European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background and Aims: Perioperative management of functional adrenal tumours is resource intensive. Due to the covid 19 pandemic, there has been sizeable delay in preparing and conducting these time sensitive surgeries.Quality of care andresource utilisation may worsen. This retrospective review was aimed at finding if care quality deteriorated due to covid 19 related restrictions, from anaesthetic perspective.
Methods:Three cases of hormone-secreting adrenal tumours operated during a two year period in a tertiary cancer centre in India were retrospectively reviewed.Summary of the demographic profile, tumour characteristics, and the perioperative care were described using tables and analysed in the discussion.
Results: Out of the three cases operated for adrenal gland tumour, pheochromocytoma tumour type with distant metastasis had prolonged hospital stay. One patient developed covid 19 infection in hospital. Cases were adequately managed during the perioperative period and the covid 19 related constraints didn’t affect the quality of care.
Conclusion:As in any other major surgery, adhering to a unique checklist, multidisciplinary approach, clear communication, knowledge sharing and establishing a care pathway helps to maintainquality care in high risk cases and at times of crisis.
 

Background: Vocal cord paralysis (VCP), defined as the loss of normal adduction/abduction
caused by a lesion distant from the cords, result from neural injury to the recurrent laryngeal
nerve. Present study was aimed to study various etiologies of vocal cord paralysis at a tertiary
hospital.
Material and Methods: Present study was hospital based, retrospective observational study,
conducted patients with vocal cord palsy confirmed with endoscopy.
Results: In present study, 52 cases were of vocal cord paralysis were evaluated in detail.
Majority were from 41-60 years age group (53.85%) followed by 41-60 years age group
(28.85%).Male patients (57.69%) were more than female (42.31%). Common symptoms
noted in present study were dyspnoea (75%), hoarseness of voice (55.77%), dysphagia +
dyspnoea (30.77%) & dysphagia (25%). Majority of cases had unilateral vocal cord palsy
(92.31%) as compared to Bilateral (7.69%) vocal cord palsy. Among cases left (61.54%) side
involvement was common than right (30.77%). In present study, various neoplasms (thyroid,
bronchogenic, esophageal) & post surgical (thyroidectomy, esophagectomy) were most
common etiology in 26.92% patients each. Other etiologies were idiopathic causes (17.31%),
neck nodes/cervical metastases (11.54%), mediastinal masses/lymph nodes (5.77%), CNS
causes (5.77%), cardiovascular (3.85%) &blunt Trauma (1.92%).
Conclusion: Vocal cord paralysis was common in males, at 5th& 6th decade & it was
unilateral in majority of cases. Common causes of vocal cord paralysis are neoplasm, postsurgical
& idiopathic.

Background: Testicular trauma and obstructed hernia can be differentiated by taking history from patient. Physical examination adds only a little information. Color Doppler ultrasound (US) is the modality of choice to differentiate testicular torsion from inflammatory conditions and can thus help in avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations. Color Doppler US alone has a limited role in the evaluation of testicular tumours. Gray-scaleultrasonography in combination with color Doppler imaging is a well-accepted technique for assessing scrotal lesions andtesticular perfusion.
Aims and Objectives: To Evaluate the study of Sonography and Colour Doppler in correlation with its histopathology and pediatric non neoplastic scrotal masses and also to compare non-neoplastic and neoplastic scrotal masses by characterization on B-modescan and Colour Doppler ultrasonography.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in 100 patients with clinically suggestive scrotal lesions. All cases were subjected to real time sonography examination. Main stress was laid to determine of organ of scrotal lesion to evaluate its nature size and echo texture and to see the results on management of serial Ultrasonography.
Results: Of 56 cases of non-inflammatory scrotal swellings, 5 cases wereneoplastic lesions, remaining 51 cases were non-neoplastic swellings. The 5 cases of neoplastic swellings were three cases of testicular neoplasm, two case of spermatic cord neoplasm which was histopathologically confirmed.
Conclusion: When color Doppler sonography is supplemented with High frequency gray scale US, the sensitivity of diagnosing acute scrotal pathology will be increased.

The main purpose of this project is to identify the brain tumor utilizing graphical user interface in MATLAB software. Neoplasm is a nun manageable growth of clump in brain tissues. The identification of tumefaction can be done by using either CT (computerized tomography) scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Mostly the MRI images are preferred over CT scan as they describe functional information of the tumefaction. The approach to design this paper involves four stages: - Pre-processing, edge detection, fuzzy-means clustering, followed by segmentation. This integrated approach allows the segmentation of swelling tissues with accuracy and reproducibility compared to manual segmentation. Finally, the tumefaction affected region is clearly displayed using segmentation.