European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background:Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance, as well as excessive or insufficient glucagon production. Hyperglycemia is a consequence of untreated diabetes that causes harm to multiple body systems through microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic problems over time. In addition, testosterone levels were shown to be low in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.
Aim and objectives: To investigate the incidence of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes, as well as the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes and its impact on everyday activities.
Methods: This research was conducted out in the Department of Medicine of Maharishi Markandeshwar College and Hospital, Solan. A total of 100 men with type 2 diabetes were studied to determine the prevalence of low testosterone levels.
Results: This study enlisted 100 type 2 diabetes patients over the age of 40 to look at serum testosterone levels. In 69 patients with HbA1C levels greater than 7.5%, testosterone levels were found to be low. In low testosterone groups, erectile dysfunction was reported. The relationship between type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism has been examined extensively in many research, however whether DM therapy can treat hypogonadism or testosterone can enhance glycemic control in diabetic patients with hypogonadism is still debatable.
Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of both low testosterone levels and ED, all diabetic male patients over the age of 40 should be screened

Background and objectives : Testosterone has been shown to provide a protective role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in men, the low serum level of testosterone in the middle age patients  may contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD),this study was applied to check serum levels of  testosterone in less than 50 age group patients with CAD and it`s relation to other risk factors.
Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional coparative study was applied over 6 months from first of April 2018 to first of October 2018 ,this study was conducted in coronary care unit of al_hussein teaching hospital and  outpatient on 101 middle age males ,fifty five of them presented with ACS and the other 46 apparently normal(as healthy control) ,mean age was 43.5±5.6 years ,serum testosterone was tested for both groups in addition to data that collected from them by a performed questionnaire, a man with a total testosterone level below 300 ng/dL should be diagnosed with low testosterone.
Result: serum testosterone level was low in 37 of 55 patient group (92.5%) and 3 of 46 of control group (7.5%) with a significant p.value (0.05) , 94% of patient group presented within 40_50 years age group and73% for control group.
 Low testosterone significantly associated with age >40 years()and other risk factor of CAD including obesity and dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: Serum testosterone  level were found to be decreased significantly in patients with ACS and this low level significantly associated with other risk factor for ACS.

To determine the effectiveness of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Testosterone yoga therapy in adult women the random group experimental research was the main goal. Thirty adult women between the ages of 20 and 35 years were randomly chosen using the Chennai random sampling group method for the purpose of study and were split into two groups, I and II, of 15 subjects each. It was hypothesised that the physiological and hormonal variables chosen, such as the Body Mass Index (BMI) and testosterone, will vary substantially from the control group among adult people. Before the start of the training programme, a preliminary evaluation for two classes on Body Mass Index (BMI) and testosterone was carried out. Community I subjects earned 60 minutes of yoga practise, 6 days a week for a cumulative duration of eight weeks. Group II (Control Group) had an active resting place. After the experimental period, the two groups were retested on the same selected dependent variables again. The study of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the important discrepancies between the experimental group and the control group. The significance test was set at a degree of trust of 0.05. The research findings found that the Intervention Group showed substantial variations between adult women with PCOS compared to the Placebo Group attributable to yoga therapy on selected biochemical and hormonal factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and testosterone. The theory was agreed at a confidence level of 0.05. It is also concluded that yoga therapy is effective in preserving a stable body mass index (BMI) and testosterone amount for adult women with PCOS.

Objective to assess the influence of administering the tryptophan in the white male rats Rattus novergicus's testosterone and estradiol hormone levels. This research is experimental with the design of the posttest only control group design. The samples used as many as 28 rats were divided into 4 treatment groups. Each group is given an intraperitoneal injection of tryptophan with a dose level of 40mg, 50mg and 60mg/kg of bady weight. While one group was separated and made as control group. The treatments are given for 14 days and measured hormone levels using RIA. Based on assessment results, it was observed that there was a decrease in the average levels of testosterone (13,78nmol/L) and also observed an increase in the average level of the estradiol (8,65pg/dl) in the male white rat Rattus norvegicus when compared to the control group. The doses of tryptophan administered in the treatment group 1 is 40mg obtained the average testosterone levels 12,95nmol/L and average estradiol level of 9,87pg/dl. The doses of tryptophan administered in the treatment group 2 is 50mg obtained an average testosterone level of 11.03nmol/L and average estradiol level of 10,17pg/dl. The administration of tryptophan caused a decrease in the average testosterone levels in the control group and an increase in the average levels of estradiol compared to the control group even though the increase and decrease in the mean was not significant. It is likely that intraperitoneal administration of tryptophan has inhibitory effect of estradiol on testosterone.

Background: PCOS is the most common endocrinological disorder affecting 6 -14% amongst reproductive age group. The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and it is still not well understood. Many markers have been studied to correlate between homocysteine level and other clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile. Preliminary investigations indicate that in women with PCOS, serum biomarkers of cardiovascular disorders such as homocysteine are abnormal. Furthermore the interactions between homocysteine and PCOS, biochemical features such as obesity, insulin resistance and higher levels of androgen, have been researched and the potential determinant of this finding is still being explored.
Aim and Objectives: We aim to determine association between hyperhomocysteinemia and PCOS. The objectives of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical, metabolic and 
hormonal profile in women of PCOS with normal homocysteine level with that of increased homocysteine level.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study which will be performed in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, AVBRH, DMIMS (Deemed to be University, Wardha), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the rural area of Wardha district in over 140 patients for period between 2020-22. This study will include PCOS patients based on Rotterdam diagnostic criteria and will exclude patients with known metabolic, cardiovascular and endocrine disorders. Metabolic and hormonal profile will be evaluated with BMI, Lipid profile, Insulin resistance, serum levels of LH, FSH, DHEA and Testosterone in all patients. Serum homocysteine levels will be measured using ELISA.
Expected Results: We expect that there will be significant difference in clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile of PCOS women having hyperhomocysteinemia than women having normal homocysteine level.