibo data is used to classify information related to the COVID-19 epidemic into seven types of situational information are proposed in this paper.

The pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of people especially health care workers
like physicians, nurses and paramedical staff who have to work for long hours, in shifts and
under immense stressful situations. There is ample literature available on the effect of stress
on psychological wellbeing. The aim of this research paper is to find out the mediation effect
of subjective happiness on the relationship between perceived stress and psychological wellbeing
of health care workers who are engaged in COVID-19 hospital duties. The sample
included 231 physicians and healthcare workers engaged in duties in two major COVID-19
medical college hospitals of Northern India. The results prove that there is a significant effect
of perceived stress on psychological well- being with subjective happiness playing a
mediating role. Perceived stress decreases subjective happiness which in turn affects
psychological wellbeing of physicians and health care workers during COVID-19. Higher
the level of subjective happiness, lesser will be the impact or there will be delayed impact of
perceived stress on psychological wellbeing. Psychological Well Being (PWB) Scale (Ryff,
1989), Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and Perceived Stress
Scale (Cohen, 1994) were used to examine the mediation of subjective happiness on the
relationship between perceived stress and psychological wellbeing.

This paper deals with seven mathematical models within the current COVID-19
pandemic situations. We developed a number of mathematical models which are
compartment solutions of nonlinear differential equations. These models are useful for
research scholars, faculty members and academicians in the area of mathematical biology.
Also, we study these models and parameter estimation from real-world problem (data of
COVID-19 in World Health Organization (WHO)). The researchers discussed to analyze
the possible solutions of each model in the general discussion section. The researchers
recommended that at the end of the year 2020, there will be a reduction on the spread and
an increased recovery rate of COVID-19. These situations are fully changed and return to
the normal life very soon. In this paper to the researchers discuss the simple SIR model
compared to real-life data for COVID-19 pandemic in Tamilnadu by district wise. This
model helps to predict the future calculations of Susceptible, Infections, and Removed
people from the total population and reproduction number R0 . The researchers conclude
that the infection rate is increased for the next two months (September and October, 2020),
and death rate percentage is also possible to decrease from the number of total
populations. Also the researchers recommend the continuous lockdown for these two
months and for all people to follow the instruction given by the Tamilnadu Government.

This paper aims to shed light on the conceptual framework of the emergence of Mindfulness Acceptance Commitment (MAC) training module for psychological enhancement during COVID-19 pandemic. This module known as MAC-COVID-19 is intended for providing knowledge of MAC to community in order to deal with stress symptoms caused by COVID-19 pandemic; provide systematic guidelines using MAC skills training; help community to maintain healthy mindset in response to the COVID-19 pandemic risk factors; and help community to achieve resiliency. The training contained in this module is based on self-help intervention. It is in line with the social distancing practiced by the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is hoped that this training module will benefit the community, helping them to deal with the psychological distress caused by the pandemic.

The preparation for disasters such as pandemic is essential across the academic institutions. Evidence has shown that greater readiness for disasters saved lives, however, with not enough preparation costs lives. The pandemic influenza causing serious emotional and psychological distress can take place at any time often without notification. Hence, collecting data on the most effective measures for each type of critical incident will give crisis responders the opportunity to intervene efficiently when reacting to the outbreak. This study was examine the preparation level among early childhood education centres in facing the COVID-19 in terms of planning and organization, students learning and program operations, infection control policies and actions, and communication planning. The online questionnaire was given to the owners and principals of children centres and a total of 44 completed the survey during the movement restriction order on March and April 2020. The results shown there were no significant result of preparedness among the types of early childhood centres followed with the years of operation, and the top positions preparation. Therefore, results were referred to means score and found among the centres, both get higher with (M:55.23), the centre which operate less than 5 years shows high means of preparedness (M=52.23) and owner seems more prepared with mean score (M=53.25). In other word, this pandemic is their first time experienced, thus results show not significant. However this will be their new experience to be well-prepared in all aspects such planning, student, infection policy and also communication so that they can manage well if a pandemic happen again.

In late 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) evolved in Wuhan city of China, which rapidly surfaced across the globe conducing to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection may progress from mild to severe and critically state, however a plethora of cases are either asymptomatic or mild. An excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines delineates the severity of the disease and the condition is called as the cytokine storm. The multiplication of the virus and depletion of T cells up-regulates the macrophages and monocytes to generate the cytokine storm. Tremendous efforts are being made to unearth an effective and efficient therapeutic strategy to contain the pandemic. These attempts are focused on discovering a vaccine, virus elimination, interrupting the virus-host interaction or host modulations and many of them have demonstrated good clinical prognosis. The delivery approach of a potential drug is also pivotal into the bargain. Drug administration off target will not only deteriorate the ability but also delay the mechanism of action of that molecule. Synthetic nanosilicates (Laponite XLG) nanoparticles possesses a dichotic charge that makes them a classic drug carrier for targeted and sustained drug release. However, drug delivery into the lungs using only nanosilicates may be ineffective, as these particles will be cleared off from the pulmonary passage due their Nano size. Therefore, a mucoadhesive polymer like chitosan may serve as a secondary carrier to the drug loaded nanosilicates and can deliver the molecules at the targeted biological site. This nano-in-micro drug delivery system may tailor the therapeutic modality of SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish good clinical outcomes

Background:A mysterious pneumonia case was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) later named this pneumonia Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The massive spread of Covid-19 increases the risk of co-infection with other pre-existing pathogens including malaria
Case Report: A 32 years old woman was admitted to the hospital due to complaints of jaundice, fever, dyspneu and andominal pain. On further examination of the malaria smear, plasmodium falciparum was found in the form of trophozoites and gametocytes, the parasite count was 119,902 U/L and a nasopharyngeal PCR swab was positive for SARS CoV-2. The patient conditionimprove after administering artesunate and oseltamivir.
Discussion: Several clinical manifestations are overlapping between Covid-19 and malaria, especially extrapulmonary manifestations of Covid-19 infection, including thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminase enzymes, increased bilirubin, and impaired kidney function. Management was carried out to deal with malaria and Covid-19 simultaneously and continuously.

First declared as a coronavirus disease by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020 (COVID-19), the number of Positive and death cases continues to rise even seven months after that. Seven months later. This global pandemic has had a huge effect on the world's health, social and economic facets. Therefore, it is necessary to recognise the risk factors that lead to the production of serious infections for risk stratification, to improve the re-allocation of hospital resources and to direct guidelines and strategies on public health. A variety of co-morbidity consequences such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, anaemia, coronary, thyroid disease, and pulmonary disease have been shown to be correlated with serious COVID-19 findings 1. Persons with dementia are the most fragile in normal times as they rely on others for their daily life. In a recent review, dementia has been found to increase the risk of morbidity and death, including incidence of respiratory illness, of hospitalising patients. Unfortunately, until now, no research has shown specifically how dementia is linked to COVID-19. This paper seeks to investigate the theoretically related implications of COVID-19 infection with dementia.

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) that was declared as Pandemic by WHO, does not only affect the medical and health aspect of people but it put a deep effect on the politics either it may be national of international. The breakout of Corona virus has exposed the various abilities and inabilities of Governments to handle with it. It exposed the social relations of people, medical infrastructure and facilities to handle with it, stability of economy, and even the political handouts played by politicians to remain in the power or to get the power. The studies show that most of the political leaders emerged either from the world wars or any pandemic. A US-based survey showed that there is great increase in the popularity of NarendraModi after the breakout of Corona. Net approval rating of NarendraModi reaches 68 points up that was 62 at the beginning of the year 2020. As just before the breakout of Corona virus in India PM NarendraModi was facing serious challenges like Anti government Protest (due to CAB and NPR), Hindu-Muslim Riots exploded in New Delhi, Economy was slumping and shedding millions of jobs etc.So with all these challenges many of these problems (especially economical) have gotten worse in India. But still according to the recent opinion polls Modi’s High approval rate have soared even higher, touching 80 to 90 percent. Oftenly two most populist leaders US President Trump and Russian President Vladimir V. Putin are compared but according to the opinion poll NarendraModi seems to be thriving in this crisis.

Digital education as an emerging concept focuses on digital technology driven operations and management of educational systems, institutions and teaching learning methodologies utilising software packages and codes, hardware infrastructure systems, algorithms and data portals facilitating active interaction and communication between students, educators, policy makers and inter-institutional collaborations. In 21st century age of Information and Technology, educational tools, methodologies and the concept of education itself got rapidly transformed through opportunities provided by digitisation with emphasis on distance learning, flexible timelines, open access to education resources, online teaching modules, real-time assessment, integrated information systems for collaborative research between institutions world over, and proactive policy for approaches for real-timemonitoring, performance review and management of educational institutions. However, this rapid shift towards digital education has posed challenges of data security, personal privacy, cyber bullying, blackmailing and profanity despite presence of robust cyber security mechanisms and stringent cyber laws. The paper explores competitive edge of Digital education, efficacy of its various opportunities, threats of security issues, and need for proactive policy approach for rejuvenation of Digital education in Jammu and Kashmirmore so in view of recent Covid-19 lockdown which led to closing of educational institutions world over thereby mandating exploration of new means of learning.

Background: WHO has designated Covid-19 as a pandemic, this has an effect on mental health when people are stuck at home and it is unknown when the social distancing rule ends. This affects the quality of student learning faced with stressors in dealing with lecture material and exposure to Covid-19 information from social media. This study aims to predict the effect of social media exposure on depression and anxiety disorders in health students in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methode: This research is a cross sectional study with a sample of students majoring in health in Indonesia in May 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire through an online survey. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression with Stata 13. Result: Results from the study found that there was a significant effect of social media exposure on depression (OR=1.64; CI 95%=1.05 hingga 2.57; p=0.031) and anxiety disorders (OR=1.64; CI 95%=1.18 to 3.40; p=0.008) in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Exposure to social media during this pandemic can increase the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in college students. So, it is expected that students also need to know the steps to protect themselves from excessive stress and panic in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak.

In 2020, millions of cases of COVID-19 have been detected all over the world. Different infectious diseases are very frightening as of they can lead to death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 was a virus that a sick person couldn't fight and infect the healthy ones in a short amount of time. WHO has established recommendations, such as isolation, avoiding close contact, caring for oneself and others, keeping updated about the symptoms and risk, recommending appropriate actions, to contain the infection1. The current study is evaluation of the literature done on the depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Scopus database have been used for the selection of the articles. Total 1612 articles have been evaluated for the systamatic review

Novel 2-(3-(4-substitutedaryl)guanidine-1-yl)-4-phenyl-6-(thiophene-2-yl)pyrimidines (7) were synthesized by simple condensation between chalcones with therapeutic biguanide derivatives. The novel guanidinopyrimidine derivatives (7) were characterized by different spectral studies. Furthermore, subjected into ADMET prediction using pkSCM software and molecular docking studies against different kinds novel RNA proteins such as, spike (PDB ID: 6XC3), main protease (3CLpro - PDB ID: 6LU7), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp – PDB ID: 6W9Q) and host protein ACE2 (PDB ID:1R42) spike protein and also the activities are compared with FDA approved few human trial drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HQC), favipiravir and lopinavir.

Pandemic Covid-19 influence many aspects of life and the effort to handle is paramount. The handling requires political support since it will use massive amount of resources. The study is using grounded theory and data collection is made through in-depth interview and triangulation made by conducting meeting and webinar. The participants of the interview were nine people, the participants of the meeting were 15 people, and the webinar were participated by 74 people. Participants age range from 23-50 years old and having different backgrounds such as volunteers, professionals, company’s employees. The study found that there are five key factors, namely pandemic hit the people differently (theme a), crisis in political communication (theme b), tension between health versus economic approach (theme c), lack of data and weak institution (theme d), and development of volunteerism (theme e). The features have linkages and influences creating complexity of the issue in which theme d affect theme a, theme b, and theme e; theme a have influence on theme c and theme e; theme c give effects on theme b and theme e; theme b influence theme e. The theme that have more influence to other theme is theme d and the theme influenced by all other theme is theme e. The recommendation of the study is to use biopolitics and political valued resources to deal with lack of data and weak institution, and integrating volunteerism in dealing with Covid-19.

Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by novel Corona virus; it has infected millions of people and caused mortality of more than half million people around globe.
Objective: The study aimed to assess risk factors of infection with COVID-19 among health care workers (HCW) from different aspects.
Methods: A cross sectional study was applied based upon a WHO assessment protocol to explore the real facts and situation leading to Health Care Workers infections.
Results: The current study has shown that health care workers were often affected by the disease exploring that males and young age employees had predominantly higher percentage of infection.
Regarding the occupation, it was clear that doctors were the most often symptomatic (45%) of the total studied samples; 46% contracted the infection through contact with patients at work. Finally the study illustrated that only 46% tried their best to protect themselves from infection and 4 out of 44 cases denied the existence of the pandemic.
Conclusion: It was concluded that males were predominantly infected, patients with longer exposure had higher rate of infection and those properly using PPE had less chance to acquire the disease.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes the COVID-19 disease, is mainly transmitted through contact with infected persons according to WHO. Breathing, as well as coughing and sneezing releases tiny infectious droplets into the air which potentially contaminate surrounding surfaces and of course the air in the immediate surrounding. These droplets, so called aerosols, can be of varying sizes, from 1 to over 10 μm (micron or micrometre, 1 micron equates to 0.001 mm). It is assumed by experts that viruses do not fly occasionally in the air but are always enclosed in droplets or attached to other particulate matter. This raises the question in which way ventilation and air-conditioning systems play a role in the transmission or containment of epidemic diseases like COVID-19. Maintaining a healthy indoor air quality thus becomes a general, basic – yet extremely important – necessity. While this is true at all times, it’s imperative in times of a wider health crisis to avoid not only the direct spread of a virus, but to support peoples immune systems to withstand more serious impacts by an aggressive disease and thus reducing pressure on a healthcare system fighting against overload.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the extent to which Indonesia's ability to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia The Corona virus outbreak or commonly known as Covid-19 is getting more and more violent. The virus thought to have originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan has claimed many lives. Not only in the bamboo curtain country, countries on the continent of Europe, Asia, America and Africa are also affected by this virus, including Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) has designated COVID-19 as a pandemic. This pandemic has spread in 212 countries. Quoting from Worldometers, there were 3,911,454 people in the world infected with the corona virus, the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus reached 270,339 people. While those who recovered were recorded as many as 1,340,231 as of Friday. The Covid 19 pandemic has also weakened global economic growth, due to economic downturns. People in countries that have implemented lockdowns or social distancing have paralyzed the country's economy, many industries have closed and even laid off their employees. The impact is that the decreasing income of the lower middle class, especially workers and daily businesses, which are large in number, will quickly trigger a social contraction. Before the Corona outbreak alone, Indonesia had a potential crisis, due to Indonesia's dependence on imported goods to meet domestic consumption. This research is qualitative in nature by looking at the facts and existing data both from direct observation and from various electronic media. In the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic, the Indonesian government established a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy with a social - physical distincting approach. , not by lockdown. This policy was taken by the government with economic considerations and the state's ability to worry about being unable to provide for the basic needs of the community during the Karatina region as mandated by Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning health quarantine. Meanwhile, the PSBB policy is considered not optimal in handling this pandemic outbreak because it is considered unable to cut the spread of the Covid 19 virus.

from this article we see that why COVID-19 causes thrombosis, A thrombus is a mixture of platelets, erythrocytes and fibrin protein, which begin to accumulate on the wall of the damaged vessel. gradually it thickens and hardens, but in general it resembles a viscous substance, similar to jelly,it can be unambiguously stated that with this virus, from the very beginning, there is an activation of hemostasis, intravascular blood coagulation and thrombus formation in small-caliber vessels of vital organs. In this case, not only the lungs are damaged, but the blockade of microcirculation and its irreversible nature determine the outcome of the disease.

The way the health authorities convey information on the hazards, care, opportunities to take vaccines or the need for preventive measures to people in a pandemic can contribute to anxiety levels that decide if the current pandemic is effective or not. The current study is a systematic review analysis of the articles published on Metal stress during the COVID-19. The articles have been downloaded from the Scopus and WoS. PRISMA guideline have been used for the purpose of article selection.

Education is an ongoing process and an activity which we do not have the privilege of delaying or stopping. It has to go on despite any difficulty, obstacle or even crisis like COVID-19 that the whole world is experiencing at present. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the situation and assess the proposed scenarios for the next phase. Based on questionnaires targeting students and academicians at Turkish universities, and a previous study the authors published recently, the study discusses the present status, and explores the future proposed academic plans at Turkish universities. The results showed that both students (77.5%), and instructors (81.8%) fear the infection by COVID-19 which might affect their choice of the proposed educational program (72.2% and 86.6% respectively). The results also showed that students (52.4%) and instructors (62.5%) prefer to continue teaching social subjects using distance learning program while they prefer blended (36.4% and 56.3% respectively) slightly more than face to face for science subjects particularly the practical courses. The authors assume that the blended program is a way out where it offers a reasonable solution for university education especially at science departments.

Covid -19 has mild symptoms which is like Common Cold and severe symptoms that same as like SARS and MERS. Common Cold itself has the main symptoms of fever, cough, myalgia, headache, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Because of this, many people are mistaken about the symptoms caused by Covid-19 and Common Cold. The aim of this research is to find out the different symptoms of Covid-19 and Common Cold. This study uses a method with literature review. Sources from the research were obtained by searching for national and international journals. Generally journals are indexed on Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, e-books, and others. Literature collected in accordance with the theme to be raised. This study shows the symptoms of Covid-19 and Common Cold have similarities, because both are diseases that attack the upper respiratory system. But Covid-19 symptoms themselves are moderate to severe and can be accompanied by shortness of breath, so it can causes ARDS (Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome) which can lead to death. The laboratory test is a way to make a diagnosis to make sure the symptoms are caused by Covid-19 which is tested by reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) which results are positive on Covid-19. As for the Common Cold laboratory tests themselves are not required. The symptoms of Covid-19 and Common Cold have a similarity, because both are diseases that attack the upper respiratory system. Covid-19 can be enforced by laboratory testing while the Common Cold is not needed.

Although a viral infection begins in COVID-19, some patients have overly exuberant inflammation, leading to acute pulmonary injury and a condition of adult respiratory distress (ARDS). As IL-6 is a key role in the inflammatory response, in this single centre observatory study in all Covid-19 patients with a proven SARS-CoV-2 fast-pacing infection in order to escape ALI and ARDS we have assessed the effectiveness and protection of tocilizumab (TCZ). In this single centre The rate of mortality in 104 patients treated for COVID-19 was lower (5 · 8%). The percentage of patients treated with COVID-19 was 11% lower than in untreated patients who had our level of treatment alone and a marginally lower rate of mortality (6 percent ). The acute phase reagents, Ferritin, and liver protein releases were quickly diminished by TCZ. Slowly, D-Dimer declined. Relevant safety issues were not found. An early prescribing of IL6-R antagonists can be safe and successful for avoidance, ICU admission and more complications in COVID-19 patients with imminent hyperinflammatory reaction1.

Widely recognized as leading instrument of change, role of education in promoting economic and social development of society in post COVID-19 scenario can’t be overemphasized. Education is one of the very basic necessities required to successfully vitalize economic and social strata of any country. On economic front, paper compares different level of education and their respective roles in promotingeconomic development and income prosperity in Post COVID-19 scenario. All three levels i.e. primary, secondary and higher levels of education are investigated for their current status and pressing need for improvement in identified weak areas has also been elaborated. Education effect on social front, on other hand, is dealt with emphasis on cultural and psychological dimensions that have significantly changed due to COVID-19. The study develops holistic perspective that suggest framework for integration of education at very basic level in order to reap its rich dividends on both economic and social fronts.

The therapy of COVID-19 has attracted great interest in Chloroquine. The latest focus on these chloroquine applications has contributed to a survey on the effect and possibility of hormonobiphase dose reaction on extremely biologically different models. The examination showed that chloroquin usually induced hormetal effects that impacted many types of cells, including tumour cell lines (e.g. human breasts, colons, colones) and non-tumor cell lines, improved viral reproduction, motility of semen, varied behavioural endpoints, and decreased the risk of convulsions. These diverse and nuanced findings indicate that hormetic dose reactions with different biological models and endpoints are common in chloroquine treatments. These findings impact the nature of the study, including dosage number and distance, and suggest a variety of clinical challenges and opportunities focused on the expected outcome.

Covid-19 i.e Corona Virus is well aware to the world every corner. It is pandemic, epidemic. People are panic. Educational Institutes like schools, colleges , roads, businesses, transport, companies almost all closed except necessary things like Medical shops, Vegetables. Changing lock down and sealdown rules by central and state Governments according to the situation in their areas, geographical restrictions, movement restrictions done based on the spread of COVID-19 in that area. Government is order to stay at home safely. This paper tries to assess the level of awareness on COVID-19, its spread, precautions taken by people, social distance and few inputs; by that it is possible to understand the ground realities of people for taking action and making policies and strategies for removal of COVID-19.

Outbreaks have arisen in civilization such as extreme acute coronvirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Eastern Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, Ebola virus in 2014, and today SARS-CoV-2. Although health care professionals are searching for a vaccine to mitigate the disease outbreak, environmental engineers need to consider the effect of the virus organisation in sewages, provided that viruses are documented for multiple days to survive in human faeces and wastewater conditions. Here, on the basis of a study of recent research on SARS-CoV-2 as well as past pandemic incidents, the debate will be conducted on questions about the on-courage virus in faeces and sewages of humans1,2. In order to deter unprecedented coronaviral spread 2019 (COVID-19) especially in developed countries, faeces and sewage-derived routes of transmission may be of significant significance as a result of the recorded environmental stability of coronaviruses. However, there have, up to now, been small numbers of experiments that have been identified with the SARS-CoV-2, also in human faeces. In prospective experiments, for example, an improvement in the number of samples, a study of the usefulness of procedures for viral viability analysis, a review of the medical records of patients and so forth are warranted and are still still in the probability of this dissemination.

E-learning has been adopted as a way of use of information technology in education institutions and becoming an integral part of the learning process. With e-learning, anyone can access information without being restricted to knowledge of distance, time, and space. India has a population of 34 crore studentsand with most of the institutions of higher education dependent on the conventional ‘Gurushishya Parampara’ of the physical classroom learning process. The COVID-19 pandemic has been badly disrupted the education system in India. To eradicate this serious issue of educational disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the only way to establish a consistent structure for the next course of action is to transition to e-learning, where both teachers and students need to turn to a digital platform.Whereas parents need to do so performing the position of administrator cum facilitator in such a way that minimal disturbance is caused to the education. The specific objective of this paper is to assess the role of E-Learning in India during COVID-19 and what are initiatives, challenges, and opportunities with reasonable solutions.

Estimates have suggested that up to 12% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have required invasive mechanical ventilation, with the majority developing acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Corticosteroids are the most potent anti-inflammatory drugs. The therapeutic mechanism of corticosteroids might base on attenuating the action of many cytokines that participated in the inflammatory reaction associating severe CAP However, the clinical and efficacy of dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients are currently unclear, so research is needed to know the effectiveness of dexamethasone therapy in patients with COVID-19. This research uses a structured analysis focused on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA) in order to classify all existing literature with appropriate keywords. The database using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta Analyses) for instruments and used flowcharts based on the 2009 PRISMA checklist and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found that dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase in the number of ventilator-free days (days alive and free of mechanical ventilation) over 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe ARDS.

Background: During an unpredictable situation (uncertain environment), high purchase intentions for better and quality services results providers need an extraordinary level of expertise in the healthcare market. Purpose: To determine the effect of customer-based brand equity on purchase intention. Method: observational study with cross-sectional design. The population was all elderly in the East Lombok Regency, samples that fulfilled the criteria; not experience chronic diseases such as stroke, cataracts, chronic kidney disease (CKD), severe diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. Measurement of independence used the ADL Bartle Index instrument. The cognitive level used the MMSE instrument and respondents were willing to fill in the questionnaire. Results: the characteristics of respondents and customer-based brand equity on purchase intention used the chi-square test and fisher's exact test. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals of customer-based brand equity, namely brand awareness 1,243 (1,000 to 1,546), brand association 1,245 (1,014 to 1,527), perceived quality 1,229 (1,014 to 1,488), and brand loyalty 1,240 (1,039 to 1,479), the test results showed a significant relationship and had a prevalence ratio (PR)> 1 to the purchase intentionof outpatient health centers. Conclusion: the majority of respondents who have an elderly purchase intention for outpatient services at the public health center

COVID-19, the global pandemic affecting economic developments has been regarded as severe pulmonary dysfunction disease. The disease has caused significant mortalities all around the world. The reports suggest that major reason for patients’ death are multiple organ failure, sudden cardiac arrest, severe respiratory dysfunction and body shock. These clinical conditions are majorly linked with COVID-19 comorbidities which are severely affecting disease severity. The present study describes pathophysiological findings associated with multiorgan effect of COVID-19. The study describes possible transmission route of the virus, responsible for gastro intestinal problems. The review of pathophysiological findings in COVID-19 provides a perspective to focus our therapeutic research strategies towards controlling the effect of pathogenic virus on indirectly targeted body organs. The present study will help in controlling disease morbidities as well as preventing long term effects of COVID-19.

The aftermath of COVID-19 can be observed worldwide, and all sectors are equally suffering from this. The education sector across the world is also suffering hampering the process of education. The total lockdown enforced in 42 countries, badly affected the life of the students. Around 1.277 billion students around the world are being affected due to the halt in the education process. As it is said that Change is inevitable, but growth is optional, the outbreak of COVID-19 has taught that. This scenario has proven itself to be a boost to explore the unexplored and pushed every educational institution to equip itself with ICT (Information and Communication Technology). This review highlights how the world is matching steps and finding a solution to every drawback. This review contains the level of dissemination of online education, the steps were taken by Indian and world government to fight this, how effective it has proven so far, and some challenges that have yet to be overcome.

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease began in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in China, also recognized as China's largest transport centre. The condition became epidemic during China's spring festival. The virus is quickly transported into several nations, including countries with low wages So far, 234073 have registered COVID-19 cases in the world with a total of 9840 fatalities. Cough, high fever, a sore throat, tiredness and respiratory trauma are the typical signs of COVID-19. The condition was shown to be moderate in most cases, others with pneumonia with multi-organ failure and acute ARDS. The Incubation Time for the infection has been observed to be 2-14 days, typically 4 days in maximum cases. India remains in stage 2 on local transmission in line with WHO Record 60. The WHO announced 60 that no population transmission has yet occurred in India that can be avoided by preventing mass meetings and proper citizens screens. Govt. Govt. There have been several initiatives by India to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in the region. The COVID-19 infection incidence in India appears to be poor in comparison to the country's population. This is attributable to swift government measures to quarantine and close down the boundaries of the accused population. The global economy is in great slowdown due to COVID-19 assault and would potentially cost roughly $1 trillion. This is attributable to swift government measures to quarantine and close down the boundaries of the accused population. By reducing H-H transmissions, the spread of COVID-19 infections may be minimized. Anti-CoV drug discovery is also required, and will replace the supporting therapies for infection control.

Coronavirus (Covid-19) upsurge is the current outbreak (SARS-COV-2) which has spread to many other countries from the sea markets of Hubei Province,Wuhan, China. Following the initial outbreak, there was a major and exponential spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and America. The rate of detection of new cases and mortality rate in Europe and America surpassed even the actual cases of China and even went many fold than the chinese cases. This study aims at bringing the public perception towards this phenomenon. An online survey was conducted with a self-structured questionnaire comprising 15 questions that were distributed through the google forms. The sample size of this study was 100. The results were analysed by performing percentage distribution and chi square analysis using the statistical software “SPSS version 20”. The data was analysed and the output represented as pie charts and bar charts. People of different age groups largely had a good idea about the reasons for the exponential spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and America. This study analysed the statistics on the knowledge among the public about reasons for exponential spread of covert 19 pandemic in Europe and America and a majority of population were of the opinion that prompt government action and policies can save lives. COVID-19 is a pandemic which is spreading rapidly all over the world in a very short period of time. In general, the public perception is that for preventing the instantaneous transmission of the virus, preventive measures by government policies and maintaining good health conditions among the people are critical to get a favourable outcome.

Schools and colleges are closed to practice social distancing to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease. Although online classes are being conducted, some teachers have reported that they do not find the online classes as effective as the real classroom. In online classes, there is reduced student interaction, lack of realistic experience and absence of community feeling. The lockdown is generally considered to have more negative psychological effects due to financial loss, inadequate supplies and fear of life. A cross sectional survey was conducted among students to study the psychosocial impact of lockdown among students.The study population in the study are the students with a sample size of 200. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions divided into three parts and was shared to students using online survey platform. 17.5% of the students felt that they could communicate to friends the same way as that of regular class, 53.5% did not and 29% partially felt so. 57% of the students felt anxious that their studies are affected during this lockdown, 21.5% did not feel anxious and 21.5% partially felt anxious. Most of the students are showing some symptoms of depression due to the closed schools and colleges and social distancing as a result of lockdown. Hence teachers have to handle them differently after the lockdown ends

Objective: Coronavirus is a retrovirus first found in Wuhan, China. The airborne spread of the coronavirus has created a pandemic all across the globe and various had implemented social distancing and quarantine periods to limit the spread. Doctors nurses and other social helpers who deliver services to the sick and ailing people either directly or indirectly fall under the category of healthcare workers. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to coronavirus disease. Medical workers are unwillingly quarantined in the hospitals where they do not have another choice and conventional protection such as masks and gloves are not completely effective. This pandemic had a major impact as there was decline in the financial and social conditions. The aim of the analysis was to assess the attitude of family members of healthcare workers during COVID-19.
Materials and method: The present study population consisted of family members of healthcare workers in the South Indian population through an online Setting. The study design was a questionnaire based cross sectional study, conducted in 2020 and approval was obtained from the scientific review board. Self administered questionnaire was prepared pertaining to the topic and circulated through an online google forms link.
Statistical analysis: The results obtained from the survey were analysed using SPSS version 22. The statistical analysis was descriptive statistics to summarise the demographic data and chi square analysis to summarise the survey data.
Result: The survey found that the majority had healthcare workers as their family members and they had a positive attitude towards their work and felt proud. The family members were sometimes forced to follow hygiene measures and were regularly tested for 
the presence of coronavirus. At the same time the healthcare workers were also under physical and mental stress which in turn affected their family members.
Conclusion: Family members' attitudes have an influence on healthcare workers who work everyday in this pandemic situation. Awareness in relation to maintenance of hygiene among family members healthcare workers needed to be enhanced

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has become a growing public health challenge for countries across the world. The risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners due to the characteristics of the dental setting. Dentists should constantly be aware of such infectious threats that challenge the routine infection control regimen. The aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic among dental undergraduate students. An online questionnaire that consisted of a series of questions regarding dentists’ demoFigureic details; their knowledge about the incubation period, the symptoms, mode of transmission and infection control measures for prevention of COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19 was used. The study was conducted among undergraduate students of a private dental institute. Data was collected from filled questionnaires and analysed using SPSS software. A total of 209 undergraduate dental students participated in the online survey. A majority of students (96.7%) believe that transmission of COVID-19 can be prevented by using standard and isolation precautions given by CDC, WHO, ICMR and 73.2% were aware of the guidelines to be followed during the COVID-19 lockdown. 92.3% had not undergone any online training for management of patients during COVID-19. Study participants (62.7%) also expressed a positive attitude towards willingness to perform emergency dental procedures. Almost half the study population refused to perform their clinical rotation in a hospital without clear COVID-19 infection control isolation policy. Majority of the participants had sufficient knowledge regarding transmission and risk of spread of COVID-19 in dental settings. Students also demonstrated a positive attitude toward performing dental treatment provided adequate guidelines were followed in the hospital.

COVID -19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus. As there is no vaccine discovered, the only way to prevent the spread is through following the practice of social isolation.
Objectives:Prolonged isolation may also lead to psychological stress and problems. Hence the scenario is to measure the level of awareness among the people about psychiatric problems created due to prolonged social isolation.The aim of the survey is to measure the level of awareness among the participants on the psychological stress created due to social isolation through the imposed lockdown.
Materials And Methods: A questionnaire was prepared and administered to a hundred participants through google form an online platform. The study participants included people belonging to the general population of Tamilnadu. The answers obtained from the participants are recorded and analysed and the answers given by each participant to each question were represented in the form of flow charts.
Results: Around 70% of people said that social isolation affects mental health and 72% of people said that social isolation creates stress. 60% of people were aware that prolonged social isolation can create psychiatric problems.
Conclusion: The level of awareness among the participants is moderate and hence a complete awareness on social isolation and its consequences must be created among the study population.

Dirumahaja or stay at home movement is thought the most effective policy to break the chain of Covid-19 transmission. People cannot do nearly allactivities, including formal education, together anymore . However, in fact, the ongoing onlinelearning has itw own advantages and disadvantages. This research aims to describe student’s experience with online learning. This study used online survey as data collection technique. Three hundred and fifteen students participated in filling the questionnaire.The result showed that 43.33% of students learnthrough LMS, 19.44% through video conferencing, and 37,22% through WhatsAppgroups and emails.As many as 39.21% of them felt uncomfortable, 37.25% normal, and 23.52% comfortable with it. Their discomfort is generally caused by tiring learning activities,i.e doing lots of tasks in spite of incomprehensive materials.

COVID 19 is a strain of coronavirus which is virulent and spreads easily among humans. It has become a pandemic and has caused a global emergency. Though the death rate is not that high it is still considered dangerous. It has caused a huge impact on the global economy. The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic impacts on various sectors of Indian economy. Several relevant articles were selected, analysed and computed inorder to gain accurate information of the economic losses we have faced. National lockdown has impacted not only the Indian economy but also the global economy very severely. Many sectors such as the travel and tourism industry, the live events industry, hotels and real estate have been shut down and have faced severe losses. The GDP has faced a slight declination. The data collection and study analysis was conducted in the year 2020 in Private Dental College, Chennai.

Covid-19 pandemic greatly affected the growth of creative economy of West Bandung. Many creative economy workers had to stay at home for a while since they had nothing to do, and many creative economy players eventually went bankrupt since they could not run their businesses during the pandemic. The condition encouraged FEKRAF KBB, as the official organization that accommodates all creative economy players of West Bandung, to give a hand in dealing with and getting through the crisis during the pandemic. This study sought to reveal what crisis communication management that was employed by FEKRAF KBB in dealing with Covid-19 pandemic and how it was applied. Qualitative method with case study approach were used for resolving research questions. Observation, interview, focus group discussion, and literature review were employed to collect data. This study’s informants were the committee of FEKRAF KBB, the West Bandung Tourism and Culture Office, the representatives of creative economy players, the media and other stakeholders. The results showed that FEKRAF KBB correctly applied all principles and stages of crisis communication and utilized various communication channels relevant to the conditions of the crisis they faced. Crisis preparedness, initial respond, corrective and reaction, and evaluation were the stages of crisis communication they employed, andthe media they used were limited to on-line and social media. In regard to its implementation, FEKRAF KBB applied nearly all principles of crisis communication as follows: creating a communication team, engaging media, collecting facts, disclosing information, being one sound, and employing many communication channels.

Numerous viral infections have arisen and affected global healthcare facilities. Millions of people were at severe risk of acquiring several evolving viral infections through several factors, Covid- 19 being one of the most popular ones requiring more efforts to control its spread. During the epidemic period of coronavirus diseases, appropriate oral health management and disease prevention of children is very important for children’s oral and general health. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-infection and epidemic spreading of Covid- 19 during dental practice, the recommendation to parents include making them hand hygiene at home and include proper oral care habits. Covid-19is a global human disaster presented with an emphasis on disturbing mental health aspects of the ongoing pandemic. According to the cross-sectional study, two weeks after the occurrence of Covid-19 in chin almost 40% of the affected youth were proven to have psychological problems, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of Covid-19. Person to person transmission of Covid-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments, Extensive measures to reduce person to person transmission of Covid- 19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak.

Among many controversial claims on COVID-19 pandemic , one such claim is that the SARS-CoV- 2 virus came from a lab, and is the result of an attempt to manufacture a vaccine against the AIDS virus. Another one was that the novel coronavirus may have been accidentally leaked by an intern working at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China. These led to the claims that COVID-19 is really a lab-made bioweapon. An online survey was conducted with a self structured questionnaire comprising 10 questions about the facts and claims of Covid-19 as a lab made bio weapon. The results were analysed statistically with statistical software “SPSS version 20” and the result was represented in the pie chart form. In the present study, awareness of the pandemic outbreak, and claims of Covid-19 as a lab made bio weapon were analysed among the responses of general population, 82.1% are of the perception that Covid-19 is a lab made bio weapon and among them 80.2% of participants think Covid-19 is Chinese bio weapon. The study concludes that most of the people are of the perception that Covid-19 is really a lab made bioweapon and the study concludes that claims of Covid-19 are a bio weapon that China has created holds ground among the popular perception.

Background: Pandemic Outbreak is an epidemic which is spread over multiple countries or continents. There were many pandemic outbreaks in the past centuries. Many pandemics have still not yet been identified and cure is also not identified. The present pandemic outbreak, COVID-19 started off at Wuhan, China in December 2019 and within a month it reached many countries across the world. However the preventive measures taken were somewhat similar to the previous pandemic.
Aim: The aim of the study is to review the pandemic outbreaks in the past century and in the present century.
Methodology: Articles were collected from the past 20 years (2000-2020). The Articles were collected from databases like scopus, google scholar and Pubmed and were reviewed based on the output variables. Results and conclusion: Many pandemic diseases were reviewed from the past centuries, some of these diseases caused many deaths and also have caused a huge decline in the country’s economy. Preventive measures were similar for all the diseases except for AIDS and Bubonic Plague

CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]. It has caused a lot of deaths worldwide and is growing uncontrollably. Many factors like public co-operation and handling of the government efficiently are responsible for control. AS new norms were formulated and observed, in this current COVID-19 pandemic, This study aims to find the perception of people on the takeaway message from this pandemic to any other upcoming similar scenario. A self administered questionnaire was prepared comprising about 9 questions based on the topic of the survey and circulated to about 100 people through an online google sheets link. The questions were studied carefully and corresponding answers were marked by the participants. The data was collected and statistically analysed. The overall result was positive wherein the public was co-operative about the lockdown and found ways to keep themselves occupied and they believe that the government of India was performing efficiently and that it is well-equipped and can handle any future pandemics. This study helps us understand the public perspective on the current, serious issue going on in the world.

ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease ( COVID-19 ) is caused by SARS-CoV2 and is a great global public health concern. The zoonotic origin of COVID-19 is likely to be the wet animal market in Wuhan city, China. The transmission of COVID-19 can be from person-to-person and this leads to the isolation of patients. Extensive measures were taken to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 and to control the current outbreak. So it is necessary and important to know the dietary patterns which play an important role in the prevention of COVID-19. This study involves college students in the age group of 12-40 years. A well structured questionnaire was prepared comprising 15 questions covering socio-demographic information, knowledge , attitude, perceptions was framed and administered to the participants through an online google forms link. A total of 116 responses were collected out of which 42.6% were male and 57.4% were female. 80% of the total population were aware that diet patterns play an important role in COVID-19. Pearson Chi square value= 0.61, p=0.89 ( p>0.05 indicating statistically not significant. 73% of the total population were aware that an increase in immunity of our body prevents COVID-19. Pearson Chi square value=5.88, p=0.11 ( p>0.05 indicating statistically not significant). It may be concluded that most of the students are aware of the diet pattern in COVID-19. Awareness may be created to have an intake of balanced diet during the pandemic period.

Introduction: Online classes due to lockdown has been an unavoidable essential part of our daily life. In this study the opinion from different mentalities will be noted to get an intention about online classes. Different questions were asked about the classes for instance: class organisation, helpfulness, interest, accessibility, comfortability, impact of learning, comparison between regular and online classes and their preferences among them. This is attained due to different advanced social platforms. Materials and methods: The survey was conducted among 153 college students in 2020. The students were interviewed with a questionnaire containing 15 explanatory questions about online classes during lockdown. The data was then collected and manipulated in 2020 using SPSS software (chi square test). Results: 57.3% of the student population replied that the online classes are helpful, 29.3% may be and rest 13.3% replied no. 52.6% said that they invest proper time for learning and 32.9% sometime, rest 14.5% replied no. 66.7% replied that effective communication was attained and 20.2% not sure and the rest of 13% said no. 38.6% said the classes are good, 37.3% said classes are average and 16% said very good and rest of them said no. More than 87% of them preferred regular classes than online classes and the rest 12% said online classes. Conclusion: If a proper algorithm and plan is followed the online classes conducted will be welcomed by the students, few disadvantages of social media and cyberspace are present.

Pandemic is a global affection which has effects on health, social and political levels,As many countries are trying to tackle the current COVID pandemic, this study aims at analysing the popular perception on the capabilities of India in managing a pandemic among the local population. A questionnaire was distributed through an online google forms link to about 100 South Indian population, The study population were asked to fill out the online form after reading each question thoroughly. The results were collected and Data was analysed using SPSS software version 20. From the results, the majority of the study population answered positive responses regarding India’s capability of managing pandemic and also awareness of Pandemic among people of India.. 100% of the population were aware of the pandemic and its outbreaks. This study gives an insight on the popular perception toward India’s capability of managing pandemic, and creating an awareness on its spread.