European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Dengue was one of the top 10 probable health concerns to the world in 2019 according to the World Health Organization. Dengue fever has been associated with various types of renal manifestations such as proteinuria, hematuria, glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, this prospective cross-sectional observational study was designed to analyze the frequency, characteristics, and clinical outcome of dengue fever in children with renal manifestations.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study done on 225 cases of children with dengue fever in the Department of pediatrics, SPMCHI hospital Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur. Data regarding the need for fluid resuscitation, colloid infusion, inotrope support, ventilatory requirement were collected. Creatinine values and urine output were noted and ‘Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome 2012 (KDIGO)’ guideline was used to stage the acute kidney injury. Various renal manifestations of dengue will be studied and compared between the severity of dengue fever. Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation and were analyzed using independent sample t test for comparison between 2 groups and ANOVA test was used for comparison between multiple groups (>2 groups).
Results: Our study showed that Mean age of 225 children with dengue in present study was 7.98 ± 4.21 years. Male to female ratio was 1.06:1. Renal involvement was highest in patients with dengue shock syndrome (28.6%), followed by those with dengue hemorrhagic fever (18.4%) and was least in those with dengue fever (4.7%). This difference in incidence of renal involvement in relation to severity of dengue was found to best artistically significant (p<0.001). The duration of hospital stay was highest in patients with Failure p RIFLE criteria (11.5 ± 4.95 days), followed by injury category (7 ± 1.41 days) and was least in risk category (5± 0.89 days), and this difference was found to best artistically significant (p=0.019).
Conclusion: We concluded that renal involvement was more common in dengue shock syndrome. Transient proteinuria and hematuria have been detected in most patients with dengue fever. So a clinician who is dealing with dengue patients should have closed watched on renal functions so kidney injury can be avoid to some extent as well as the mortality in dengue.

The viral virus transmitted by mosquitoes that can be fatal, dengue, has been a public health issue. Despite being lethal, dengue is an illness that can be avoided. Health education, mosquito eradication, and immunization are the three basic forms of preventive that are frequently used in tandem.
Method: Quantitative research design was used for study. A practical simple random sampling procedure was used to select 60 mothers in total. Questionnaire methods were used to gather the data. Age, religion, degree of education, and other socio-demographic characteristics were taken into account when formulating the questions.
Results: In this study, the majority of participants, 36 (60%) had average knowledge about dengue fever, followed by 13 (21.7%) who had bad knowledge and just 11 (18.3%) who had strong knowledge. The majority of 28 (46.7%) were between the ages of 18 and 25, and the majority of 45 (75%) were Hindus, according to other results. Of the relationship between mother and selected socio-demographic factors and their level of understanding regarding their dengue fever. The results indicated that while religion and educational status are significant at the p0.05 level, socio-demographic variables like the mother's age, residence, employment status, earning members of the family, family monthly income, marital status, family type are not significant at that level.
Conclusion: It is important to give mothers enough information about prevention of dengue fever so that they can help and encourage other mothers.

Introduction: Dengue is one of the major re-emerging viral infections. In recent years, dengue has become a major global public health concern. In small subset of patients, there is life threatening condition with severe cytopenias and significant systemic response. The presence of macropage activation in dengue fever is well reported and could be one possible reason for mortality and morbidity. Dengue being an infective condition, a modest rise in ferritin levels and CRP are expected in dengue fever as well. In dengue fever sr. ferritin is disproportionately raised compared to any bacterial or viral infection.
Material and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted at MKCGMCH Berhampur over a period of 2 years from 2019 to 2021.The study population consisted of adults admitted to department of general medicine with diagnosis of dengue fever. 100 dengue patients admitted in dengue ward/to different wards of medicine department of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur were observed. Only who were seropositive for dengue fever NS1 antigen or IgM ELISA were recruited for the study. Their serum ferritin and CRP levels on the day of admission and on the fifth day were measured. The relationship between serum ferritin, CRP, platelets and severity of dengue fever was observed.
Results: Total number of uncomplicated dengue fever is 78 and that of severe dengue (DHF/DSS) is 22. The mean serum ferritin and CRP are high on day one as compared to day five, but the mean TPC on day five is high as compared to day one. Serum Ferritin and CRP are Negatively Correlated with the TPC in Linear Pattern in day one, which is statistically Significant. Serum Ferritin and CRP are Negatively Correlated with the TPC in Linear Pattern in Day Five, which is statistically significant. The mean TPC level on day one of hospitalization among DF, DHF, DSS are 79766.7, 1006.3 and 19100 respectively. The mean TPC level on day five of hospitalization among DF, DHF, DSS are 79766.7, 1006.3 and 19100 respectively. The above figures show that, the mean ferritin and CRP level on day five are significantly high among DHF/DSS as compared to DF.

Dengue infection is generally considered to be a pediatric disease but is currently a growing problem in adults throughout the tropics. The Peer education intervention is the widely used and is generally a low cost intervention, conveying information in natural settings where target groups are located.
            The statement of the study is to assess the  effectiveness of Peer education interventions on knowledge regarding dengue fever among adults in selected areas, Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu. The objectives of the study is to assess the existing knowledge on dengue fever among the adults, to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education intervention on knowledge of dengue fever among adults and to associate the post-test knowledge on dengue fever among adults with selected demographic variables.
            An evaluative research approach was adopted for the study. The research design used in this study is Quasi- experimental design (one group pre-test and post-test design). The study was conducted in selected rural areas in Thiruporur. Sample of the study was 60 were selected by using random sampling technique. Data was collected from 27/09/22 to 29/10/22. Semi structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge on dengue fever.  Five adult educators were taught about dengue fever and they in turn taught to the other adults under the supervision of the investigator. Post test was conducted on the 7th day of the intervention.The results shows that in the Pre-test all adults had inadequate knowledge about dengue fever.
            Overall post-test mean knowledge score was 23.61 with standard deviation of 2.98, which was more than the pre-test mean score 7.81 with the standard deviation of 2.78. This shows that peer education was effective. There was no significant association between the post test knowledge level and the demographic   variables among adults. This study shows that peer education intervention is an effective intervention among adults to promote knowledge on dengue fever.

Background and objectives: Dengue, important arbo viral infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus. There are 4 distinct, but closely related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4). There is increasing prevalence in tropical and subtropical countries in the recent times. This study was done to know the spectrum of various clinical manifestations of DF and radiological profile among dengue cases.
Materials and methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in the department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College/Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana State during October 2017 to November 2018.
Results: Out of 106 cases examined, majority (63.2%) were in the age group of 6 – 10 yrs. Male to female ratio was 1.35:1. Fever was present in almost all cases i.e. 99%. Bleeding manifestations were noted in 53% cases. On ultrasound, hepatomegaly was found in most (35.8%) cases, followed by gallbladder wall edema (26.4%).
Conclusion: The wide varied presentation of dengue fever especially in children is very unpredictable. Knowing the scope of atypical manifestations, every case with fever, in endemic areas, should be thoroughly examined and investigated haematologically and radiologically to prevent the dreadful complications. Thus saving the lives of children by early initiation of treatment.

Background of the study: Dengue is a vector born disease and it can be fetal it is not treated properly. The spread of the disease should know by the rural people and its preventive practices. Objectives: -Study investigated to assess the level of knowledge on dengue fever in selected rural area. Material and Methods: Descriptive study done in Koyanavasahat to assess the level of knowledge on dengue fever.100 samples chosen from affected area rural area. There are 51 male and 49 female. Most of the samples are above the age of 30 yrs. Samples collected with simple random with convenient techniques .Self-prepared questionnaire prepared for data collection .Ethical permission taken prior to data collection process. Data collection done as per objectives. (Level of knowledge (poor knowledge 1-6,fair knowledge 7-13,Goo knowledge 14-20)

During the 19th century, dengue was considered a sporadic disease, causing epidemics. However, dramatic changes in this pattern have occurred and currently, dengue ranks as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In the past 50 years, its incidence has increased 30-fold with significant outbreaks occurring in five of six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Informed written consent was obtained from the parents of each patient before enrollment. History and examination findings were recorded in a pre-structured proforma. Children with clinically diagnosed dengue fever (WHO criteria) & serologically confirmed and admitted cases between the age group of 2months to 18years formed the study group. In my study population, all of them had a fever. The second most common presenting symptom was vomiting 112 (60.5%) cases, pain abdomen was next 73 cases(39.5%), 56 cases (30.3%) presented as a shock, 18 cases (9.7%) presented with bleeding manifestations and least being headache with 9cases (4.9).

Dengue and chikungunya are two arboviral infections that are common in tropical countries and are spread by aedes mosquitoes. A retrospective study was conducted from June 21 to June 22 to determine the prevalence of these diseases at Gandhi Hospital Secunderabad, Telangana. NIV's IgM antibody capture ELISA kits were used to test for chikungunya.SDdiagnostics performed dengue NS1 antigen testing using ELISA. There were 2981 samples for dengue NS1 antigen, of which 114 (3.8 percent) were positive, and 4822 samples for IgM, of which 618 (12.8 percent) were positive.The number of chikungunya samples received was 4711, with 376 (7.9%) being positive. The age group most commonly affected by dengue was 40–60 years old (37.7 percent) and for chikungunya, 21–40 years (58.7 percent). In terms of gender distribution, males accounted for 58.7 percent of dengue infections and females for 55.7 percent of chikungunya infections, respectively. Dengue infectivity increased the most in September (17.4%) and October (17.11%), while chikungunya infectivity increased the most in September (9.5%) and November (10%). But early detection and treatment, as well as controlling vectors toprevent  the spread of disease, would be good for the community and society as a whole.

Background:Dengue fever presents with a diverse clinical spectrum. Although liver is
not a major target organ, hepatic dysfunction is a well recognized feature. In this study
we attempted to study the pattern of hepatic involvement in children with dengue and
its association with disease severity.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at during the period
of 1 year. Children <18 years of age with dengue Ns1 Ag and IgM positive were
included in this study. After obtaining informed consent, a pre structured proforma was
used to record the relevant information from each subject. After detailed clinical
examination and haematological investigation children were categorized into three
groups as dengue fever with no warning signs(DNWS), dengue fever with warning
signs(DWWS) and severe dengue fever(SDF) according to WHO classification.
Statistical analysis was done to know the strength of association between different
clinical and biochemical variables and outcome of the disease.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 8.65 years with male preponderance.
The mean total bilirubin, serum albumin, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, PT and INR were 0.76
mg/dl, 3.8g/dl, 233.18U/L, 118.15U/L, 200.65 U/L, 12.9s and 1.09 respectively. The mean
SGOT was significantly higher than SGPT. The degree of deranged LFTs was
significantly more in SDF group than DNWS and DWWS groups. Serum albumin was
significantly decreased in children with SDF group correlating with disease severity,
prognosis and outcome.
Conclusion: Hepatic dysfunction was present in all forms of dengue infection, with
SGOT rising significantly more than SGPT. All biochemical liver parameters were
significantly deranged in patients with severe dengue fever indicating prolonged illness
and poor prognosis.

Background:Liver dysfunction in dengue varies from mild injury with elevation of transaminases to severe hepatocyte injury. Despite hepatocytes are not a major target, hepatic dysfunction is the recurrent feature. Predictive hepatic serum markers represent a solution for the dynamic care of serious dengue and predicting disease prognosis. In the present study we pursued to mold the mode of hepatic involvement in children with dengue and its association with seriousness of disease.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Govt Medical College &hospital during the period of 18 months from October 2019 April 2021 on 120 children under 18 years of age diagnosed with dengue positive and similar age and sex matched controls were included in this study. After obtaining informed consent, Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, clinical signs, laboratory parameters such as complete blood count, serum AST, serum ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin; serum albumin levels were collected. P-value <0.05 and CI 95% were considered significant in all correlation analyses between transaminases and platelet count.

Dengue virus will affect several systems of the body. Myocardial involvement may be the direct effect of the virus itself or may be due to cytokine production. Myocarditis has a varied presentation, it may be clinical or subclinical. Myocarditis can present as cardiac failure, Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes (sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, T wave inversion), 2 D Echocardiography changes (reduced ejection fraction) and elevated cardiac enzymes (Troponin T, CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, N terminal-BNP). The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Informed written consent was obtained from the parents of each patient before enrollment. History and examination findings were recorded in a pre-structured proforma. Children with clinically diagnosed dengue fever (WHO criteria) & serologically confirmed and admitted cases between the age group of 2months to 18 years formed the study group. In 110 biomarker positive cases, 32(17.3%) had a shock, 14 (7.6%) had bleeding manifestations, 78(42.2%) cases had elevated SGOT and SGPT and PT and aPTT elevated in 84(45.4%) and 44(23.8%) cases respectively.

Background: Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are vital if disease related morbidity and mortality are to be limited.1 Abdominal pain is one of the common symptoms of DF and severe pain abdomen is strongly associated with DHF. About 500 000 people with severe dengue fever require hospitalization each year out of which about 2.5% die.6
Aim & Objective: 1.To study prevalence of various causes of acute abdominal pain in dengue illness patients. 2.To study association of causes of acute abdominal pain with severity of dengue illness. 3. To study the age wise association of acute abdominal pain with dengue illness.
Methods: Hospital based Cross sectional analytical study, Study setting: Pediatric ward tertiary care centre
Study duration: 2 years (from October 2018 to March 2020)
Study population: The study population included all the dengue fever cases with acute abdominal pain admitted at a tertiary care center
Sample size:110
Results: In this study, majority of study subjects belongs to age group 7-9 years e.g 38 (34.5%) followed by 4-6 years age group 30 (27.2%), 10- 12 years age group 26 (23%) and 1-3 years age group found 13 cases (11,8%). majority of the cases were found in females e.g 60 (54.60%) and Males were 50 ( 45.40%), proportion of acute abdomen with dengue illness was statistical significant in age group 7 and above (p < 0.05), majority of cases had Dengue fever e.g 98 (89.09%, followed by Dengue Hemorrhagic 8,(7.27%) and Dengue shock syndrome was found in 4 cases (3..64%).
Conclusions: Most common cause of abdominal pain in dengue fever was ascites, pleural effusion, hepatitis. Most common clinical features found in dengue cases was fever, followed by vomiting and skin rash. Majority of cases was found in 7-9 years age group, Majority of the dengue cases were found in females.

Background: The demographic pattern and the trend of disease (dengue fever) are
largely changing everyyear through the past decade.Early recognition and prompt
initiation of appropriate management is vital. The aim of this study to correlate the
clinical profile with laboratory investigations and radiological findings in dengue fever
at tertiary care center.
Materials& Methods: A cross sectional study done on 50 children less than 12 years of
age with clinical signs and symptoms of Dengue- any acute febrile illness in department
of Pediatrics, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India during one
year period. For all suspected dengue fever, the IgM ELISA qualitative test was done at
our hospital. Children positive for IgM dengue were taken up for study and followed up
for clinical profile.Labinvestigations carried out in these patients include CBC,
Haemoglobin, renal functiontest, Liver function test and Dengue IgM serology. Chest X
ray was taken todemonstrate pleural effusion. Children positive for IgM were followed
up for the clinicalprofile and outcome.
Results: Our study showed that the larger number of cases was in 6 to 12 years.).Males
were affected slightly more than females in total and also insubgroupsexceptin DHF
III.Itwas not significant (P>0.05).The mean duration of fever was 6.23 days.Pleural
effusion was seen 6 patients, of which more cases in dengue feverwith warning sign.
Abdominal tenderness was seen in 46% of cases, highest in denguefever with warning
signs and lowest in mild dengue which is statistically significant.Ascites was seen in 20
% of cases, highest in dengue fever with warning signs andDHF IV. Hepatomegaly was
seen in 30%, highest in DHF IV and lowest in mild dengue which is statistically
significant. The splenomegaly was seen in 4% of cases. AST was elevated in 36% of
cases. More in DHFIII & DHFIV cases, but it is not statistically significant. ALT was
increased in 30% of cases. More elevated cases are in DHFIII which was also not
significant.

Background:
Dengue has emerged as a major public health problem, with increasing incidence and widening geographic spread over recent years. It is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted from person to person by mosquitoes. Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In recent years, transmission has increased predominantly in urban and semi urban areas and has become a major international public health concern.Since 1994, Makkah province became a dengue-endemic area with high rate of dengue infection during, spring and early summer. The primary-care physician plays a key role in dengue diagnosis, management, and prevention.
Aim of the study:The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about symptoms of the dengue fever in the primary health-care medical practitioner’s in Makkah Al-Mokarramah city at Saudi Arabia
.Methods: Across sectional descriptive study conducted among including medical practitioner’s  in selected primary health–care centers in Makkah Al-Mokarramah city, during the October to December, 2018, the Sample size of medical practitioners . Our total participants were (300)
.Results: This table shows the majority of participant (43.0%) have average level of knowledge about symptoms of dengue fever followed by (36.3%) of participant high while Range(0-10) and Mean ±SD(6.387±2.323). Regarding knowledge about signs dengue fever, that majority of participant (48.3%) have average level of knowledge followed by (38.3%) of participant have an high level of knowledge while Range(1-11) and Mean ±SD(7.877±2.052). Regarding the participant total level of knowledge about dengue fever, about (41.4%) have average level followed by (38.3%) have average level of knowledge while Range(3-21) and Mean±SD(14.263±4.021)
Conclusion: This review highlights the need for revealed major gaps on knowledge about symptoms of the dengue fever in the primary health-care medical practitioner’s related to dengue Makkah. primary health-care medical practitioner’s working in primary Health care need training and regular supervision to improve their knowledge on the about symptoms of the dengue fever. The results of this study provide a useful opportunity to identify strengths and areas in need of improved, knowledge about symptoms of the dengue fever in primary-care management of dengue.

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The primary vectors that transmit the disease are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus. The virus responsible for causing dengue, is called dengue virus (DENV). There are four DENV serotypes and it is possible to be infected four times. Severe dengue is a leading cause of serious illness and death in some Asian and Latin American countries. It requires management by medical professionals.