European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: To assess efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in management of ethmoid polyps.
Materials and Methods: Ninety- two adult patients age ranged 18- 45 years of either gender was selected and FESS was planned under general anesthesia which comprises of anterior ethmoidectomy, posterior ethmoidectomy, middle meatus antrostomy and clearance of frontal recess. Naso-endoscopy was done post operatively on recall visits at 1st week, 2nd weeks, 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month and one year.
Results: Out of 92 patients, males were 52 and females were 40. Pre- operative rhinorrhea score was 3.84 and post- operative score was 2.10, nasal hyperreactivity score was 0.92 and 0.60 pre- operatively and post- operatively respectively, nasal congestion score was 3.54 pre- operatively and 2.12 post- operatively. Anosmia score was 2.34 pre- operatively and 1.15 post- operatively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). Common complications recorded in patients undergoing FESS were CSF leak in 2, synechia in 3 cases and ocular problem in 1 patient. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery effectively treated the cases of ethmoid polyps. Only few complications such as CSF leak, synechia and ocular problem were observed

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately millions of individuals
every year. It is characterized by inflammation of nose and paranasal sinuses, thus
becoming one of the most common disorders of the upper airway. The present study was
conducted to assess cases of chronic sinonasal diseases & nasal polyposis using functional
endoscopic sinus surgery.
Materials & Methods: 72 patients of chronic sinonasal diseases & nasal polyposis of both
genders were assessed radiologically as well as endoscopically. All patients underwent
functional endoscopic sinus surgery, using the Messerklinger’s approach. They were
recalled for 6 weeks.
Results: Out of 72 patients, males were 42 and females were 30. Endoscopic findings were
DNS in 34, middle turbinate hypertrophy in 18, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 5,
enlargedaggernasi in 6, Mpd in middle meatus in 5 and edematous/polypoidal up in 4
cases. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Clinical features were nasal discharge in
62, nasal obstruction in 48, sneezing in 57, headache in 61, post nasal drip in 35 and
epistaxis in 29. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis is common among all people. Functional endoscopic
sinus surgery is useful in these patients.

characterise India's population according to the Keros categorization (CT).
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in our institution over a period of 1 year
(June 2018 to June 2019). Patients >16 years of age undergoing CT scan of paranasal sinuses
(PNS) were included. A total of 1200 patients' PNS CT scan studies were evaluated. The
vertical height of the lateral lamella was used to determine the depth of OF. Independent
samples t test and Chi Square test were used to examine the results by gender and laterality.
Results: OF had a mean depth of 5.16 ± 1.59 mm. The mean depth of OF between males and
females was statistically significant, but not between right and left sides. Keros type I was
discovered on 210 sides (17.5%), type II on 895 (74.6%), and type III on 95 sides (7.9
percent).
Conclusion: Even while the prevalence of the harmful type III OF is modest, it is
considerable, particularly among men and on the right side. To avoid iatrogenic
consequences, a preoperative assessment of depth is required.

Background:Decreasing MAP (mean arterial blood pressure) using controlled hypotension, is introduced to improve visibility of the surgical site by reducing blood loss during FESS.
Aims:The present study was conducted to compare and assess the hemodynamic stability and hypotensive efficacy of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine in FESS.
Materials and Methods:40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 20 subjects each. Subjects from Group I received 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, whereas, Group II subjects received 2 μg/kg Clonidine. Postoperative complications and Haemodynamic parameters were assessed at baseline, following the loading dose, 1- and 5-minutes following intubation, and every 10 minutes till recovery. These parameters were mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, oxygen saturation, and heart rate (HR).
Results:MAP and HR decreased significantly from baseline at all the time intervals of assessment (p<0.001). These values were statistically significant for both intragroup and intergroup for Group I and Group II. Also, statistically non-significant results were seen concerning the visibility of the surgical field. Emergence time was significantly higher for Group I (7.38±0.58 min) than Group II (6.44±0.72 min) with p=0.001. Sedation scores were higher significantly for group I (1.88±1.23) than Group II (1.37±0.12) with p=0.001. VAS scores were significantly lower for Group I (2.24±0.78) than Group II (3.01±0.14) at all time intervals with p=0.001. First rescue analgesia was significantly higher for Group I (110.45±12.25 min) than Group II (84.31±10.06) with the p-value of <0.0001
Conclusion:Present study concludes that, better hemodynamic stability was seen with dexmedetomidine compared to Clonidine. However, decreased blood loss and intraoperative visibility were comparable for both dexmedetomidine and Clonidine. Sedation and prolonged anesthesia were also better with dexmedetomidine.

Background: To study and compare the hypertonic nasal douching with normal saline nasal douching in post operative endoscopic sinus surgery.