European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background and Objectives: Hyperlipidaemia refers to elevated levels of lipids in the blood. Lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in plasma. Circulating lipid is carried in lipoproteins that transport the lipid to various tissues for energy use, lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation. To compare the efficacy of Atorvastatin alone with Atorvastatin plus Omega- 3 fatty acids combination in management of hyperlipidaemia. Methods: The study was a comparative, prospective, randomized and open label study. Patients with history of recent MI or post MI, attending the out patients / in patients, Department of General Medicine, DMCH, Darbhanga. Study duration of Two years. Conclusion: The efficacy of combination therapy i.e., Atorvastatin plus Omega-3 fatty acids showed statistically significant rise in HDL cholesterol with mean percentage difference of 3.7% when compared to monotherapy with Atorvastatin.

Background: Lipid and lipoprotein levels are interrelated with diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) or triglycerides (TAG) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] is traditionally named as dyslipidemia. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia occurs earlier in life, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The study aims to assess the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus patients.
 
Methods: A case-control type of study was conducted for 18 months (September 2011 to March 2013) at the Department of General Medicine, Shadan Hospital, Hyderabad. Ethical committee approval was taken before the study from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 120 subjects, 60 non-diabetic (healthy) control subjects with matching age and gender and, 60 cases of subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus were enrolled based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
 
Results: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels between control (normal and healthy subjects) and case (subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus) groups. The Mean±SD levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) were higher in the cases group and showed statistical significance when compared with the control group.

Aim and Objectives: Type I Diabetes mellitus previously classified as juvenile diabetes is supposed to cause derangements in lipid metabolism, consequent on impaired glucose metabolism just like type II diabetes mellitus. If these patients are early diagnosed and properly treated, with good control of diabetes, degenerative changes may be postponed or stopped (or) onset may not occur. Aim is to Study lipoprotein patterns and disturbances in lipid metabolism in cases of type I diabetes mellitus, who are on regular treatment with Insulin.
Materials and Methods: Glucose tolerance test and lipid profile in IDDM patients is done and compared with same biochemical parameters with the healthy non diabetic controls. Cases are being selected from the medical wards of Govt., General Hospital, and Guntur. Cases of about 35 diabetics (IDDM) of both sexes, of various age groups from 6 to 40 years, without clinically manifested complications were investigated. At the same time about 35 controls of nondiabetic healthy persons without hyperglycemia and glycosuria were investigated for comparison with the cases.
Results: The mean HDL cholesterol level for IDDM patients is 37.514 mg % (S.D = + 6.213). In case of normals, the HDL-C is 43.57 mg% (S.D = +6.31) P value is 0.01. So there is significant decrease in HDLC in IDDMpatients compared with normals. The mean VLDL-C level for IDDM patients is 46.25 mg% (S.D= + 9.419) and the mean VLDLC concentration in case of normals is 29.71mg% (S.D± 10.53) P value is 0.01. So VLDL-C is increased in IDDMpatients compared with normals.The mean LDL-C concentration for IDDM patients is 141.971ng% (S.D+51.64) and the mean LDL-C concentration in case of normal94.51 mg% (S.D± 21.88) P value is .01. So there is increasedconcentration of LDL-C in IDDM patients compared with normals. The LDL-C and HDL-C ratio is more in case of IDDM patents compared with normals.
Discussion: The history of the patients is studied. None of them are smokers (or) Alcholics (or) with abnormal food habits leading to obesity. So the basis of the study of lipoproteins is purely is in relation to type I Diabetes mellitus. None of the patients showed any signs and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency (or) cardiomyopathy symptoms. The lipoprotein pattern studied in these patients have shown significant rise of LDL-C in almost all the patients. Mild rise of Triglycerides is seen in all the patients with the mean of 242.628 mg %. The patients studied are on treatment with insulin for more than one year and are with adequate control. Inspite of their treatment of diabetes with insulin therapy, the observation is that, there is increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This indicates that Acetyl COA and FFA are shunted towards fat synthesis. HDL fraction is seen in all the patients studied by lipoprotein pattern. The mean value of HDL obtained is 37.5 mg% for normal controls LDL, HDL and VLDL are lower range than Type I diabetes patients.
Conclusion: This study shows that if the patients with diabetes are on regular treatment with insulin and maintaining the normal blood sugar levels, the complications are postponed and less likely to appear. Those whose GTT is increased showing increased or abnormal blood sugar levels have altered or increased lipoprotein levels. This increased lipoproteins may lead to cardiovascular complications in future which life are threatening

Background: Although overt hypothyroidism is linked to lipid metabolic abnormalities, there are mixed results when it comes to the degree of lipid alterations in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).
Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional investigation, the serum lipid parameters of 70 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 100 age and sex matched euthyroid controls were assessed.
Results: Patients with SCH had significantly higher mean serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density cholesterol (VLDL) than controls (P<0.05). Patients with serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) greater than 10 mU/L had higher mean TC, TG, and low-density cholesterol (LDL) concentrations than those with serum TSH equal to or less than 10 mU/L, although the difference was not statistically significant. The concentration of blood high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and the amount of serum TSH had no correlation.
Conclusions: High TC, TG and VLDL were observed in our patients with SCH.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction may contribute to lipids metabolic disorders. Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) function comes from its specific lipolytic action.  This study aimed to find the association of serum ZAG levels with thyroxin and lipid profile in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after carbimazole treatment. Patients and methods: This study was conducted as a case-cohort study done on 23 patients suffering from typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. In addition, 23 apparently healthy individuals were chosen as a control group. All patients were selected from Internal medicine department, Zagazig University Hospitals. Results: The present study showed fasting plasma glucose levels and SBP were significantly higher among case group. The difference in lipid profile in case group before and after treatment with carbimazole.There was significant higher levels in total cholesterol and TG Levels after treatment. The difference in lipid profile in case group before and after treatment with carbimazole. There was significant reduction in HDL Levels after treatment. While LDLwas significant higher after the treatment. Significant reduction in ZAG levels after treatment with carbimazole in case group. Conclusion: ZAG has a novel role in lipid metabolism as it has specific lipolytic action so it has a potential role in body weight regulation, protect against fatty liver by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation.

Background &Method: The aim of the study is to determine lipid status in one of the common neurodegenerative disease i.e Parkinson’s disease patients. 5 ml fasting blood samples from patients sex & age matched controls were collected from antecubital vein, with all aseptic precaution in plain vacutainers.
 
Result: Serum total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol was significantly low in Parkinson’s patients as compared with control group. Serum HDL cholesterol level was slightly low, but not significantly different as compared with controls.
 
Conclusion: Finally from our work we observed that Serum Total cholesterol and Serum LDL cholesterol levels are significantly decreased, in Parkinson’s disease patients as compared with controls. Serum HDL cholesterol is slightly decreased & did not show any statistical difference in Parkinson’s disease patients as compared with healthy controls suggesting dysregulation of lipid metabolism in PD patients.