European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Banking is a backbone for economic progress of any country, India is not an exception. After Nationalisation till liberalisation the progress of banking industry mainly focused on public sector banks. After liberalisation private sector banks has played an important role for the progress of Indian economy. Government of India initiated diverse structural reforms in line with global banking industry such as implementation of Basel norms, listing in stock exchanges, automation of operational activities, consolidation of selected public sector banks , as a part of financial inclusion Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), National Investment and Infrastructure (NIIF), allowing to operate small and payments banks and others. The current study highlights risk and return of banking stocks which are part of Nifty index between 2 periods which includes period1, the UPA government (2010 to 2014) and period2, the NDA government (2015 to 2019). It also examines the pattern of return and risk of banking stocks between two periods and relates different policy decisions. The study used different statistical techniques like Return, Average return, Standard deviation, Variance and Beta. Coefficient of variation analysis is to understanding the relationship between two periods risk and return of banking stocks.

Portfolios are one way of investing with a merger of several investment instruments within a portfolio group. Portfolio for the first time introduced by Markowitz (1952). Then theories began to be studied a lot by researchers that produced a lot of discoveries, in portfolio theory, there's the variable in diversification where this theory can suppress the level of risk that arises in an investment with a particular rate of return. This study adds variables used by Cazalet al (2014) where it adds value at risk variables (var). The study used a useful regression of logistics, finding a formula that produces binary codes 1 and 0, where one return of that stock over the market and zero returns obtained below the market. The formulas generated with the beta, alpha, diversification, and var variables could predict return levels with binary codes 1 and 0 by 72.5 percent, this may help investors to determine shares that have returns on the market to boost investment returns.

The human coronaviruses was first identified in mid 1960s. Coronavirus are subgrouped in alpha, beta, gamma & delta. Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) & Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(MERS-CoV) are included in Beta coronaviruses (Sharifi-Mood 2015; Ksiazek etal., 2003, Cho et al., 2016., Kim et al., 2015). Coronaviruses are viruses thatbelong to the subfamily of Coronavirinae in the family of Coronaviridae, causesthe common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome; they are well known tocause disease in humans and animals including himalayan palm civets, raccoon,monkeys, dogs, cats, dogs, and rodents. MERS-CoV is genetically distinct fromthe SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which has emerged as a pandemic in the last decade and appearsto behave differently (Baseler et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015). Incidence of Humancoronaviruses infection among infants is highest during the winter and earlyspring seasons.Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a syndrome affecting upperrespiratory system and is caused by Middle East Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS cases high fever, chills, chest pain, bodyaches, cough, breathing problem, sore throat, diarrhoea, renal failure, pneumonia,nausea/vomiting and running nose. First case of MERS to human was reported inyear 2012 in Saudi Arabia. After 2012 MERS-CoV infection has been reportedfrom 27 countries only within 4 years (WHO report: 2016). Till present threeMERS outbreaks have taken place in Saudi Arabia (2013, 2014) and in SouthKorea (2015) (Assiri et al., 2013; Oboho et al., 2015; Park et al., 2015). Outbreakreported in South Korea was reported to have fatality rate as high as 40%, and italso involved spreading of MERS while hospital-to-hospital transit of patients.High attack rate and easy spreading means has put MERS disease at risk of anepidemic (Kim et al., 2015; Ki., 2015; WHO Emergencies preparedness,response, 2015). Till date no specific vaccine is available against MERS. There isan urgent need for specific and safe MERS vaccine 
keeping in mind the steepincrease of MERS cases and it’s high mortality rate. As far now the pathogenesisof MERS-CoV is largely unknown. Hence, an immunoinformatics approach tothoroughly study and screen potential immunogenic proteins from availableproteome sequence data of MERS-CoV is very essential for vaccine development.SARS started off in the Guangdong Province in southern China in themonth of November 2002. Eventually it reached Hong Kong, from where itrapidly spread around the world, infecting people in 37 countries (Hsieh et al.,2015., Kong et al., 2015). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV)causes a severe form of upper respiratory track disorder called the Severeacute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The SARS infection is highly contagious andis prominently characterized by breathing difficulties, high fever, dry cough, andpneumonia. SARS is endemic in southern China. In the year 2003, the SARSoutbreak in south China caused 8098 people sick and 774 dead. Eventually, SARShas now reported to spread around the world, infecting people in 37 countries(Zhong et al, 2003; Booth et al., 2003; Leung et al., 2003; CDC report; 2018).Even though there is an urgent need to develop a specific SARS vaccine, till datethere is no specific and safe vaccine against SARS. Pathogenesis mechanism ofSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 being still largely unknown the immunoinformatics approach todesign and develop an epitope-based specific vaccine against SARS would be anessential step forward.